Teores de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e minerais de gramíneas nativas Paspalum repens e Paspalum fasciculatum de ecossistemas de várzea do Baixo Amazonas, Pará, Brasil.

En un Inceptisol húmedos del campo experimental de la Amazonia baja (2°23? de latitud sur y 54°20? de longitud oeste, municipio de Monte Alegre, Pará, Brasil) de la Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa-Amazonia Oriental), en julio de 2003 (final del período lluvioso), septiembre de 2003 (período seco) y enero de 2004 (comienzo del período lluvioso) se determinaron los contenido de proteína cruda (PC), estracto etereo (EE) y minerales en el forraje de Paspalum repens (Perimembeca) e Paspalum fasciculatum (Mori) procedentes de la zona de varzea. Se utilizó un factorial de dos (especies nativas de forraje) y tres épocas de crecimiento (final y comienzo del periodo lluviosa y época seca). Se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) para el contenido de PC de las especies, siendo más alto en Perimembeca (12.06%) que en Mori (6.65). El contenido de P en ambas gramíneas fue bajo. El contenido de Cu en la gramínea Mori fue adecuado en tanto épocas secas como húmedas. Los contenidos de Ca, K y Fe fueron bajos e influenciados por la época

Degradabilidade "in situ" da gramínea nativa Paspalum repens (Perimembeca) de vázea do Baixo Amazonas, Pará.

Zootec 2005

A pecuária na Amazônia: a busca por um modelo sustentável.

A pecuária na Amazônia é responsabilizada pelo desmatamento, pela emissão de gases do efeito estufa, perda da biodiversidade e alterações no ciclo hidrológico. No entanto, atualmente, existem fortes evidências indicando que o processo da atividade pecuária na Amazônia Brasileira está em transformação. As recentes quedas nas taxas de desmatamento e aumento do rebanho mostram várias modificações que decorrem da efetiva aplicação da legislação ambiental, com a maior presença governamental e participação social, consolidada através do novo código florestal brasileiro, marco legal que estabeleceu as diretrizes atuais para as atividades produtivas. Além disso, a aplicação ambiental contribuiu para tirar os produtores da insegurança jurídica estabelecendo prazos para adequação ambiental. Outro fator importante é o aumento da regularização fundiária, através do programa governamental Terra Legal. O maior controle ambiental e fundiário aliado às inovações tecnológicas, como a integração lavoura/pecuária e ao uso das biotecnologias reprodutivas como inseminação artificial (IA) e inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) tem contribuído para modernização da pecuária na Amazônia com menor impacto ambiental

Diagnóstico molecular de herpesvírus ovino tipo 2 em surto de febre catarral malígna em bovinos do Rio Grande do Norte

Molecular findings that confirmed the participation of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) in the lesions that were consistent with those observed in malignant catarrhal fever of cattle are described. Three mixed-breed cattle from Rio Grande do Norte state demonstrated clinical manifestations that included mucopurulent nasal discharge, corneal opacity and motor incoordination. Routine necropsy examination demonstrated ulcerations and hemorrhage of the oral cavity, corneal opacity, and lymph node enlargement. Significant histopathological findings included widespread necrotizing vasculitis, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, lymphocytic interstitial nephritis and hepatitis, and thrombosis. PCR assay performed on DNA extracted from kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one animal amplified a product of 423 base pairs corresponding to a target sequence within the ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) tegument protein gene. Direct sequencing of the PCR products, from extracted DNA of the kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one cow, amplified the partial nucleotide sequences (423 base pairs) of OVH-2 tegument protein gene. Blast analysis confirmed that these sequences have 98-100% identity with similar OVH-2 sequences deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, demonstrated that the strain of OVH-2 circulating in ruminants from the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Norte and Minas Gerais are similar to that identified in other geographical locations. These findings confirmed the active participation of OVH-2 in the classical manifestations of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever.Os achados moleculares confirmaram a participação do herpesvírus ovino tipo 2 (OVH-2) nas lesões observadas em um surto de febre catarral malígna em bovinos. Três bovinos oriundos de propriedade rural de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte apresentaram manifestações clínicas, que incluíram secreção nasal mucopurulenta, opacidade da córnea e incoordenação motora. A necropsia revelou ulcerações e hemorragias da cavidade oral, opacidade da córnea e linfonodomegalia. Os achados histopatológicos significativos incluíam vasculite necrosante generalizada, meningoencefalite não supurativa, nefrite intersticial linfocítica, hepatite linfocítica e trombose. A PCR, realizada a partir de DNA extraído do rim e do linfonodo mesentérico de um dos animais, amplificou um produto com 423 pares de base do gene da proteína do tegumento do herpesvírus ovino 2 (OVH-2). O sequenciamento direto dos produtos da PCR e a análise pelo Blast demonstraram que o produto amplificado apresentava 98-100% de identidade com sequências do OVH-2 depositadas no GenBank. As análises filogenéticas, baseadas nas sequências deduzidas de aminoácidos demonstraram que a cepa de OVH-2 circulando em ruminantes nos estados de Rio Grande do Norte e Minas Gerais são semelhantes àquelas identificadas em outras regiões geográficas. Esses achados confirmam a participação ativa de OVH-2 nas manifestações clássicas de febre catarral maligna em ovinos.National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazi

