Tissue Culture of Rubus sp. by Different Methods and Assessment of Genetic Fidelity of Regenerated Plants Using RAPD

Different methods employed in plant tissue culture can provide a valuable source of plants for the horticultural industry and novel germplasm for breeding programs, but the genetic fidelity and lack of somaclonal variation of regenerated plants needs to be verified. In this study, the genetic fidelity of blackberry (Rubus hirtus Waldst. & Kit.) plants regenerated in vitro was assessed with 11 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Three routes were assessed: callus induction on Yasuda medium with 6-benzyladenine (BA, 8.88 μM), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 10.84 μM) and glycerol (2%, v/v), somatic embryogenesis on Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with 7.57 μM abscisic acid (ABA), and micropropagation from single nodes on MS basal medium containing NAA (0 and 2.86 μM) and BA (0, 4.44, 8.88 and 17.76 μM). MS medium with 2.86 μM NAA and 8.88 or 17,76 μM BA was the most effective medium for axillary shoot multiplication of R. hirtus and Rubus sanctus Schreb. from nodal segments. A total of 618 fragments were successfully generated by RAPD and the maximum of loci was observed in primer 1204-209 that show 10 and 69 bands. Genetic similarity exceeded 86% when regenerated plants were compared to mother plants. Based on the RAPD data profile, almost true-to-type plants were produced by different methods of plant regeneration (direct shoot regeneration, somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis)

Tissue Culture of Rubus sp. by Different Methods and Assessment of Genetic Fidelity of Regenerated Plants Using RAPD

Different methods employed in plant tissue culture can provide a valuable source of plants for the horticultural industry and novel germplasm for breeding programs, but the genetic fidelity and lack of somaclonal variation of regenerated plants needs to be verified. In this study, the genetic fidelity of blackberry (Rubus hirtus Waldst. & Kit.) plants regenerated in vitro was assessed with 11 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Three routes were assessed: callus induction on Yasuda medium with 6-benzyladenine (BA, 8.88 μM), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 10.84 μM) and glycerol (2%, v/v), somatic embryogenesis on Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with 7.57 μM abscisic acid (ABA), and micropropagation from single nodes on MS basal medium containing NAA (0 and 2.86 μM) and BA (0, 4.44, 8.88 and 17.76 μM). MS medium with 2.86 μM NAA and 8.88 or 17,76 μM BA was the most effective medium for axillary shoot multiplication of R. hirtus and Rubus sanctus Schreb. from nodal segments. A total of 618 fragments were successfully generated by RAPD and the maximum of loci was observed in primer 1204-209 that show 10 and 69 bands. Genetic similarity exceeded 86% when regenerated plants were compared to mother plants. Based on the RAPD data profile, almost true-to-type plants were produced by different methods of plant regeneration (direct shoot regeneration, somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis)

A Unified Model of the GABA(A) Receptor Comprising Agonist and Benzodiazepine Binding Sites

We present a full-length α(1)β(2)γ(2) GABA receptor model optimized for agonists and benzodiazepine (BZD) allosteric modulators. We propose binding hypotheses for the agonists GABA, muscimol and THIP and for the allosteric modulator diazepam (DZP). The receptor model is primarily based on the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) from C. elegans and includes additional structural information from the prokaryotic ligand-gated ion channel ELIC in a few regions. Available mutational data of the binding sites are well explained by the model and the proposed ligand binding poses. We suggest a GABA binding mode similar to the binding mode of glutamate in the GluCl X-ray structure. Key interactions are predicted with residues α(1)R66, β(2)T202, α(1)T129, β(2)E155, β(2)Y205 and the backbone of β(2)S156. Muscimol is predicted to bind similarly, however, with minor differences rationalized with quantum mechanical energy calculations. Muscimol key interactions are predicted to be α(1)R66, β(2)T202, α(1)T129, β(2)E155, β(2)Y205 and β(2)F200. Furthermore, we argue that a water molecule could mediate further interactions between muscimol and the backbone of β(2)S156 and β(2)Y157. DZP is predicted to bind with interactions comparable to those of the agonists in the orthosteric site. The carbonyl group of DZP is predicted to interact with two threonines α(1)T206 and γ(2)T142, similar to the acidic moiety of GABA. The chlorine atom of DZP is placed near the important α(1)H101 and the N-methyl group near α(1)Y159, α(1)T206, and α(1)Y209. We present a binding mode of DZP in which the pending phenyl moiety of DZP is buried in the binding pocket and thus shielded from solvent exposure. Our full length GABA(A) receptor is made available as Model S1

Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin antibiotic by TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on a glass plate

This research investigated the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin by titanium dioxide nanoparticles immobilized on a glass plate in an aqueous solution. The important point about this process is immobilization on glass plate, which resolves difficulties related to separation of catalysts from the solution in the application of sole nanoparticles as well as reusability of nanoparticles. Application of nanoparticles without immobilization on a support medium causes toxic effects in aqueous solutions, which was fixed through immobilization on a glass plate in this study. In this research, 1 gL�1 of TiO2 was immobilized on a glass plate. XRD and SEM indicated that the TiO2 immobilized on the glass plate was highly pure and uniform in size (39.2�74.9 nm). The maximum ciprofloxacin removal efficiency from the synthetic aqueous solution was obtained at the optimal pH of 5, contact time of 105 min, and ciprofloxacin initial concentration of 3 mgL�1. The extent of ciprofloxacin removed under optimal conditions was obtained as 92.81 and 86.57 from the synthetic and real samples, respectively. Evaluation of linear models of kinetics and adsorption isotherms indicated that the data followed pseudo-first-order kinetics as well as Langmuir�Hinshelwood and Freundlich isotherms. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of ciprofloxacin on TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on glass plate is an endothermic and physical process. Considering the high efficiency of this process under real conditions, it can be used for the removal of resistant pollutants from industrial wastewater. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Hybrid UV/COP advanced oxidation process using ZnO as a catalyst immobilized on a stone surface for degradation of acid red 18 dye

Azo dyes are the largest group of synthetic organic dyes which containing the linkage CsbndNdbndNsbndC and used in various industries such as textile industries leather articles, and some foods. Azo dyes are resistant compounds against the biodegradation processes. The purpose of this research was hybrid UV/COP advanced oxidation process using ZnO as a catalyst immobilized on a stone surface for degradation of acid red 18 (AR18) Dye. In the hybrid process using some parameters such as the dye initial concentration, pH, contact time and catalyst concentration, the process efficiency was investigated. In order to the dye removal, the sole ozonation process (SOP), catalytic ozonation process (COP) and photocatalytic process (UV/ZnO) were used. The ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The maximum dye removal was achieved 97% at the dye initial concentration 25 mg/L, catalyst concentration 3 g/L, contact time 40 min and pH 5. As a real sample, the Yazdbaf textile factory wastewater was selected. After that, the physicochemical quality was evaluated. As well as, in the optimal conditions, the AR18 dye removal efficiency was achieved 65%. The kinetic results demonstrated that the degradation reaction was fitted by pseudo-first-order kinetic. The UV/COP hybrid process had high efficiency for removal of resistant dyes from the textile wastewater. Advantages of this technique were as follows: � ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized as catalyst by thermal method and were immobilized on the stones. � pH changes had no significant effect on the removal efficiency. � In the kinetic studies, the decomposition reaction followed pseudo-first order kinetic. © 2020 The Author