38 research outputs found

    Alternative Models of Universities of the Future: On the Book «Alternative Universities: Speculative Design for Innovation in Higher Education» by David J. Staley (Baltimore, USA : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019)

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    Дэвид Стэйли, директор Института гуманитарных наук Университета Огайо, историк и футуролог, обобщая свои идеи относительно возможных путей развития высшего образования, предлагает всем заинтересованным погрузиться в альтернативные миры будущего, где образование трансформировалось весьма радикальным образом, а университеты обрели новые модели, протоформаты которых мы можем обнаружить в сегодняшнем дне. В своем историческом воображении, перенаправленном из прошлого в будущее, Стэйли описывает: 1) Университет-платформу, аналог супермаркета; 2) систему микроколледжей, базирующихся на авторитете центральных профессоров; 3) Гуманитарный аналитический центр, давший новую роль представителям социогуманитарных наук; 4) Университет номадов, располагающийся везде и нигде одновременно; 5) Колледж свободных искусств, радикально развивающий идеи liberal arts; 6) Интерфейсный университет, выстроенный на взаимодействии человеческого и искусственного интеллектов; 7) Университет тела, позволяющий обрабатывать информацию всеми органами чувств; 8) Институт продвинутой игры, делающий ставку на игру, воображение и построение альтернативных миров; 9) Университет полиматов, сочетающий обучение одновременно трем разным специальностям и формирующий разные типы мышления; 10) Университет будущего, обучающий чистой и прикладной футурологии. Книга опубликована в 2019 году и аккумулирует в себе все передовые идеи в области путей развития высшего образования, что делает ее чрезвычайно актуальной в эпоху активных реформ в этой сфере.David Staley, Director of the Humanities Institute at Ohio State University, historian and futurologist, summarizes his ideas about the possible paths to the development of higher education. He invites everyone interested to immerse into alternative worlds of the future, where education transforms in quite a radical way after the universities having acquired new models, whose prototypes we can find in today’s reality. Using his historical imagination, redirected from the past to the future, Staley describes 1) Platform University, an analogue of a supermarket; 2) a system of Microcolleges based on the authority of central professors; 3) the Humanities Think Tank, giving a new role to the social sciences and humanities; 4) Nomad University, located everywhere and nowhere at the same time; 5) the Liberal Arts College, radically developing the ideas of liberal arts; 6) Interface University, built on the interaction of human and artificial intelligence; 7) the University of the Body, aiming to promote information processing by all human senses; 8) the Institute for Advanced Play, which relies on games, imagination, and the construction of alternative worlds; 9) Polymath University, which implies mastering three different specialties at a time and forms different types of thinking; 10) Future University, teaching both pure and applied futurology. The book was published in 2019 and accumulated all the advanced ideas in the sphere of higher education development paths, which makes it extremely relevant in the era of active reforms in this field.Результаты были получены в рамках выполнения работы по гранту Российского научного фонда, проект № 19-18-00485 «Человеческое измерение трансформационных процессов в российских университетах: исторический опыт, тенденции и ответы на вызовы современности».The results were obtained in the framework of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation, project No 19-18-00485 «The human dimension of the transformation processes of Russian universities: historical experience, trends and responses to the contemporary challenges»

    Advanced Technologies Transforming Modern Education: Review of the Conference EdCrunch Tomsk 2020