Comparison of Rumen Fluid pH by Continuous Telemetry System and Bench pH Meter in Sheep with Different Ranges of Ruminal pH

We aimed to compare the measurements of sheep ruminal pH using a continuous telemetry system or a bench pH meter using sheep with different degrees of ruminal pH. Ruminal lactic acidosis was induced in nine adult crossbred Santa Ines sheep by the administration of 15 g of sucrose per kg/BW. Samples of rumen fluid were collected at the baseline, before the induction of acidosis (T0) and at six, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the induction for pH measurement using a bench pH meter. During this 72-hour period, all animals had electrodes for the continuous measurement of pH. The results were compared using the Bland-Altman analysis of agreement, Pearson coefficients of correlation and determination, and paired analysis of variance with Student’s t-test. The measurement methods presented a strong correlation (r=0.94, P<0.05) but the rumen pH that was measured continuously using a telemetry system resulted in lower values than the bench pH meter (overall mean of 5.38 and 5.48, resp., P=0.0001). The telemetry system was able to detect smaller changes in rumen fluid pH and was more accurate in diagnosing both subacute ruminal lactic acidosis and acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep

Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa

Background: Mechanical transmission of the major livestock pathogen Trypanosoma vivax by other biting flies than\ud tsetse allows its spread from Africa to the New World. Genetic studies are restricted to a small number of isolates\ud and based on molecular markers that evolve too slowly to resolve the relationships between American and West\ud African populations and, thus, unable us to uncover the recent history of T. vivax in the New World.\ud Methods: T. vivax genetic diversity, population structure and the source of outbreaks was investigated through the\ud microsatellite multiloci (7 loci) genotype (MLGs) analysis in South America (47isolates from Brazil, Venezuela and\ud French Guiana) and West Africa (12 isolates from The Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria).\ud Relationships among MLGs were explored using phylogenetic, principal component and STRUCTURE analyses.\ud Results: Although closely phylogenetically related, for the first time, genetic differences were detected between\ud T. vivax isolates from South America (11 genotypes/47 isolates) and West Africa (12 genotypes/12 isolates) with no\ud MLGs in common. Diversity was far greater across West Africa than in South America, where genotypes from Brazil\ud (MLG1-6), Venezuela (MLG7-10) and French Guiana (MLG11) shared similar but not identical allele composition. No\ud MLG was exclusive to asymptomatic (endemic areas) or sick (outbreaks in non-endemic areas) animals, but only\ud MLGs1, 2 and 3 were responsible for severe haematological and neurological disorders.\ud Conclusions: Our results revealed closely related genotypes of T. vivax in Brazil and Venezuela, regardless of\ud endemicity and clinical conditions of the infected livestock. The MLGs analysis from T. vivax across SA and WA\ud support clonal propagation, and is consistent with the hypothesis that the SA populations examined here derived\ud from common ancestors recently introduced from West Africa. The molecular markers defined here are valuable to\ud assess the genetic diversity, to track the source and dispersion of outbreaks, and to explore the epidemiological\ud and pathological significance of T. vivax genotypes.This work was funded through projects within the PROAFRICA and PROSUL programs from the Brazilian agency CNPq. We are grateful to Professor Erney P. Camargo for the joint coordination of these projects and helpful commentaries on the manuscript. HAG was funded by a CDCH-UCV studentship from Venezuela; ACR is a postdoctoral fellow of PNPD-CAPES and CMFR is recipient of PhD scholarships from CNPq-PROTAX. The authors would like to acknowledge for clinical and epidemiological information, blood samples of T. vivax infected livestock and valuable help in the fieldwork several colleagues Garcia et al. Parasites & Vectors 2014, 7:210 Page 11 of 13\ud http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/210 from African countries, Venezuela and Brazil (Galiza GF, Da Silva A and Cadioli L\ud also for previous joint studies). We are grateful to The Wellcome Trust for making available sequences from the genome of T. vivax from Sanger Institute. We are deeply in debt to Wendy Gibson (Bristol University, UK) for helpful discussions and suggestions that much improved our manuscript