Algorithmic means implementing requirements reliability entering information into the onboard control computing system in rocket "SOYUZ-2"

Рассмотрены предъявляемые требования по надежности к режиму ввода программного обеспечения в бортовую цифровую вычислительную систему ракеты-носителя «Союз-2». Произведен анализ существующих программно-алгоритмических средств обеспечения предъявленных требований по надежности. Из-за большого количества используемых элементов и возрастания объемов хранимой информации возникает ряд проблем связанных с реализацией надежного ввода. Основные проблемами в данном режиме это большая вероятность возникновения двух кратных искажений информации и внешнее воздействие на линии связи. В связи с этим представлены доработанные программно-алгоритмические средства обеспечения надежности режима ввода программного обеспечения, с учетом особенностей и возможностей бортовой цифровой вычислительной системы ракеты-носителя «Союз-2», существенно повысившие надежность режима ввода и системы в целом.Discussed requirements to in terms of reliability to the input mode software onboard digital computer system rocket "Soyuz-2". The analysis of existing software and algorithmic means to ensure demand under reliability. Due to the large number of elements used and increasing volumes of stored information, a number of problems associated with the implementation of a reliable input. The main problem in this mode is a large probability of two multiple misstatements and external influence on the link. In this regard, presented the modified software and algorithmic means of securing the input mode information, taking into account the characteristics and capabilities of the onboard digital computer system carrier rocket "Soyuz-2", will significantly increase the reliability of the input mode and the system as a whole

Assessment of operability software and hardware system of automatic control systems

В статье рассматривается проблема оценки вероятности возникновения одиночного сбоя в аппаратуре при выполнении ключевых программ отвечающих за работоспособность системы. В ходе работы была проанализирована связь временных и емкостных характеристик программ, были получены соотношения позволяющие определять характеристики программ необходимые для достижения заданных вероятностных величин.The article considers the problem of evaluation of the likelihood of a single failure in the equipment when performing key programs responsible for the operability of the system. The article has been analyzed relations temporal and capacitive characteristics of the program were obtained ratio by which one can define the characteristics of programs needed to achieve defined values of probability

Structural Basis for the Recognition of Cellular mRNA Export Factor REF by Herpes Viral Proteins HSV-1 ICP27 and HVS ORF57

The herpesvirus proteins HSV-1 ICP27 and HVS ORF57 promote viral mRNA export by utilizing the cellular mRNA export machinery. This function is triggered by binding to proteins of the transcription-export (TREX) complex, in particular to REF/Aly which directs viral mRNA to the TAP/NFX1 pathway and, subsequently, to the nuclear pore for export to the cytoplasm. Here we have determined the structure of the REF-ICP27 interaction interface at atomic-resolution and provided a detailed comparison of the binding interfaces between ICP27, ORF57 and REF using solution-state NMR. Despite the absence of any obvious sequence similarity, both viral proteins bind on the same site of the folded RRM domain of REF, via short but specific recognition sites. The regions of ICP27 and ORF57 involved in binding by REF have been mapped as residues 104–112 and 103–120, respectively. We have identified the pattern of residues critical for REF/Aly recognition, common to both ICP27 and ORF57. The importance of the key amino acid residues within these binding sites was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The functional significance of the ORF57-REF/Aly interaction was also probed using an ex vivo cytoplasmic viral mRNA accumulation assay and this revealed that mutants that reduce the protein-protein interaction dramatically decrease the ability of ORF57 to mediate the nuclear export of intronless viral mRNA. Together these data precisely map amino acid residues responsible for the direct interactions between viral adaptors and cellular REF/Aly and provide the first molecular details of how herpes viruses access the cellular mRNA export pathway

Tensor analyzing power Ayy in deuteron inclusive breakup at large Pt and spin structure of deuteron at short internucleonic distances

The Ayy data for deuteron inclusive breakup off hydrogen and carbon at a deuteron momentum of 9.0 GeV/c and large Pt of emitted protons are presented. The large values of Ayy independent of the target mass reflect the sensitivity of the data to the deuteron spin structure. The data obtained at fixed $x$ and plotted versus Pt clearly demonstrate the dependence of the deuteron spin structure at short internucleonic distances on two variables. The data are compared with the calculations using Paris, CD-Bonn and Karmanov's deuteron wave functions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, talk given at the SPIN2004 Conf., 10-16 Oct. 2004, Triest, Ital

Association of the biochemical parameters of ejaculate with the characteristics of spermatozoa

