Studying the Physico-edaphic and Hydraulic Conductivity of Phytoremediated Spent Oil Polluted Habitat

Several studies have recorded effect of spent lubricant oil pollution on soil properties. This study aims at evaluating the ecology of waste oil pollution and the impact of phytoremediation on soil hydraulic conductivity vis-à-vis some edaphic properties using three leguminous plants; with the objectives of performing field and laboratory study of such contamination and impact of phytoremediation on such properties as soil texture and structure, particle density, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content and total hydrocarbon content and hydraulic conductivity. Using classical and conventional methods to assess the performance of these plant species, result showed a trajectory influence across pollution levels on the soil edaphic properties culminating to decrease in hydraulic conductivity. With the impact of phytoapplication P. pterocarpum had greater particle size (87.73%) of sand, particle density of 2.61 g/cm3 with significant difference (P=0.05) than C. retusa and L. leucocephala treated soils. A significantly (P=0.05) lower bulk density (0.83 g/cm3), increased porosity (68%) and reduced organic matter content (2.65%) were recorded in P. pterocarpum treated soil. Total hydrocarbon reduction (1.8 mg/g) content and its equivalent potency of greater removal and reduction (0.43 mg/g), high efficiency of 55% and 34.40 bioaccumulation quotient and a lower crusting hazard (24.63%) of sealing with increased hydraulic conductivity (5.73 ml/s) were recorded in P. pterocarpum treated soil. By the foregoing potency P. pterocarpum could be suggested as a good biological measure in integrated environmental remediation programmes

IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PRODUCTION: CASE STUDY OF THREE WELLS IN NIGER DELTA

Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum reservoir. Its occurrence, occasioned with the release of particles, water, emulsions or scales, hitherto impairs the hydrocarbon delivery/transport system. Formation or skin damage impedes flow of fluids into the wellbore and cause low permeability, hence reducing the productivity of the wells. The production loss directly reflects the economic loss due to formation damage. In the extreme, damage may cause the Well to be uneconomic and be shut-in. The objectives of this project was to determine Stimulation Candidate for three (3) Wells in the Niger Delta Oilfield, using the R ratios, stimulate the candidate wells and make comparison between the wells with regard to the Pre-Stimulation and Post-Stimulation analysis. An analytical method was used to calculate Productivity Index, PI; Permeability, K; Skin, S; Production Rate, q, R-Ratio and Pressure Drawdown, ΔP using data from Pressure build up test in well testing analysis using Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson(MDH) method before and after acidizing treatment. From obtained results, the flowrate increased from 2000 STB/Day to 2230 STB/Day, productivity index also increased from 3.74 STB/Day/psi to 9.78 STB/Day/psi for well 1, while for well 2, flowrate increased from 1132 STB/Day to 1170 STB/Day, productivity index also increased from 0.82 STB/Day/psi to 8.34 STB/Day/psi and well 3 flowrate increased from 1500 STB/Day to 1800 STB/Day, productivity index also increased from 4.12 STB/Day/psi to 6.91 STB/Day/psi

IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PRODUCTION: CASE STUDY OF THREE WELLS IN NIGER DELTA

Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum reservoir. Its occurrence, occasioned with the release of particles, water, emulsions or scales, hitherto impairs the hydrocarbon delivery/transport system. Formation or skin damage impedes flow of fluids into the wellbore and cause low permeability, hence reducing the productivity of the wells. The production loss directly reflects the economic loss due to formation dama ge. In the extreme, damage may cause the Well to be uneconomic and be shut - in. The objectives of this project was to determine Stimulation C andidate for three (3) Wells in the Niger Delta Oilfield, using the R ratios, stimulate the candidate wells and make comparison between the wells with regard to the Pre - Stimulation and Post - Stimulation analysis. An analytical method was used to calculate Productivity Index, PI; Permeability, K; Skin, S; Production Rate, q, R - Ratio and Pressure Drawdown, ∆P using data fr om Pressure build up test in well testing analysis using Miller - Dyes - Hutchinson(MDH) method before and after acidizing treatment. From obtained results, the flowrate increased from 2000 STB/Day to 2230 STB/Day, productivity index also increased from 3.74 S TB/Day/psi to 9.78 STB/Day/psi for well 1, while for well 2, flowrate increased from 1132 STB/Day to 1170 STB/Day, productivity index also increased from 0.82 STB/Day/psi to 8.34 STB/Day/psi and well 3 flowrate increased from 1500 STB/Day to 1800 STB/Day, productivity index also increased from 4.12 STB/Day/psi to 6.91 STB/Day/psi

