La asignatura de Redes de Área Local en la Ingeniería Informática de la UPV: teoría y prácticas

La asignatura de Redes de Área Local (RAL) se imparte con carácter optativo en el noveno semestre de la titulación de Ingeniero en Informática en la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. En el presente artículo se esbozan los contenidos temáticos de esta asignatura, así como las prácticas y trabajos adicionales que se proponen al alumno con el fin consolidar su formación ingenieril. Asimismo, se describe la metodología docente que se utiliza para incentivar y mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del estudiante. Por último, se describe el proceso ineludible de evaluación del alumno

Uso de Powerpoint e Internet en la enseñanza universitaria

El advenimiento de las nuevas tecnologías ha originado el desarrollo de herramientas capaces de tratar gran cantidad de información. Su aplicación a la enseñanza no se ha hecho esperar. Una de estas aplicaciones es el desarrollo de material multimedia de apoyo a las clases magistrales tradicionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar y analizar el uso de las herramientas multimedia en la docencia universitaria, — aplicando su utilización a Fundamentos de Computadores, asignatura troncal de primer curso de las titulaciones ITIG, ITIS e II

Formación de libre configuración en la UPV: administración y seguridad WNT

El presente trabajo pretende ilustrar las experiencias docentes en la enseñanza no reglada desarrollada en la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) para la formación específica del alumnado. En concreto, el trabajo se centra en las técnicas docentes empleadas y experiencias adquiridas en el curso "Administración y Seguridad en Sistemas Informáticos en Red basados en Windows NT" impartido en la Escuela Universitaria de Informática (EUD). Dicho curso forma parte de las actividades válidas para la obtención de créditos de libre elección

Differences in the proteome of stallion spermatozoa explain stallion-to-stallion variability in sperm quality post-thaw†

The identification of stallions and or ejaculates that will provide commercially acceptable quality post-thaw before cryopreservation is of great interest, avoiding wasting time and resources freezing ejaculates that will not achieve sufficient quality to be marketed. Our hypothesis was that after bioinformatic analysis, the study of the stallion sperm proteome can provide discriminant variables able to predict the post-thaw quality of the ejaculate. At least three ejaculates from 10 different stallions were frozen following a split sample design. Half of the ejaculate was analyzed as a fresh aliquot and the other half was frozen and then analyzed as a frozen-thawed aliquot. Computer-assisted sperm analysis and flow cytometry were used to analyze sperm quality. Detailed proteomic analysis was performed on fresh and frozen and thawed aliquots, and bioinformatic analysis was used to identify discriminant variables in fresh samples able to predict the outcome of cryopreservation. Those with a fold change > 3, a P = 8.2e-04, and a q = 0.074 (equivalent to False discovery rate (FDR)) were selected, and the following proteins were identified in fresh samples as discriminant variables of good motility post-thaw: F6YTG8, K9K273, A0A3Q2I7V9, F7CE45, F6YU15, and F6SKR3. Other discriminant variables were also identified as predictors of good mitochondrial membrane potential and viability post-thaw. We concluded that proteomic approaches are a powerful tool to improve current sperm biotechnologies

Low glucose and high pyruvate reduce the production of 2-oxoaldehydes, improving mitochondrial efficiency, redox regulation, and stallion sperm function

Energy metabolism in spermatozoa is complex and involves the metabolism of carbohydrate fatty acids and amino acids. The ATP produced in the electron transport chain in the mitochondria appears to be crucial for both sperm motility and maintaining viability, whereas glycolytic enzymes in the flagella may contribute to ATP production to sustain motility and velocity. Stallion spermatozoa seemingly use diverse metabolic strategies, and in this regard, a study of the metabolic proteome showed that Gene Ontology terms and Reactome pathways related to pyruvate metabolism and the Krebs cycle were predominant. Following this, the hypothesis that low glucose concentrations can provide sufficient support for motility and velocity, and thus glucose concentration can be significantly reduced in the medium, was tested. Aliquots of stallion semen in four different media were stored for 48 h at 18°C; a commercial extender containing 67 mM glucose was used as a control. Stallion spermatozoa stored in media with low glucose (1 mM) and high pyruvate (10 mM) (LG-HP) sustained better motility and velocities than those stored in the commercial extender formulated with very high glucose (61.7 ± 1.2% in INRA 96 vs 76.2 ± 1.0% in LG-HP media after 48 h of incubation at 18°C; P < 0.0001). Moreover, mitochondrial activity was superior in LG-HP extenders (24.1 ± 1.8% in INRA 96 vs 51.1 ± 0.7% in LG-HP of spermatozoa with active mitochondria after 48 h of storage at 18°C; P < 0.0001). Low glucose concentrations may permit more efficient sperm metabolism and redox regulation when substrates for an efficient tricarboxylic acid cycle are provided. The improvement seen using low glucose extenders is due to reductions in the levels of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, 2-oxoaldehydes formed during glycolysis; these compounds are potent electrophiles able to react with proteins, lipids, and DNA, causing sperm damage