Motility is one of the most important characteristics of spermatozoa that determine their fertilization ability. Energy for cell movement is produced through glycolysis. Oxidation of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10–3 mole) results in decreased sperm motility. This study investigated the impact of low hydrogen peroxide concentrations (10–4 and 10–5 mole) on GAPDH activity and sperm motility. Hydrogen peroxide in the above concentrations was shown to lead to an increase in total and active sperm motility by 11 and 19 %, respectively; and to simultaneously enhance GAPDH activity by 24 %. It may be that low hydrogen peroxidase concentrations stimulated the cellular antioxidant system. Along with altered sperm motility in another series of the investigation, the investigators determined the level of the biochemical components of ejaculate in different male genital diseases, such as varicocele and chronic prostatitis. Comparison of the sperm obtained from control donors and patients with varicocele showed a significant drop in the concentration of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and cholinesterase. The other biochemical parameters of sperm did not substantially differ from those in the control group. The same level of biochemical parameters was also noted in the patients with chronic prostatitis. At 24 hours after incubation at room temperature, there were 24 and 33 % reductions in the concentrations of total protein and glucose, respectively. The concentration of ions in the sperm was considerably unchanged. At the same time following 24 hours, the motility of spermatozoa fell and their total and active motility was 41 and 30 % of the 100 % baseline level, respectively. The physiological role of the biochemical components of ejaculate is likely to be related to the maintained motility of spermatozoa when the latter are present in the female genital tract

Tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers in the H(d,d')X and ^{12}C(d,d')X reactons at initial deuteron momenta of 9 GeV/c in the region of baryonic resonances excitation

The angular dependence of the tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers in the inelastic scattering of deuterons with a momentum of 9.0 GeV/c on hydrogen and carbon have been measured. The range of measurements corresponds to the baryonic resonance excitation with masses 2.2--2.6 GeV/c^2. The Ayy data being in good agreement with the previous results demonstrate an approximate $t$ scaling up to -1.5 (GeV/c)^2. The large values of A_y show a significant role of the spin-dependent part of the elementary amplitude of the NN->NN* reaction. The results of the experiment are compared with model predictions of the plane-wave impulse approximation.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures. submitted to Yad.Fi

Липоксигеназное окисление жирных кислот в растениях.

Lipid peroxidation is common to all biological systems, both appearing in developmentally and environmentally regulated processes of plants. The hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acids, synthesized by the action of various highly specialized forms of lipoxygenases, are substrates of at least seven different enzymе families. Signaling compounds such as jasmonates, antimicrobial and antifungal compounds such as leaf aldehydes or divinyl ethers, and a plant-specific blend of volatiles including leaf alcohols are among the numerous productsПерекисное окисление является общим процессом для всех биологических систем, причем в растениях онo происходит под влиянием как природных механизмов развития, так и стимулов окружающей среды. Гидропероксиды полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, биосинтезируемые под действием различных специфичных изоформ липоксигеназ, представляют собой субстраты по меньшей мере для семи различных семейств ферментов. Среди множества продуктов ферментативных реакций ключевую роль играют сигнальные соединения растений, такие как жасмонаты, альдегиды, спирты и дивиниловые эфиры полиненасыщенных жирных кислот из листьев (антимикробные и антигрибковые соединения)

Prospects for the measurement of muon-neutrino disappearance at the FNAL-Booster

Neutrino physics is nowadays receiving more and more attention as a possible source of information for the long-standing problem of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The recent measurement of the mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ in the standard mixing oscillation scenario encourages us to pursue the still missing results on leptonic CP violation and absolute neutrino masses. However, puzzling measurements exist that deserve an exhaustive evaluation. The NESSiE Collaboration has been setup to undertake conclusive experiments to clarify the muon-neutrino disappearance measurements at small $L/E$, which will be able to put severe constraints to models with more than the three-standard neutrinos, or even to robustly measure the presence of a new kind of neutrino oscillation for the first time. To this aim the use of the current FNAL-Booster neutrino beam for a Short-Baseline experiment has been carefully evaluated. This proposal refers to the use of magnetic spectrometers at two different sites, Near and Far. Their positions have been extensively studied, together with the possible performances of two OPERA-like spectrometers. The proposal is constrained by availability of existing hardware and a time-schedule compatible with the CERN project for a new more performant neutrino beam, which will nicely extend the physics results achievable at the Booster. The possible FNAL experiment will allow to clarify the current $\nu_{\mu}$ disappearance tension with $\nu_e$ appearance and disappearance at the eV mass scale. Instead, a new CERN neutrino beam would allow a further span in the parameter space together with a refined control of systematics and, more relevant, the measurement of the antineutrino sector, by upgrading the spectrometer with detectors currently under R&D study.Comment: 76 pages, 52 figure