The Self in Time: The Impact of Past-Focus on Well-Being and Intergroup Relations

Time perspective is a fundamental human capacity that shapes thoughts, feelings, and behaviors about the self and others. The present research explores the associations between subjective time, both positive and negative individual and intergroup outcomes, and determines whether temporal focus is affected by situational factors. In Study 1, temporal focus, as an individual difference, and its relation to positive and negative well-being was measured utilizing a newly developed temporal focus inventory. Higher past-focus scores were associated with higher uncertainty avoidance, whereas higher present-focus scores were associated with higher well-being. In Study 2, lack of certainty and control were experimentally manipulated to test their effect on temporal focus. Lack of certainty and control did not affect past-, present-, or future-focus. However, higher perceived conflict resulted in a greater focus on the past. In Study 3, the associations among temporal focus, well-being, and intergroup relations. Lower scores on past-focus and higher scores on future-focus were related to higher scores on intergroup trust. In Study 4, the effects of past- and future-focus combined with culture on intergroup outcomes were studied. Cultural differences suggest that the likelihood of a resolution in a time of conflict while focused on the past may be reduced, whereas a future-focus may lead to more opportunities for reconciliation. The results suggest that temporal focus has important implications for both personal and social outcomes, but also that temporal focus may be amenable to modification under some circumstances

CFD STUDY OF USING DIFFERENT HEAT SINKS FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS COOLING

Cooling of Electronic equipment’s is an attractiveresearch area in engineering applications. Continuedminimization of electronic system has resulted in dramaticincrease in the amount of heat generated per unit volume, Theaim of this study is to use computational Fluid Dynamics inorder to draw a CFD model for forced cooling conjugate heattransfer analyses in heat generating electronic systems andcompare between a collection of actual commercial heat sinksdifferent from in geometry ,material , and number of fins .Acomplete computer chassis model with heat sinks and fansinside was created and parametric analyses were performed tocompare the effects of different turbulence models, meshresolutions, and radiative heat transfer. The CFD software wasused, ANSYS Icepack 18.0 for preprocessing and fluent forsolution and post processing. The road map was applied to fivedifferent heat sinks and another three heat sink as a validationmodeled into the full chassis. Numerical results were comparedwith the available experimental data and they were in goodagreement

Spontaneous Splenic Rupture: A Rare Complication of Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient with Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It frequently involves the ileum, colon and the anorectum. Although rare, acute pancreatitis as a complication of CD involving the duodenum has been described in the literature. We describe a 37-year-old male with CD presenting with acute pancreatitis and spontaneous splenic rupture. The potential mechanisms associated with acute pancreatitis along with spontaneous rupture of the spleen in this patient population and its treatment will be discussed. Common complaints such as upper abdominal pain in a patient with CD should undergo workup to exclude less commonly involved sites such as the pancreas and spleen. Close monitoring in the critical care setting is recommended in carefully selected and hemodynamically stable patients with splenic rupture. Surgical treatment is considered as the standard of care in hemodynamically unstable patients

Comparison of HER-2 overexpression in primary breast cancer and metastatic sites and its effect on biological targeting therapy of metastatic disease

HER-2 overexpression, a predictive marker of tumour aggressiveness and responsiveness to therapy, occurs in 20–30% of breast cancer. Although breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, HER-2 measurement is carried out in primary tumour. This study aims to evaluate HER-2 overexpression in primary and metastases and its effect on treatment decisions. Biopsies from primary breast cancer and corresponding metastases from 58 patients were studied. HER-2 overexpression was evaluated immunohistochemically in all primary and metastatic sites. Positive overexpression in primary and/or metastases was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Discordance in HER-2 overexpression between primary and metastatic sites was 14% (eight of 58 patients). Concordance was found in 50 (86%) of patients (95% CI: 77–95). In one patient (2%), HER-2 was negative in metastasis but positive in primary. In seven (12%) patients, HER-2 was positive in metastases and negative in primary (95% CI: 3.7–20), and three of them responded to trastuzumab. Gene amplification by FISH was found in all cases with HER-2 positive (+2 and +3) by immunohistochemistry. Our data suggest that a possible discordance of HER-2 overexpression between primary and metastases should be considered when making treatment decisions in patients with primary HER-2-negative tumours

The Self in Time: The Impact of Past-Focus on Well-Being and Intergroup Relations

Time perspective is a fundamental human capacity that shapes thoughts, feelings, and behaviors about the self and others. The present research explores the associations between subjective time, both positive and negative individual and intergroup outcomes, and determines whether temporal focus is affected by situational factors. In Study 1, temporal focus, as an individual difference, and its relation to positive and negative well-being was measured utilizing a newly developed temporal focus inventory. Higher past-focus scores were associated with higher uncertainty avoidance, whereas higher present-focus scores were associated with higher well-being. In Study 2, lack of certainty and control were experimentally manipulated to test their effect on temporal focus. Lack of certainty and control did not affect past-, present-, or future-focus. However, higher perceived conflict resulted in a greater focus on the past. In Study 3, the associations among temporal focus, well-being, and intergroup relations. Lower scores on past-focus and higher scores on future-focus were related to higher scores on intergroup trust. In Study 4, the effects of past- and future-focus combined with culture on intergroup outcomes were studied. Cultural differences suggest that the likelihood of a resolution in a time of conflict while focused on the past may be reduced, whereas a future-focus may lead to more opportunities for reconciliation. The results suggest that temporal focus has important implications for both personal and social outcomes, but also that temporal focus may be amenable to modification under some circumstances

The effect of two different types of attachments retaining mandibular implant overdentures on measured strains using static loading conditions

Controversy persists as to the design and indications for different attachment systems for overdentures. Overdenture attachment design magnitudes around implants. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two resilient stud attachment designs on strain magnitudes around implant retained mandibular overdentures. Two acrylic resin casts were fabricated for use in this study. Two implants 13 mm in length and 3.7 mm in diameter were screwed bilaterally into each cast in the area between the canine and lateral incisor. For the first cast, the Locator attachments were secured to the implants: Model 1. For the second cast, Ball and socket attachments were secured to the implants: Model 2. Electric strain gauges were used to record the microstrains generated in the two models.Four strain gauges were used bilaterally to measure the microstarins produced at the labial,lingual, mesial and distal surfaces of the implants, Furthermore, two strain gauges were installed on the buccal surface parallel to the long axis of the ridge to measure microstarins recorded on the ridge for each cast. A loading device was used to produce standardized static loads within the reported physiologic limits of 50 N on either side of the occlusion rims over the implants directly. The readings of the loaded and unloaded sides were recorded in microstrain units from the multi-channel strain indicator. Microstrains were recorded for both the loaded and unloaded side at each time of load application. With respect to the loaded and unloaded implants, the Locator attachment system showed statistically significant lower values than the Ball attachment system. Regarding the esidual ridge, the Ball attachment system showed statistically significant lower values