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    Данная статья представляет собой обзор международной конференции по передовым технологиям обучения EdCrunch Томск 2020. Ключевая идея конференции – выявление и обсуждение технологий, трансформирующих ландшафт современного образования, а также условий, обеспечивающих их эффективность при решении актуальных задач современного общества на этапе перехода к индивидуализированному, студентоцентрированному, распределенному, доступному образованию. В обзоре представлены идеи и выводы, касающиеся смены образовательной парадигмы в цифровую эпоху, сформулированные в результате работы секций конференции, посвященных педагогическому дизайну и цифровой педагогике; непрерывному образованию и хьютагогике; экспериментальному образовательному дизайну; futures-грамотности. Рассматриваются стратегии развития таких передовых технологий обучения, как виртуальная и дополненная реальность, открытые образовательные ресурсы, платформенные решения, адаптивные технологии. В области новых возможностей управления образованием по материалам площадок конференции обсуждаются вызовы и возможности высшего образования в условиях пандемии и после нее, новые технологические решения для управления образованием и барьеры для их внедрения, новые цифровые возможности библиотек. Уделено внимание вопросам подготовки кадров для цифровой экономики и сферы искусственного интеллекта. В качестве сквозных для конференции тем показан рост спроса на коллаборации и сети в сфере образования и науки; дефицит «мягких» навыков (soft skills) и возможностей их формирования у студентов в рамках традиционного образования; недостаточность проработки нормативно-правовой базы в области применения передовых технологий в образовании; принципиальное отсутствие общих решений и необходимость для учреждений сферы образования быть гибкими и сфокусированными при переходе «на цифру».The author reviews the international conference EdCrunch Tomsk 2020 on advanced learning technologies. The key idea of the conference is to identify and discuss technologies that are transforming the landscape of modern education, as well as the conditions that ensure their effectiveness when solving urgent problems of modern society at the stage of transition to an individualized, student-centered, distributed, accessible education. The review presents ideas and conclusions formulated at the conference which regard the change of the educational paradigm in the digital era. The sections of the conference focus on pedagogical design and digital pedagogy; continuing education and heutagogy; experimental educational design; futures literacy. There are considered development strategies of such advanced learning technologies as virtual and augmented reality, open educational resources, platform solutions, and adaptive technologies. Within the new opportunities for education management, based on the materials of the conference, the challenges and opportunities of higher education are discussed in the context of the pandemic and after it, as well as new technological solutions for education management and barriers to their implementation, new digital capabilities of libraries. Peculiar attention is paid to digital economy personnel training and to the sphere of artificial intelligence. The cross-cutting topics of the conference are as follows: the growth of demand for collaborations and networks in the field of education and science; lacking «soft» skills and opportunities for their formation among students within the framework of traditional education; insufficient legislation for advanced technologies application; the fundamental lack of common solutions and the need for institutions to be flexible and focused when «switching» to digital education.Автор выражает благодарность участникам финального пленума Международной конференции по передовым технологиям обучения EdCrunch Томск 2020, материалы которого легли в основу данного обзора.The author expresses gratitude to the participants of the final plenum of the EdCrunch Tomsk 2020 conference, its materials having formed the basis of this review

    Transformation of the Personnel Policy of Russian Universities Participating in Project 5-100: The Case of National Research Nuclear University Mephi

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    The article examines the development of personnel policy and human resource management (HRM) in Russian universities under the influence of the Project 5-100. Globalization has intensified the processes of universities corporatization and the spread of effective management practices. National academic excellence programs have contributed to strengthening the performance-based governance in universities all over the world. These factors had deeply influenced the transformation of HRM practices at universities. Russian studies in this field are shown as fragmented, focusing on narrow aspects, and not forming a holistic picture of the HRM system transformation in Russian universities. This work aims to describe a holistic case of personnel policy and HRM system development in one of the leading Russian universities – the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute).The research applied the method of semi-formalized interviews and covered 25 employees of MEPhI. Four interview guides were developed for different categories of employees (top management, middle management, academics, teachers), including more than 25 questions, focusing on employees’ perception of different components of the HRM system at the university. The study showed that the HRM system at MEPhI was significantly transformed under the influence of the Project 5-100: the personnel policy was formalized in high-level strategic documents; the processes of recruitment and selection of foreign employees have been rebuilt; the considerable increase in the number of foreign employees was reached; global partners began to play an important role; a comfortable environment for the implementation of initiatives was created and opportunities for professional development were provided. A significant part of these changes is connected, directly or indirectly, with the university’s participation in the Project 5-100. In general, this points to its positive impact on personnel policy and the HRM system at the university. The results obtained can be used as a basis for formulating recommendations for improving the personnel policy and HRM system in Russian universities as an important component of the management system as a whole

    Challenges in Designing Blended Learning: the Experience of the “Schools of Instructional Design”

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    The concept of “blended learning” has been widely discussed in Russian higher education. However, there are different interpretations of the concept and its status is not completely clear in the Russian regulatory environment. Although the effectiveness of this mode of education has been repeatedly recognised, systematic measures for the introduction of blended learning by universities are not being implemented. One of the factors for the success of such an implementation is the high-quality instructional design for blended learning. Difficulties in instructional design use can lead to the abandonment of blended learning or the adoption of less efficient practices. This paper explores the challenges faced by representatives of Russian universities involved in designing and teaching courses in a blended mode during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in the study is an online survey which was conducted in 2020-2021. The respondents were participants in the professional development program “School of Instructional Design for Blended Learning”. The results of the study showed that the respondents’ professional deficits in the design of blended courses were associated with the development of new ways of designing and teaching, growth of the course quality and student-centeredness, and more efficient allocation of time resources and use of online tools. The development stage, which involves the creation or updating of digital learning resources, turned out to be the most challenging for designing. Most respondents used LMS but were not satisfied with the quality of its application; also, the majority faced the problem of retaining student engagement in blended learning. The respondents would like to improve their formative and summative assessment practices and strengthen the course quality assessment practices. Commitment to overcome the identified difficulties can contribute to the creation of more effective practice-oriented professional development programs on teaching the blended learning design for educators, instructional designers and academic advisors in Russian higher education, leading to an increase in its quality

