Specificity of physical development and physical preparation of schoolchildren of Orenburg and Aktobe cities

The article describes the opinion of teachers of physical culture of the cities of Orenburg and Aktobe on the factors that determine the level of physical fitness and physical development of schoolchildren. Relatively reduced quantitative values of their teachers of Aktobe are shown. Among the factors determining the level of physical fitness and physical development of schoolchildren, teachers identified the material base, lack of organization of special medical groups, inconsistency of physical development with the passport age, undue development of independent work programs, homework to improve schoolchildren’s physical fitness, low motivation and indifference of parents. The lag of Aktobe schoolchildren from their peers from Orenburg in the development of speed, speed-strength qualities, body length, vital index, arterial pressure was revealed. Ways of improving the physical fitness of schoolchildren are presented, namely, recommendations on the development of independent work programs, homework assignments, work with parents, a set of exercises for the development of lagging physical qualities, respiratory muscles. The contribution of the article to world science are: data on the physical development and physical fitness of schoolchildren of Orenburg and Aktobe compared with similar data from the 90s of the last century; information about the opinion of teachers of physical culture on the factors that determine the level of physical fitness and physical development of schoolchildren; recommendations to teachers of physical culture to optimize the physical training of schoolchildren

A low diversity shallow water lingulid brachiopod-gastropod association from the Upper Ordovician of Kyrgyz Range

A low diversity association made up of the lingulid Tunisiglossa almalensis Popov and Mambetov, sp. nov. and the gastropod Ptychonema agyris Ebbestad, sp. nov. is described from the Upper Member of the Almaly Formation at Kyrgyz Range, North Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan. The specimens co−occur in dense coquinas, made up of different sized individuals, deposited in a shallow water, intertidal, and storm driven depositional environment. The lingulid shells display a completely reduced dorsal pseudointerarea typical of Glossellinae, and the smooth shell lacking fine external granulation, radial or pitted ornament, a small ventral pseudointerarea, and no dorsal median ridge place it in the hitherto monotypic Tunisiglossa known previously only from the Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian) Sanrhar Formation of Libya. It compares with Ectenoglossa sorbulakensis that is widespread in the lower to middle Caradocian Anderken Formation of Chu−Ili Range in southern Kazakhstan. Gastropods of this age have not been reported earlier in Kyrgyzstan; neither can Ptychonema be compare with any taxon in the gastropod association earlier described from the contemporary Anderken Formation in Kazakhstan. Ptychonema is otherwise commonly associated with peri−Gondwana terranes, but the Late Ordovician dispersal pattern of the genus is unknown. Overall, however, the Upper Ordovician faunas of North Tien Shan show close similarities to contemporaneous faunas of the Chu−Ili terrane, which have strong biogeographic signatures linking them to the faunas of South and North China