Polarization-dependent transformation of a paraxial beam upon reflection and refraction: a real-space approach

We analyze the paraxial beam transformation upon reflection and refraction at a plane boundary. In contrast to the usual approach dealing with the beam angular spectrum, we apply the continuity conditions to explicit spatial representations of the electric and magnetic fields on both sides of the boundary. It is shown that the polarization-dependent distortions of the beam trajectory (in particular, the "longitudinal" Goos-H\"anchen shift and the "lateral" Imbert-Fedorov shift of the beam center of gravity) are directly connected to the incident beam longitudinal component and appear due to its transformation at the boundary.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. Formulae (32), (33), footnote 2 and Ref. 27 are added, some sentences are correcte

Specifics of Designing a Technological Component in аn Integrated Methodological System of Mathematical Training of Future Engineers

Introduction. The article deals with the recent trend in the higher technical education. The new training course focuses on the integration model of mathematical training. The aim of article is to study the specific aspects of designing methodological system of technological component based on integration of bachelorТs degree mathematical and engineering training. Materials and Methods. Scientific works on methodology of engineering, researches on theory of mathematical engineering education, and special normative documents were used as theoretical framework of the study. Historical, pedagogical, and experimental-inductive methods, dialogical understanding, visualisation, pedagogical integration, structuring and generalisation constituted methodological basis of the study. Results. The method of integrating the course of mathematics into the system of engineering education is described and substantiated. This method combines formal and informal approaches in teaching-learning process. It contains the experimental-inductive method and rational logic based on the visualization of learning. These new approaches were approved at Penza Technological University and Penza State University. They demonstrated their effectiveness in the educational process. The teaching of mathematics in technical universities should be carried out with account to the integration model of the educational process. It is relevant to harmonise the methodology of mathematics with the methodology of engineering. The authors propose to structure the applied approaches and to identify the integrative directions of methodological work aimed at separate engineering specialities. At the same time, known methodological positions receive a new qualitative interpretation. Discussion and Conclusions. Scholars in the field of vocational education and subject methodologies, teachers of mathematics in engineering specialities of universities, and teachers of mathematics of profile classes constitute the target group of the article

Диагностика лекарственной непереносимости на эритроцитарной модели

This study intended to elaborate an erythrocytic model approach to diagnosis of drug sensibilisation through an evaluation of lipid peroxidation and the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes.The contact of erythrocytes with causal drugs resulted in a major increase of dien conjugate levels and an increased percentage of erythrocytes with a high electrophoretic mobility.The erythrocytic model revealed effects of the causal drug even in patients taking glucocorticoids.Целью исследования явилась разработка подхода к диагностике лекарственной непереносимости с помощью эритроцитарной модели на основе оценки перекисного окисления липидов и электрофоретической подвижности эритроцитов.Было показано, что контакт с причинно-значимым лекарственным агентом приводил в эритроцитах к существенному нарастанию уровня диеновых конъюгатов, а также к нарастанию процента содержания эритроцитов с большой электрофоретической подвижностью.Эффект влияния причинно-значимого лекарственного агента выявлен с помощью эритроцитарной модели даже у больных, получающих глюкокортикоидные препараты

Internal flows and energy circulation in light beams

We review optical phenomena associated with the internal energy redistribution which accompany propagation and transformations of monochromatic light fields in homogeneous media. The total energy flow (linear-momentum density, Poynting vector) can be divided into spin part associated with the polarization and orbital part associated with the spatial inhomogeneity. We give general description of the internal flows in the coordinate and momentum (angular spectrum) representations for both nonparaxial and paraxial fields. This enables one to determine local densities and integral values of the spin and orbital angular momenta of the field. We analyse patterns of the internal flows in standard beam models (Gaussian, Laguerre-Gaussian, flat-top beam, etc.), which provide an insightful picture of the energy transport. The emphasize is made to the singular points of the flow fields. We describe the spin-orbit and orbit-orbit interactions in the processes of beam focusing and symmetry breakdown. Finally, we consider how the energy flows manifest themselves in the mechanical action on probing particles and in the transformations of a propagating beam subjected to a transverse perturbation.Comment: 50 pages, 21 figures, 173 references. This is the final version of the manuscript (v1) modified in accord to the referee's remarks and with allowance for the recent development. The main changes are: additional discussion of the energy flows in Bessel beams (section 4.1), a lot of new references are added and the Conclusion is shortened and made more accurat

ANTIGENIC AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ASSOCIATED VIRUS VACCINE AGAINST SHEEP POX, GOAT POX AND PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS

H^t of occurrence of sheep and goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts requires development of new vaccines and improvement of available associated ones. Their administration allows for the reduction of vaccination time frames and cost. The study results demonstrated tat associated as well as monovalent virus vaccines against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts have good antigenic properties. The vaccination induced high level of virus neutralizing antibodies against each of the above listed diseases and ensured formation of strong immunity tat is supported by the results of tallenge of sheep with virulent sheep pox virus (“Afghanistan” strain). In 14 and 21 days in blood of sheep immunized with the virus vaccine against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts titres of antibodies against sheep pox virus ((4.17±0.12)-(4.84±0.31)) and PPR ((5.92±0.23)-(6.08±0.23)) were higher as compared to goat pox antibody titres ((1.99±0.89)-(3.53±0.58) log2). Herewith, antibody titres in blood sera of animals vaccinated with monovalent vaccine against sheep pox were higher against homologous virus ((3.62±0.12)- (4.08±0.31)) as compared to goat pox ((2.50±0.50)-(2.25±0.25) log2). The data demonstrate tat the associated vaccines may be used for preventive vaccination against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts

明人“传奇”称名的观念基础及其渊源

A chemically selective laser ion source has been used in a $\beta$-decay study of heavy Ag isotopes into even-even Cd nuclides. Gamma-spectroscopic techniques in time-resolving event-by-event and multiscaling modes have permitted the identification of the first 2$^+$ and 4$^+$ levels in $^{126}$Cd$_{78}$, $^{128}$Cd$_{80}$, and tentatively the 2$^+$ state in $^{130}$Cd$_{82}$. From a comparison of these new states in $_{48}$Cd with the $E(2^+)$ and $E(4^+)/E(2^+)$ level systematics of $_{46}$Pd and $_{52}$Te isotopes and several recent model predictions, possible evidence for a weakening of the spherical $N=82$ neutron-shell below double-magic $^{132}$Sn is obtained