Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia Menetapkan Harga Patokan Ekspor Produk Kakao Dari Indonesia Ke Tiongkok Tahun 2012-2015

This research describe the policy of Government of Indonesia implemented export constant price for cocoa product from Indonesia to China in 2012-2015. Indonesia are one of most countries that have production of cocoa between Pantai Gading, Ghana and Brazilia. China are one of country that be a export purpose cocoa product from Indonesia. But in 2010 China have create a protection policy with increase the tax for cocoa export from Indonesia and it\u27s make disadvantage for Indonesia.The research method used was a qualitative with descriptive as a technic of the research. Writer collects data from books, encyclopedia, journal, mass media and websites to analyze the policy of Government of Indonesia implemented export constant price for cocoa product from Indonesia to China. The theories applied in this research are merchantilism with the foreign policy theory from Viotti Kaupi.The result shows that the policy of Government of Indonesia implemented export constant price for cocoa product from Indonesia to China are becaused trade protection from China with implemented custom tariff 10% for cocoa product from Indonesia and 0% for the other countries likes Malaysia, Thailand and etc. The policy of Government of Indonesia implemented export constant price for cocoa product from Indonesia to China are by Trade minister regulations Number 21/M/DAG/PER/5/2010 about constant price for ex customin standart proce for cocoa products

Factory-Built Housing in Indonesia: Current Practice and Future Challenges

. Recent earthquake and tsunami in Aceh and North Sumatra has left Indonesia big responsibility in fulfilling housing need for people who lost their homes after this calamity. Use of mass-produced, factory-built systems for housing construction is technology that can be used as a solution to this problem. Factory-built housing can be defined as houses that are partly or all constructed in factory environment, then are transported and erected/assembled at permanent site. This paper is a summary of recent practices and potential development of factorybuilt housing in Indonesia by considering several Indonesian National Standard (SNI) which available. The aim of this paper is to explain the possibility of factory-built housing technology in Indonesia. The study synthesises information collected from review and analysis of trade and scientific literatures, a series of site visits to factorybuilt housing companies in industrialized countries; and discussions with academic institutions and building regulators in Indonesia. Definitions and types of factory-built systems are presented first followed by discussion of practical, regulatory, standards, and scientific issues applicable in Indonesia. Findings are identified as potential research needs in factory-built housing

Pendeteksian Gerakan Menggunakan Transduser Ultrasound Dengan Metoda Pembandingan Pola Gema

Pada tulisan ini kami mengusulkan metoda pendeteksi gerakan. Pendeteksian dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan dua buah pola gema dalam interval waktu tertentu dan jeda antara pola gema. Perbedaan pola gema menunjukkan terjadinya gerakan dari benda-benda di area deteksi sensor. Dengan metoda pembandingan ini, sensor menjadi sensitif terhadap gerakan atau Perubahan posisi setiap objek yang berada disekitarnya. Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa sensor ini secara khusus lebih sensitif dibandingkan sensor PIR dalam mendeteksi gerakan-gerakan kecil. Pada prakteknya metoda ini telah mampu mendeteksi beberapa gerakan tubuh manusia seperti: dari mulai berjalan; duduk; berbicara; hingga gerak respirasi tubuh

Pengaruh Rasio C/n Berbeda Terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan Dan Pertumbuhan Benih Lele (Clarias SP.) Dalam Media Bioflok