    Interactive Intellectual Games in the Profile of Use of Psychoactive Substances

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    В статье кратко анализируются результаты социологического исследования «Склонность к зависимому поведению в молодежной среде». Также в статье рассматривается интерактивная интеллектуальная игра «А ты в курсе?» как технология, используемая в профилактике употребления психоактивных веществ.The article briefly analyzes the results of the sociological research “Propensity for addictive behavior in the youth environment”. The article also discusses the interactive intellectual game “Are you in a class?” as a technology used in the prevention of psychoactive substance use

    Interactive Technology in Preventive Work with Young People

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    В статье рассматриваются специальные профилактические программы, применяемые в работе с молодежью. Отмечаются специфические характеристики профилактических программ при работе с молодежью. Дается представление об интерактивных технологиях в профилактической работе и конкретное описание игры как формы интерактивной профилактической работы.The article discusses special prevention programs used in working with young people. Specific characteristics of prevention programs when working with young people are noted. It gives an idea of interactive technologies in preventive work and a specific description of the game as a form of interactive preventive work

    Understanding the Process of Decision-Making in Universities in a VUCA-World

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    Принятие решений в институтах высшего образования реализуется в условиях VUCA-мира: нестабильности, неопределенности, сложности, неоднозначности, являющимися значимыми контекстами современной социокультурной и организационной реальности. Данная статья представляет собой кейс-исследование процесса проектирования и открытия новой образовательной программы в одном российском университете, представленного в виде цепи взаимосвязанных решений, анализ которых выявляет и объясняет специфику принятия управленческих решений в современных университетах. Исследование опирается на смешанные методы, включающие: пять глубинных интервью с наиболее важными стейкхолдерами; включенное наблюдение за этапами развития ситуации; интервью с остальными стейкхолдерами; анализ государственных регулирующих документов и стандартов; анализа университетских регулирующих документов и стандартов. Кейс был проанализирован с использованием теории ограниченной рациональности, теории организационной анархии; идей распределения власти и влияния в организациях; концепции избегания риска при принятии решений. Анализ кейса выявил наличие размытости границ власти вовлеченных сторон, неопределенность «правил игры», исключение некоторых важных заинтересованных сторон из процесса принятия решений, частичный недостаток опыта и экспертизы в новых ситуациях принятия решений, неоднозначность ряда востребованных организационных процедур. Представлен ряд стратегий, способных потенциально редуцировать уровень неопределенности и повысить качество принимаемых решений в университетах. К ним относятся: декомпозиция проблемной ситуации, применение техник анализа сложных решений, повышение роли участия и вовлеченности, управление распределением потоков информации, недопущение феномена группового мышления. Предложены меры по организации политических переговоров, повышению качества коммуникации, применению принципов самообучающейся организации. Статья содержит новый и мало представленный в российской научной литературе анализ теории и практики принятия управленческих решений, описанные стратегии призваны помочь формированию оснований для наиболее зрелых управленческих решений в университетском контексте.Making decisions in higher education institutions is realized in the context of the VUCA-world – that is, in the conditions of instability, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, which are significant markers of today’s social, cultural, and organizational reality. The article is a case study of designing and implementing a new educational program in one Russian university. The analysis is shaped in a chain of interconnected decisions revealing the specifics of management decisions in modern universities. The study is based on mixed research methods, including five in-depth interviews with the most important actors involved; observation of the situation development stages; interviews with other actors involved; analysis of state regulatory documents and standards; analysis of university regulatory documents and standards. The case is studied via organized anarchy theory, power and authority in organization theory, risk avoidance and bounded rationality perspectives were used. The analysis of the case has identified the involved parties’ power boundaries blurring, the uncertainty of the «game rules», the exclusion of some important stakeholders from the decision-making process, the experience and expertise partially lacking in new decision-making situations, the ambiguity of several demanded organizational procedures. There are presented a number of strategies that can potentially reduce the level of uncertainty and improve the quality of decisions taken at universities. These include decomposing a problem situation, using techniques for analyzing complex decisions, increasing the role of participation and involvement, managing the distribution of information flows, preventing the phenomenon of group thinking. The article proposes measures of organizing political negotiations, improving the quality of communication, applying the principles of self-learning organization. The article contains a new and weakly presented in Russian scientific literature analysis of the theory and practice of decision-making management. The described strategies are designed to create solid background for mostly mature management decisions in universities.Публикация подготовлена при поддержке гранта РФФИ 18‑013‑01125 А «Модель управления научно-образовательной деятельностью в классическом исследовательском университете (магистратура)»