Self-medication with antibiotics for the treatment of menstrual symptoms in southwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics is an important factor contributing to the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics for the treatment of menstrual symptoms among university women in Southwest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to female undergraduate and graduate students (n = 706) at four universities in Southwest Nigeria in 2008. The universities were selected by convenience and the study samples within each university were randomly selected cluster samples. The survey was self-administered and included questions pertaining to menstrual symptoms, analgesic and antibiotic use patterns, and demographics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The response rate was 95.4%. Eighty-six percent (95% CI: 83-88%) of participants experienced menstrual symptoms, and 39% (95% CI: 36-43%) reported using analgesics to treat them. Overall, 24% (95% CI: 21-27%) of participants reported self-medicated use of antibiotics to treat the following menstrual symptoms: cramps, bloating, heavy bleeding, headaches, pimples/acne, moodiness, tender breasts, backache, joint and muscle pain. Factors associated with this usage were: lower levels of education (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.1, p-value: 0.03); nonscience major (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.03-2.50, p-value: 0.04); usage of analgesics (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 2.07-4.86, p-value: <0.001); and mild to extreme heavy bleeding (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.01-2.67, p-value: 0.05) and pimples/acne (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.98-2.54, p-value: 0.06). Ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were used to treat the most symptoms. Doctors or nurses (6%, 95% CI: 4-7%), friends (6%, 95% CI: 4-7%) and family members (7%, 95% CI: 5-8%) were most likely to recommend the use of antibiotics for menstrual symptoms, while these drugs were most often obtained from local chemists or pharmacists (10.2%, 95% CI: 8-12%). Conclusions: This is the first formal study to report that approximately 1 out of 4 university women surveyed in Southwest Nigeria self-medicate with antibiotics to treat menstrual symptoms. This practice could provide monthly, low-dose exposures to antibiotics among users. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impacts of selfmedication on student health

Minireview - Biotechnology, genetic conservation and sustainable use of bioresources

The loss of Africa’s forests and bioresources is occurring at an alarming rate, a consequence of increasing population pressure, agricultural land degradation, urbanization and neglect. There is a growing recognition worldwide that conservation and sustainable management of bioresources are pressing priorities in the world today. The choice of conservation methods and techniques depend on the objectives of the particular conservation effort, the breeding system and behaviour of the species in question as well as the available resources including funds, trained personnel, infrastructure and technologies. The use of biotechnological tools and “bioprospecting” will open new vistas in medicine, agriculture, silviculture, horticulture, environment and other important issues. This paper reviews some biotechnological tools that could be harnessed in promoting conservation and sustainable use of bioresources

Studying the Physico-edaphic and Hydraulic Conductivity of Phytoremediated Spent Oil Polluted Habitat

Several studies have recorded effect of spent lubricant oil pollution on soil properties. This study aims at evaluating the ecology of waste oil pollution and the impact of phytoremediation on soil hydraulic conductivity vis-à-vis some edaphic properties using three leguminous plants; with the objectives of performing field and laboratory study of such contamination and impact of phytoremediation on such properties as soil texture and structure, particle density, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content and total hydrocarbon content and hydraulic conductivity. Using classical and conventional methods to assess the performance of these plant species, result showed a trajectory influence across pollution levels on the soil edaphic properties culminating to decrease in hydraulic conductivity. With the impact of phytoapplication P. pterocarpum had greater particle size (87.73%) of sand, particle density of 2.61 g/cm3 with significant difference (P=0.05) than C. retusa and L. leucocephala treated soils. A significantly (P=0.05) lower bulk density (0.83 g/cm3), increased porosity (68%) and reduced organic matter content (2.65%) were recorded in P. pterocarpum treated soil. Total hydrocarbon reduction (1.8 mg/g) content and its equivalent potency of greater removal and reduction (0.43 mg/g), high efficiency of 55% and 34.40 bioaccumulation quotient and a lower crusting hazard (24.63%) of sealing with increased hydraulic conductivity (5.73 ml/s) were recorded in P. pterocarpum treated soil. By the foregoing potency P. pterocarpum could be suggested as a good biological measure in integrated environmental remediation programmes