Increasing the Adaptive Capacity of the Organism When Exposed to Adverse Environmental Factors Through Phytoadaptogens

The Problem of improving the quality of life of the population in modern conditions is the most relevant. The level of human health largely depends on the quality of the environment. Of special importance are the risk factors for the spread of diseases like environmental pollution, social conditions and bad habits. To the emergence of ecologically dependent diseases leads the combined impact of technogenic, social-economic, natural-climatic factors. The introduction of the principles of biotechnology, nanotechnology and innovations in industrial processing of plant resources, especially natural adaptogens, contributes to the production of balanced, ecologically clean food products functional purpose, the use of which will significantly minimize the adverse effects of the environment on humans

Theory of differential inclusions and its application in mechanics

The following chapter deals with systems of differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides. The key question is how to define the solutions of such systems. The most adequate approach is to treat discontinuous systems as systems with multivalued right-hand sides (differential inclusions). In this work three well-known definitions of solution of discontinuous system are considered. We will demonstrate the difference between these definitions and their application to different mechanical problems. Mathematical models of drilling systems with discontinuous friction torque characteristics are considered. Here, opposite to classical Coulomb symmetric friction law, the friction torque characteristic is asymmetrical. Problem of sudden load change is studied. Analytical methods of investigation of systems with such asymmetrical friction based on the use of Lyapunov functions are demonstrated. The Watt governor and Chua system are considered to show different aspects of computer modeling of discontinuous systems

Association of rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1042714 ADRB2 with the changes in body fat mass in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders

BACKGROUND: Depending on the polymorphism of genes that that are involved in metabolism, the response of patients to different types of therapy may differ. Despite the potential effect of rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042712 ADRB2 on changes in body composition in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders, these associations haven’t been studied yet. AIM: To study the influence of rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1042714 ADRB2 on changes in body fat composition in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved patients with overweight or obesity and risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes development. All patients underwent genotyping with the real-time polymerase chain reaction, oral glucose tolerance test and bioimpedancemetry. Further, the patients were divided into two groups. First group kept a diet with the exclusion of simple and limitation of complex carbohydrates and fats. Second group took metformin in addition to the diet. Three months after bioimpedancemetry was performed again.RESULTS: The research involved 73 patients (the mean age 48±12 y.o., the mean BMI 34,27±6,18 kg/m2 ). The diet therapy group consisted of 47 people. Other 26 patients took metformin in addition to the diet. In group of diet, T allele carriers of rs7903146 TCF7L2 were characterized with more decrease in fat mass compared with CC homozygotes (- 7.90 ± 9.46% vs. -1.54 ± 8.98%, p = 0.027). CC genotype carriers of rs7903146 TCF7L2 in group of metformin and the diet had a tendency for more decrease in hip circumference compared with T allele carriers (-4.95 ± 3.34% vs. — 2.5 ± 2.96%, p = 0.064). Carriers of C allele in homozygous state of rs1042714 ADRB2, who took metformin with the diet, demonstrated more decrease in hip circumference (- 5.81 ± 3.00% vs. -2.50 ± 2.7%, p = 0.009), the tendency for decrease in fat mass (-8.28 ± 8.86% vs. — 3.20 ± 5.09%, p = 0.068) and waist circumference (-5.91 ± 4.29% vs. -3.03 ± 4.01 %, p = 0.091) compared with G allele carriers. The association of rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042714 ADRB2 with changes in total body weight was not observed (p> 0.05).CONCLUSION: Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042714 ADRB2 influence on body fat composition in patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders in various types of treatment

A characteristic of the species composition of pathogenic fungi of the genus <i>Fusarium</i> in corn biocenoses of the Voronezh region

Corn is one of the main crops of modern world agriculture. It ranks f irst in terms of gross grain harvests and second in terms of acreage, ceding only to the main grain crop of the globe, wheat. The problem of increasing the production of grain and green mass of corn remains one of the urgent tasks of agricultural production. High potential yields very often remain untapped due to diseases, direct losses from which are estimated at 20–50 %. The purpose of this work was to study the species composition of micromycetes on corn collected in different phases of vegetation in May-July 2020 in the Voronezh region, to identify phytopathogenic genus Fusarium fungi, to study pathogenic and phytotoxic strains of the fungi to replenish the collection of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of a Phytopathology. Preservation of infectious material of fungi from the genus Fusarium is of no small importance for phytopathological, immunological, breeding, genetic and toxicological studies. As a result of the mycological studies carried out, a lot of fungi isolates from the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Periconia, Pythium, Trichothecium, etc., isolated from the affected roots, stems and ears of corn in the Voronezh region in 2020 were identif ied. Fungi isolates from seven taxonomic groups: Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (F. moniliforme, F. verticillioides), Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G. Sm.) Sacc., Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Fusarium heterosporum Nees &amp; T. Nees (F. lolii ), Fusarium roseum Link (F. sambucinum), Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. were tested for pathogenicity and phytotoxicity on seedlings of plant-testers. It has been shown that pathogenic and phytotoxic activity in fungi varies signif icantly between Fusarium species and within the same species. The greatest danger to corn is represented by the species F. sporotrichioides, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum, F. heterosporum, which have a high intensity of phytotoxic activity associated with the fact that they contribute to the synthesis and accumulation of dangerous toxins in plant tissues. As a result of the conducted studies, 55 strains of fungi from the genus Fusarium belonging to seven species were selected. The isolates, stable in morphological and cultural characteristics and studied for pathogenicity and toxicity, were placed for long-term storage in the Russian State Collection of Plant Pathogenic Microorganisms and Cultivars for Identif ication of Phytopathogenic Microbial Strains at the All-Russian Scientif ic Research Institute of a Phytopathology