Intensifikasi budidaya lele dapat memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan lingkungan. Teknologi bioflok merupakan salah satu pemecah masalah lingkungan dan dapat meningkatkan produksi budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan sistem bioflok dengan rasio C/N berbeda terhadap rasio konversi pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan lele, menentukan jenis rasio C/N yang menghasilkan rasio konversi pakan dan pertumbuhan lele terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah penambahan karbon tapioca dalam media bioflok dengan rasio A C/N 12 (tapioka), B C/N 18 (tapioka), dan C C/N 24 (tapioka). Hewan uji menggunakan benih lele dengan bobot rata-rata individu sebesar 7,16±0,36 g. Lele dipelihara pada ember berdiameter 60 cm dengan volume 10 L selama 42 hari dan pemberian pakan 5% dari berat biomassa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh rasio C/N berbeda terhadap rasio konversi pakan dan pertumbuhan benih lele (Clarias sp.) tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap rasio konversi pakan (Clarias sp.) dalam media bioflok. Penggunaan C/N ratio yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan dan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan lele (Clarias sp.) dalam media bioflok, rasio C/N yang terbaik menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan rasio konversi pakan yaitu C/N 24, dibandingkan dengan C/N 12 dan C/N 18. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik yang dicapai pada perlakuan A, B, dan C berturut-turut adalah 2,20; 2,38; dan 2,58%/hari. Nilai FCR yang dicapai adalah 1,16; 1,12; dan 1,06. Nilai kelulushidupan lele berkisar antara 83-86,7%. Dan total konsumsi pakan sebesar 11,60;11,62; dan 11,18 g. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pengaruh rasio C/N berbeda terhadap penambahan karbon tapioka dalam media bioflok dapat meningkatkan biomassa sel bakteri yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan tambahan bernutrisi. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa rasio C/N yang berbeda tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap rasio konversi pakan dan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan lele dalam media bioflok. Intensification of catfish cultivation can give negative effects to the health of environment. Biofloc technology is one of the way to solve the environment problems and can increase cultivation production. This research aim to evaluate the of biofloc system with ratio C/N different with the ratio of catfish food convertion, different with growth and catfish survival; determine the ratio type C/N that resulting in food ratio convertion and growth of the best catfish. This research uses Complete Random Desaign (CRD) with 3 treatment and 3 repetition. The treatment that is tested is by adding carbon tapioca in the biofloc medium with ratio A C/N 12 (tapioca), B C/N 18 (tapioca). And C C/N 24 (tapioca). Animals trial uses catfish seeds with weight aproximately per individu 7.16 ± 0.36. Catfish cultivates in buckets with diameter 60 cm and volume 10 liter for 42 days and feeding with 5 % from their biomass. The result of this research shows that the effect of ratio C/N is different with feed convertion ratio and the growth of catfish seeds (Clarias sp.) doesn't any effects (P > 0.05) on food convertion ratio (Clarias sp.) in biofloc medium. The ussing C/N ratio that is different gives the real effects (P < 0.05) towards the catfish survival (Clarias sp.) in the biofloc medium, C/N ratio that gives the best resulting on the growth and food convertion ratio is C/N 24, compared with C/N 12 and C/N 18. The specific growth rate that are achieved on A, B, and C treatments is 2.20 ; 2.38 ; and 2.58 % /day. The FCR value that is achieved 1.16 ; 1.12; and 1.06. The catfish survival value aproximately between 83-86,7 % and the total feeding consumtion is 11.60 ; 11.62 ; and 11.18 g. This reseacrh proves that adding the tapioca carbon in by biofloc medium can increase the biomass bacteria cells that can be used as nourishing additional food. This study proves that the C / N ratio was not different significant effect (P> 0.05) on feed conversion ratio and significantly (P <0.05) on the growth of catfish in biofloc medium

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Animasi Videoscribe Pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi Materi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Indonesia

This research is a research that aims to develop an animated learning media Videoscribe on Natural Resources Management material. Videoscribe is one of the most effective tools to use to make complex concepts more interesting and fun. The research method is the ADDIE method. The ADDIE model is a learning design/model that can facilitate students in developing the scientific process, is flexible. The location of the research is carried out at SMA Negeri 1biluhu. Data collection methods are observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation. This study uses two types of data, namely quantitative data and qualitative data. This learning media was tested on a limited basis to the number of students 26 students from a total of 63 students in SMA Class XI Social Sciences using a questionnaire. The data collected is in the form of research results regarding the quality of learning media as well as suggestions for product revision. The validation results from material experts show that the media validation value given by validator 1 or material / content expert with a very valid category is 92%, validator II or product design expert provides a valid assessment of 79% while validator III or subject matter expert in this case is a teacher of geography lessons to give an assessment with a very valid category that is equal to 100%. The average student response to learning media is 87%..This research is a research that aims to develop an animated learning media Videoscribe on Natural Resources Management material. Videoscribe is one of the most effective tools to use to make complex concepts more interesting and fun. The research method is the ADDIE method. The ADDIE model is a learning design/model that can facilitate students in developing the scientific process, is flexible. The location of the research is carried out at SMA Negeri 1biluhu. Data collection methods are observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation. This study uses two types of data, namely quantitative data and qualitative data. This learning media was tested on a limited basis to the number of students 26 students from a total of 63 students in SMA Class XI Social Sciences using a questionnaire. The data collected is in the form of research results regarding the quality of learning media as well as suggestions for product revision. The validation results from material experts show that the media validation value given by validator 1 or material / content expert with a very valid category is 92%, validator II or product design expert provides a valid assessment of 79% while validator III or subject matter expert in this case is a teacher of geography lessons to give an assessment with a very valid category that is equal to 100%. The average student response to learning media is 87%.