    Three Approaches to Blended Learning and Different Levels of "Blending"

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    В статье обсуждается вопрос эффективности смешанного обучения, утверждается, что такой тип обучения более эффективен, чем чистое онлайн-обучение или исключительно очное обучение без применения ИКТ. Рассматриваются подходы к определению смешанного обучения, показывается, что они включают такие существенные характеристики, как основанность процесса на педагогике, смешение очных и онлайн-компонентов, последовательность сочетания, продуманность интеграции. Показана ключевая роль педагогического дизайна как методологии достижения высокого качества смешанности обучения. Описаны низкий, средний и высокий уровни смешанности обучения.The article discusses the effectiveness of blended learning and argues that this type of learning is more effective than pure online learning or face-to-face learing without the use of ICT. Approaches to the definition of blended learning are considered; they include such essential characteristics as pedagogy at the basis of all the processes, blending face-to-face and online components, consistency and thoughtfulness of integration. The key role of instructional design as a methodology for achieving high quality blended learning is revealed. Low-, medium- and high-impact blends are described

    Development of Students` Universal Competencies with Microlearning: the Case of Tomsk State University

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    В статье представлены подходы к пониманию универсальных компетентностей (soft skills), описан проект «Академия лидерства» по созданию библиотеки микрокурсов на платформе LMS Moodle Томского государственного университета по развитию универсальных компетентностей студентов. Приведен перечень желаемых универсальных компетентностей (список тем микрокурсов), даны характеристики обучения в микроформате, его принципы. Описаны шаги по внедрению данного проекта в образовательное пространство университета в рамках тренда индивидуализации образования.The article discusses approaches to understanding universal competencies (soft skills) and presents the «Leadership Academy» project at Tomsk State University - a library of students' universal competencies development microcourses in LMS Moodle. The paper lists vital universal competencies (a list of topics for microcourses) and explores microlearning and its principles. The project implementation steps are described within the trend of individualization of education

    Organizational conflicts during universities transformation: Destruam et aedificabo

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    Introduction. The authors tackle the topical problem of assessing the conflict level between subidentical groups: “management academics” (professors and lectures staff) and “academic managers” (administrative managing staff). The aim of the paper is to construct a new method of quantitative assessment of the conflict level between professional groups generated by the organizational culture; to study the dynamics of the change in the conflict level between professional and age-based cohorts existing in Russian universities. Materials and Methods. In this study, the conflict level is defined as a difference of common cultural vectors found for each of target age-groups, demonstrating generations' behavioral features and their professional competence, set up as the result of analysis of expert assessments with the help of organizational culture methods developed by the Organizational Cultural Assessment Instrument of K. Сameron and R. Quinn. Empirical data are taken from sociological research involving 384 respondents from 18 universities representing 12 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. It is shown that activity of the considered target bunches is under significant influence of hierarchical (bureaucratic) organizational culture. This objective circumstance of proceeding transformation processes forms the basis for fragmentation of existing academic identity into those intra-university bunches which are combined both in terms of valuable patterns of generations and patterns formed under the influence of social and economic conditions. Interference of various age-grade valuable patterns under permanent current transformation invokes escalation of strife, its minimum level is reached in identical age-grades of professors and lectures staff (“management academics”) and administrative managing staff (“academic managers”). A certain influence on the level of conflicts between the target groups under consideration is produced by the degree of goals adequacy and objectives of the university available resources (competence, material, technical, and financial base). Discussion and Conclusion. The novelty of the conducted research lies in consideration of conflict problems in universities arisen from the increasing differentiation of general cultural vectors of university communities. Complex, sustainable and reproducible nature of this social phenomenon, linking together both value and behavioral aspects of university communities, requires a transformation of research tactics. The research materials might be useful in practical work of heads of universities as scientific and methodological recommendations for the study and prediction of conflict processes in universities. © 2019 National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations, RFFI18-411-130018р_а, 8.1.53.2018Funding: The authors received the support of the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Research and the Government of the Republic of Mordovia within the framework of Project 18-411-130018р_а “The organizational culture of industrial enterprises of the Republic of Mordovia (at the example of the innovative and industrial clusters)”; the article also relies on results obtained in the course of Project No. 8.1.53.2018 within the framework of the Program for Boosting Competitiveness of National Research Tomsk State University
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