Evolution in Binary and Triple Stars, with an application to SS Lac

We present equations governing the way in which both the orbit and the intrinsic spins of stars in a close binary should evolve subject to a number of perturbing forces, including the effect of a third body in a possibly inclined wider orbit. We illustrate the solutions in some binary-star and triple-star situations: tidal friction in a wide but eccentric orbit of a radio pulsar about a B star, the Darwin and eccentricity instabilities in a more massive but shorter-period massive X-ray binary, and the interaction of tidal friction with Kozai cycles in a triple such as Algol (beta-Per), at an early stage in that star's life when all 3 components were ZAMS stars. We also attempt to model in some detail the interesting triple system SS Lac, which stopped eclipsing in about 1950. We find that our model of SS Lac is quite constrained by the relatively good observational data of this system, and leads to a specific inclination (29 deg) of the outer orbit relative to the inner orbit at epoch zero (1912). Although the intrinsic spins of the stars have little effect on the orbit, the converse is not true: the spin axes can vary their orientation relative to the close binary by up to 120 deg on a timescale of about a century.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figure

Hidden attractors in fundamental problems and engineering models

Recently a concept of self-excited and hidden attractors was suggested: an attractor is called a self-excited attractor if its basin of attraction overlaps with neighborhood of an equilibrium, otherwise it is called a hidden attractor. For example, hidden attractors are attractors in systems with no equilibria or with only one stable equilibrium (a special case of multistability and coexistence of attractors). While coexisting self-excited attractors can be found using the standard computational procedure, there is no standard way of predicting the existence or coexistence of hidden attractors in a system. In this plenary survey lecture the concept of self-excited and hidden attractors is discussed, and various corresponding examples of self-excited and hidden attractors are considered

Bivalent engagement of endothelial surface antigens is critical to prolonged surface targeting and protein delivery in vivo

Targeted drug delivery to the endothelium has the potential to generate localized therapeutic effects at the blood- tissue interface. For some therapeutic cargoes, it is essential to maintain contact with the bloodstream to exert protective effects. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of endothelial surface- targeted affinity ligands and biotherapeutic cargo remain a largely unexplored area, despite obvious translational implications for this strategy. To bridge this gap, we site- specifically radiolabeled mono- (scFv) and bivalent (mAb) affinity ligands specific for the endothelial cell adhesion molecules, PECAM- 1 (CD31) and ICAM- 1 (CD54). Radiotracing revealed similar lung biodistribution at 30 minutes post- injection (79.3% ± 4.2% vs 80.4% ± 10.6% ID/g for αICAM and 58.9% ± 3.6% ID/g vs. 47.7% ± 5.8% ID/g for αPECAM mAb vs. scFv), but marked differences in organ residence time, with antibodies demonstrating an order of magnitude greater area under the lung concentration vs. time curve (AUCinf 1698 ± 352 vs. 53.3 ± 7.9 ID/g*hrs for αICAM and 1023 ± 507 vs. 114 ± 37 ID/g*hrs for αPECAM mAb vs scFv). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, fit to and validated using these data, indicated contributions from both superior binding characteristics and prolonged circulation time supporting multiple binding- detachment cycles. We tested the ability of each affinity ligand to deliver a prototypical surface cargo, thrombomodulin (TM), using one- to- one protein conjugates. Bivalent mAb- TM was superior to monovalent scFv- TM in both pulmonary targeting and lung residence time (AUCinf 141 ± 3.2 vs 12.4 ± 4.2 ID/g*hrs for ICAM and 188 ± 90 vs 34.7 ± 19.9 ID/g*hrs for PECAM), despite having similar blood PK, indicating that binding strength is more important parameter than the kinetics of binding. To maximize bivalent target engagement, we synthesized an oriented, end- to- end anti- ICAM mAb- TM conjugate and found that this therapeutic had the best lung residence time (AUCinf 253 ± 18 ID/g*hrs) of all TM modalities. These observations have implications not only for the delivery of TM, but also potentially all therapeutics targeted to the endothelial surface.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156501/3/fsb220760_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156501/2/fsb220760-sup-0001-Supinfo.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156501/1/fsb220760.pd

The Multiple Origin of Blue Straggler Stars: Theory vs. Observations

In this chapter we review the various suggested channels for the formation and evolution of blue straggler stars (BSSs) in different environments and their observational predictions. These include mass transfer during binary stellar evolution - case A/B/C and D (wind Roche-lobe overflow) mass transfer, stellar collisions during single and binary encounters in dense stellar cluster, and coupled dynamical and stellar evolution of triple systems. We also explore the importance of the BSS and binary dynamics in stellar clusters. We review the various observed properties of BSSs in different environments (halo and bulge BSSs, BSSs in globular clusters and BSSs in old open clusters), and compare the current observations with the theoretical predictions for BSS formation. We try to constrain the likely progenitors and processes that play a role in the formation of BSSs and their evolution. We find that multiple channels of BSS formation are likely to take part in producing the observed BSSs, and we point out the strengths and weaknesses of each the formation channel in respect to the observational constraints. Finally we point out directions to further explore the origin of BSS, and highlight eclipsing binary BSSs as important observational tool.Comment: Chapter 11, in Ecology of Blue Straggler Stars, H.M.J. Boffin, G. Carraro & G. Beccari (Eds), Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Springe