Neutrino self-energy in a magnetized medium in arbitrary ξ\xi-gauge

We calculate the one-loop neutrino self-energy in a magnetized plasma to all orders in the magnetic field. The calculation is done in a general gauge. We obtain the dispersion relation and effective potential for neutrinos in a CP-symmetric plasma under various conditions, and show that, while the self-energy depends on the gauge parameter $\xi$, the dispersion relation and effective potential to leading order are independent of it.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX, epsfig, axodra

High-energy neutrino conversion into electron-W pair in magnetic field and its contribution to neutrino absorption

We calculate the conversion rate of high-energy neutrinos propagating in constant magnetic field into an electron-W pair (nu -> W + e) from the imaginary part of the neutrino self-energy. Using the exact propagators in constant magnetic field, the neutrino self-energy has been calculated to all order in the field within the Weinberg-Salam model. We obtain a compact formula in the limit of B << Bcr = m^2/e. We find that above the process threshold Eth \~ 2.2 10^16 (Bcr / B) eV this contribution to the absorption of neutrinos yields an asymptotic absorption length ~ 1.1 (Bcr / B)^2 (10^{16} eV / E) meters.Comment: 10 pages in RevTeX, 2 figures; published version: two typos corrected, one reference adde

Magnetic properties of neutrinos in high temperature SU(2)XU(1) gauge theory

We calculate the finite temperature self-energy for neutrinos in the presence of a constant magnetic field in a medium in the unbroken $SU(2) \otimes U(1)$ model. We obtain the exact dispersion relation for such neutrinos and find that the thermal effective mass is modified by the magnetic field. We also find a simple analytic expression for the dispersion relation and obtain the index of refraction for large neutrino momentum.Comment: 13 pp, RevTeX, no figure

Generational Mass Splitting of Neutrinos in High Temperature SU(2)L⊗U(1)SU(2)_{\scriptscriptstyle{L}}\otimes U(1) Gauge Theory

We calculate the generational mass splitting of neutrinos in high temperature $SU(2)_{\scriptscriptstyle{L}}\otimes U(1)$ gauge theory when the temperature is above $250$ GeV and the gauge symmetry is restored. We consider the case of neutrinos that are massless at tree level as well as the case of neutrinos with tree-level mass and large mixing.Comment: 12 Pages, JHU-TIPAC-940008/INFNCA-TH-94-

Neutrino self-energy and dispersion in a medium with magnetic field

We calculate the one-loop thermal self-energy of a neutrino in a constant and homogeneous magnetic field to all orders in the magnetic field strength using Schwinger's proper time method. We obtain the dispersion relation under various conditions.Comment: 17 pp, RevTeX, one figur

Fermion and Anti-Fermion Effective Masses in High Temperature Gauge Theories in CPCP-Asymmetric Background

We calculate the splitting between fermion and anti-fermion effective masses in high temperature gauge theories in the presence of a non-vanishing chemical potential due to the $CP$-asymmetric fermionic background. In particular we consider the case of left-handed leptons in the $SU(2)\otimes U(1)$ theory when the temperature is above $250$ GeV and the gauge symmetry is restored.Comment: 13 pages, TIPAC-93001

Effective Electromagnetic Lagrangian at Finite Temperature and Density in the Electroweak Model

Using the exact propagators in a constant magnetic field, the effective electromagnetic Lagrangian at finite temperature and density is calculated to all orders in the field strength B within the framework of the complete electroweak model, in the weak coupling limit. The partition function and free energy are obtained explicitly and the finite temperature effective coupling is derived in closed form. Some implications of this result, potentially interesting to astrophysics and cosmology, are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, Revtex

Surgical management of gynecomastia: Experience of a general surgery center

Aim. Gynecomastia is a common finding in male population of all ages. The aim of our study was to present our experience and goals in surgical treatment of gynecomastia. Patients and Methods. Clinical records of patients affected by gynecomastia referred to our Department of Surgery between September 2008 and January 2015 were analyzed. 50 patients were included in this study. Results. Gynecomastia was monolateral in 12 patients (24%) and bilateral in 38 (76%); idiopathic in 41 patients (82%) and secondary in 9 (18%). 39 patients (78%) underwent surgical operation under general anaesthesia, 11 (22%) under local anaesthesia. 3 patients (6%) presented recurrent disease. Webster technique was performed in 28 patients (56%), Davidson technique in 16 patients (32%); in 2 patients (4%) Pitanguy technique was performed and in 4 patients (8%) a mixed surgical technique was performed. Mean surgical time was 80.72±35.14 minutes, median postoperative stay was 1.46±0.88 days. 2 patients (4%) operated using Davidson technique developed a hematoma, 1 patient (2%) operated with the same technique developed hypertrophic scar. Conclusions. Several surgical techniques are described for surgical correction of gynecomastia. If performed by skilled general surgeons surgical treatment of gynecomastia is safe and permits to reach satisfactory aesthetic results

Gauge Independence of Limiting Cases of One-Loop Electron Dispersion Relation in High-Temperature QED

Assuming high temperature and taking subleading temperature dependence into account, gauge dependence of one-loop electron dispersion relation is investigated in massless QED at zero chemical potential. The analysis is carried out using a general linear covariant gauge. The equation governing the gauge dependence of the dispersion relation is obtained and used to prove that the dispersion relation is gauge independent in the limiting case of momenta much larger than $eT$. It is also shown that the effective mass is not influenced by the leading temperature dependence of the gauge dependent part of the effective self-energy. As a result the effective mass, which is of order $eT$, does not receive a correction of order $e^2T$ from one loop, independent of the gauge parameter.Comment: Revised and enlarged version, 14 pages, Revte

The electromagnetic vertex of neutrinos in an electron background and a magnetic field

We study the electromagnetic vertex function of a neutrino that propagates in an electron background in the presence of a static magnetic field. The structure of the vertex function under the stated conditions is determined and it is written down in terms of a minimal and complete set of tensors. The one-loop expressions for all the form factors is given, up to terms that are linear in the magnetic field, and the approximate integral formulas that hold in the long wavelength limit are obtained. We discuss the physical interpretation of some of the form factors and their relation with the concept of the neutrino induced charge. The neutrino acquires a longitudinal and a transverse charge, due to the fact that the form factors depend on the transverse and longitudinal components of the photon momentum independently. We compute those form factors explicitly in various limiting cases and find that the longitudinal and transverse charge are the same for the case of a non-relativistic electron gas, but not otherwise.Comment: 18 pages. Revtex4, axodra