Correction: Predicting Response Trajectories during Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Panic Disorder: No Association with the BDNF Gene or Childhood Maltreatment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158224.]

Predicting Response Trajectories during Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Panic Disorder: No Association with the BDNF Gene or Childhood Maltreatment.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and result in low quality of life and a high social and economic cost. The efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders is well established, but a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to this treatment. Understanding which genetic and environmental factors are responsible for this differential response to treatment is a key step towards 'personalized medicine'. Based on previous research, our objective was to test whether the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and/or childhood maltreatment are associated with response trajectories during exposure-based CBT for panic disorder (PD). METHOD: We used Growth Mixture Modeling to identify latent classes of change (response trajectories) in patients with PD (N = 97) who underwent group manualized exposure-based CBT. We conducted logistic regression to investigate the effect on these trajectories of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and two different types of childhood maltreatment, abuse and neglect. RESULTS: We identified two response trajectories ('high response' and 'low response'), and found that they were not significantly associated with either the genetic (BDNF Val66Met polymorphism) or childhood trauma-related variables of interest, nor with an interaction between these variables. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support an effect of the BDNF gene or childhood trauma-related variables on CBT outcome in PD. Future studies in this field may benefit from looking at other genotypes or using different (e.g. whole-genome) approaches

Predicting Response Trajectories during Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Panic Disorder: No Association with the <i>BDNF</i> Gene or Childhood Maltreatment

<div><p>Background</p><p>Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and result in low quality of life and a high social and economic cost. The efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders is well established, but a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to this treatment. Understanding which genetic and environmental factors are responsible for this differential response to treatment is a key step towards “personalized medicine”. Based on previous research, our objective was to test whether the <i>BDNF</i> Val66Met polymorphism and/or childhood maltreatment are associated with response trajectories during exposure-based CBT for panic disorder (PD).</p><p>Method</p><p>We used Growth Mixture Modeling to identify latent classes of change (response trajectories) in patients with PD (N = 97) who underwent group manualized exposure-based CBT. We conducted logistic regression to investigate the effect on these trajectories of the <i>BDNF</i> Val66Met polymorphism and two different types of childhood maltreatment, abuse and neglect.</p><p>Results</p><p>We identified two response trajectories (“high response” and “low response”), and found that they were not significantly associated with either the genetic (<i>BDNF</i> Val66Met polymorphism) or childhood trauma-related variables of interest, nor with an interaction between these variables.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>We found no evidence to support an effect of the <i>BDNF</i> gene or childhood trauma-related variables on CBT outcome in PD. Future studies in this field may benefit from looking at other genotypes or using different (e.g. whole-genome) approaches.</p></div

Estimated mean scores for panic symptoms (PDSS-SR) in the two-class model during exposure-based CBT and follow-up.

<p>Estimated mean scores for panic symptoms (PDSS-SR) in the two-class model during exposure-based CBT and follow-up.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample (N = 97).

<p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample (N = 97).</p

Main effects and interactions of genetic and trauma-related variables on trajectory class membership.

<p>Main effects and interactions of genetic and trauma-related variables on trajectory class membership.</p

Consort flow diagram.

<p>Consort flow diagram.</p