Pengaruh Insentif Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) ULP. Telaga Gorontalo

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari insentif karyawan (X) terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan (Y). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Telaga Gorontalo. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan random sampling. Uji instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas, kemudian data diproses menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner kepada karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Telaga Gorontalo sebanyak 58 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Insentif berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Telaga Gorontalo. Koefisien determinasi atau angka R Square menunjukan besarnya pengaruh insentif terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan sebesar 88,9% Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian ini dapat diterima dan teruji kebenarannya

Analisis Potensi Pengembangan Agribisnis Sapi Perah di Kecamatan Ungaran Barat Kabupaten Semarang

This study aim to determine the potential of dairy cattle agribusiness development in the District of Ungaran Barat, Semarang regency. This study uses survey. The sampling method is determined by the method of quota random sampling. A total of 81 farmers in the sample is obtained by using the formula of Slovin. The data is taken from the primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from observations and interviews based on the questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from the records of the Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Semarang regency, Central Bureau of Statistics and the Office of the District of Ungaran Barat. Analysis of the data used in the study is the analysis by looking at the Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) to determine the potential for development of dairy agribusiness. The results showed a SWOT analysis for the calculation of the total score obtained 3,421 internal factors and external total score of 3,520 and is located in the matrix I which showed growth. Growth matrix indicates the carrying capacity of internal and external factors in the District of Ungaran Barat very supportive to the development of dairy cattle agribusiness. Based on the results of this study concluded that dairy cattle agribusiness in the District of Ungaran Barat Semarang Regency potential to be developed

Pengaruh C/n Ratio Berbeda Terhadap Efesiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan Dan Pertumbuhan Udang Windu(penaeusmonodon) Pada Media Bioflok

Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas yang di andalkan dalam peningkatan devisa negara dari sektor non migas. Udang mampu berkembang dengan pesat bila dibudidayakan secara baik, terpenuhi segala kebutuhan hidupnya dan tidak ada gangguan lingkungan. Pakan merupakan komponen budidaya yang menyerap biaya paling besar sampai 80%. Teknologi bioflok merupakan salah satu alternatif penyediaan pakan tambahan berprotein untuk kultivan sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan sistem bioflok dengan sumber C/N yang berbeda terhadap efisiensi pakan dan pertumbuhan udang windu dan mengetahui ratio C/N yang menghasilkan efisiensi pakan dan pertumbuhan udang windu yang terbaik. Parameter variable bebas yang dikaji meliputi pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), tingkat konsumsi pakan (TKP), efesiensi pemanfaatan pakan (EPP) dan kelulushidupan (SR). Rancangan percobaan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, yaitu perlakuan A (C/N ratio 12), perlakuan B (C/N ratio 18), dan perlakuan C (C/N ratio 24). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah karbon yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian dan efesiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan (SR). Ratio C/N yang memberikan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan terbaik adalah 24, dengan nilai SGR 1,08±0,079%; EPP 72,32±6,17g; TKP 39,27±1,58; SR 90,00±10,00 dan kualitas air masih dalam kisaran layak untuk kehidupan udang windu (Penaeus monodon). Shrimp is one commodity in the count in an increase in national income of the non-oil sector. Shrimp able to thrive if cultivated properly, meet all the needs of life and no environmental interference. Feed an cultivating components that absorb the greatest costs up to 80%. Bioflok technology is an alternative to the provision of additional food protein kultivan so as to improve growth and feed effeciency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of the system with the source bioflok C/N is different to the feed effeciency and growth of balck tiger shrimp and determine the ratio C/N which produces feed effeciency and growth of tiger shrimp are best. Free variabel parameters studied include the absolute growth, specific growth rate (SGR), the level of feed intake (TKP), effeciency of feed utilization (EPP), survival rate (SR). Parameters of this study supports using a completely randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatments and 3 replications, namely treatment A (C/N ratio 12), treatment B (C/N ratio 18), and treatment C (C/N ratio 24). The results showed that the number of different carbon gives significant influence (P<0,01) the daily growth rate and effeciency of feed utilization and not significant effect (P>0,05) to survival rate (SR). Ratio C/N which gives the best growth and feed effeciency was 24, with a value of SGR 1,08±0,079%; EPP 72,32±6,17g; TKP 39,27±1,58; SR 90,00±10,00 and the water quality is still within the range for a decent life tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

On automatic class insertion with overloading

Also published in Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (OOPSLA)International audienceSeveral algorithms [Cas92, MS89, Run92, DDHL94a, DDHL95, GMM95] have been proposed to automatically insert a class into an inheritance hierarchy. But actual hierarchies all include overriden and overloaded properties that these algorithms handle either very partially or not at all. Partially handled means handled provided there is a separate given function f able to compare overloaded properties [DDHL95, GMM95].In this paper, we describe a new version of our algorithm (named Ares) which handles automatic class insertion more efficiently using such a function f. Although impossible to fully define, this function can be computed for a number of well defined cases of overloading and overriding. We give a classification of such cases and describe the computation process for a well-defined set of nontrivial cases.The algorithm preserves these important properties:- preservation of the maximal factorization of properties- preservation of the underlying structure (Galois lattice) of the input hierarchy- conservation of relevant classes of the input hierarchy with their properties