In Stallion Spermatozoa, Superoxide Dismutase (Cu-Zn) (SOD1) and the Aldo-Keto-Reductase Family 1 Member b (AKR1B1) Are the Proteins Most Significantly Reduced by Cryopreservation

Although cryopreservation is widely used in animal breeding, the technique is still suboptimal. The population of spermatozoa surviving the procedure experiences changes attributed to alteration in their redox regulation. In order to expand our knowledge regarding this particular aspect, the proteome in fresh and frozen thawed aliquots of equine spermatozoa was studied to identify the proteins most severely affected by the procedure. If alteration of redox regulation is a major factor explaining cryodamage, proteins participating in redox regulation should be principally affected. Using a split sample design, 30 ejaculates from 10 different stallions were analyzed as fresh spermatozoa, and another aliquot from the same ejaculate was analyzed as a frozen thawed sample. The proteome was studied under both conditions using UHPLC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis conducted to identify discriminant variables between both conditions. Data are available through the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifier PXD022236. The proteins most significantly reduced were Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B (p = 2.2 × 10-17) and Superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn) (p = 4.7 × 10-14). This is the first time that SOD1 has been identified as a discriminating variable using bioinformatic analysis, where it was one of the most highly significantly different proteins seen between fresh and frozen thawed semen. This finding strongly supports the theory that alteration in redox regulation and oxidative stress is a major factor involved in cryodamage and suggests that control of redox regulation should be a major target to improve current cryopreservation procedures

Nuclear response functions for the N-N*(1440) transition

Parity-conserving and -violating response functions are computed for the inclusive electroexcitation of the N*(1440)(Roper) resonance in nuclear matter modeled as a relativistic Fermi gas. Using various empirical parameterizations and theoretical models of the N-N*(1440) transition form factors, the sensitivity of the response functions to details of the structure of the Roper resonance is investigated. The possibility of disentangling this resonance from the contribution of Delta electroproduction in nuclei is addressed. Finally, the contributions of the Roper resonance to the longitudinal scaling function and to the Coulomb sum rule are also explored.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures. Minor changes in the Introduction. Accepted in NP

The SLC7A11: sperm mitochondrial function and non-canonical glutamate metabolism

Spermatozoa are redox-regulated cells, and stallion spermatozoa, in particular, present an intense mitochondrial activity in which large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. To maintain the redox potential under physiological conditions, sophisticated mechanisms ought to be present, particularly in the mitochondria. In the present study, we investigated the role of the SLC7A11 antiporter. This antiporter exchanges intracellular glutamate for extracellular cystine. In the spermatozoa, cystine is reduced to cysteine and used for GSH synthesis. The importance of the antiporter for mitochondrial functionality was studied using flow cytometry and UHPLC/MS/MS approaches. Intracellular GSH increased in the presence of cystine, but was reduced in the presence of Buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), a γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor (P < 0.001). Inhibition of the SLC7A11 antiporter with sulfasalazine caused a dramatic drop in intracellular GSH (P < 0.001) and in the percentage of spermatozoa showing active mitochondria (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that proper functionality of this antiporter is required for the mitochondrial function of spermatozoa. We also describe that under some conditions, glutamate may be metabolized following non-conventional pathways, also contributing to sperm functionality. We provide evidences, that the stallion spermatozoa have important metabolic plasticity, and also of the relation between redox regulation and metabolic regulation. These findings may have important implications for the understanding of sperm biology and the development of new strategies for sperm conservation and treatment of male factor infertility