194,778 research outputs found
Temperature Fluctuations driven by Magnetorotational Instability in Protoplanetary Disks
The magnetorotational instability (MRI) drives magnetized turbulence in
sufficiently ionized regions of protoplanetary disks, leading to mass
accretion. The dissipation of the potential energy associated with this
accretion determines the thermal structure of accreting regions. Until
recently, the heating from the turbulence has only been treated in an
azimuthally averaged sense, neglecting local fluctuations. However, magnetized
turbulence dissipates its energy intermittently in current sheet structures. We
study this intermittent energy dissipation using high resolution numerical
models including a treatment of radiative thermal diffusion in an optically
thick regime. Our models predict that these turbulent current sheets drive
order unity temperature variations even where the MRI is damped strongly by
Ohmic resistivity. This implies that the current sheet structures where energy
dissipation occurs must be well resolved to correctly capture the flow
structure in numerical models. Higher resolutions are required to resolve
energy dissipation than to resolve the magnetic field strength or accretion
stresses. The temperature variations are large enough to have major
consequences for mineral formation in disks, including melting chondrules,
remelting calcium-aluminum rich inclusions, and annealing silicates; and may
drive hysteresis: current sheets in MRI active regions could be significantly
more conductive than the remainder of the disk.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, ApJ In Press, updated to match proof
Zirconium carbide as an electrocatalyst for the chromous-chromic redox couple
Zirconium carbide is used as a catalyst in a REDOX cell for the oxidation of chromous ions to chromic ions and for the reduction of chromic ions to chromous ions. The zirconium carbide is coated on an inert electronically conductive electrode which is present in the anode fluid of the cell
Perturbative calculation of the scaled factorial moments in second-order quark-hadron phase transition within the Ginzburg-Landau description
The scaled factorial moments are studied for a second-order
quark-hadron phase transition within the Ginzburg-Landau description. The role
played by the ground state of the system under low temperature is emphasized.
After a local shift of the order parameter the fluctuations are around the
ground state, and a perturbative calculation for can be carried out.
Power scaling between 's is shown, and a universal scaling exponent
is given for the case with weak correlations and weak
self-interactions.Comment: 12 pages in RevTeX, 12 eps figure
Energy and Momentum Distributions of a (2+1)-dimensional black hole background
Using Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Papapetrou and Weinberg energy-momentum
complexes we explicitly evaluate the energy and momentum distributions
associated with a non-static and circularly symmetric three-dimensional
spacetime. The gravitational background under study is an exact solution of the
Einstein's equations in the presence of a cosmological constant and a null
fluid. It can be regarded as the three-dimensional analogue of the Vaidya
metric and represents a non-static spinless (2+1)-dimensional black hole with
an outflux of null radiation. All four above-mentioned prescriptions give
exactly the same energy and momentum distributions for the specific black hole
background. Therefore, the results obtained here provide evidence in support of
the claim that for a given gravitational background, different energy-momentum
complexes can give identical results in three dimensions. Furthermore, in the
limit of zero cosmological constant the results presented here reproduce the
results obtained by Virbhadra who utilized the Landau-Lifshitz energy-momentum
complex for the same (2+1)-dimensional black hole background in the absence of
a cosmological constant.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, v3: references added, to appear in Int.J.Mod.Phys.
Nd-complex-doped polymer channel waveguide laser
Laser operation at 1060 nm with slope efficiency of 0.95% and 440 ÎŒW output power for 2% outcoupling was demonstrated in Nd-complex-doped FDA/epoxy channel waveguides, in what to our knowledge is the first report of a rare-earth-ion-doped polymer waveguide laser. The threshold was 45 mW of absorbed pump power
Continuous-wave Lasers in Polymer waveguides
Channel waveguides based on a polymer, 6-fluorinated-dianhydride/epoxy, which is actively doped with a rare-earth-ion-doped complex, Nd(thenoyltrifluoroacetone)3 1,10-phenanthroline, have been fabricated. Photoluminescence peaks at 880 nm, 1060 nm, and 1330 nm have been experimentally observed. By optimization of the fabrication\ud
procedure of both, host material and optical structure, continuous-wave laser operation on both, the four-level and quasi-three-level transitions near 1060 nm and 880 nm, respectively, has been demonstrated in channel waveguides
A plausible mechanism for the evolution of helical forms in nanostructure growth
The observation of helices and coils in nano-tube/-fiber (NT/NF) syntheses is explained on the basis of the interactions between specific catalyst particles and the growing nanostructure. In addition to rationalizing nonlinear structure, the proposed model probes the interplay between thermodynamic quantities and predicts conditions for optimal growth. Experimental results on the effect of indium catalyst on affecting the coil pitch in NTs and NFs are presented
Impact of g-factors and valleys on spin qubits in a silicon double quantum dot
We define single electron spin qubits in a silicon MOS double quantum dot
system. By mapping the qubit resonance frequency as a function of gate-induced
electric field, the spectrum reveals an anticrossing that is consistent with an
inter-valley spin-orbit coupling. We fit the data from which we extract an
inter-valley coupling strength of 43 MHz. In addition, we observe a narrow
resonance near the primary qubit resonance when we operate the device in the
(1,1) charge configuration. The experimental data is consistent with a
simulation involving two weakly exchanged-coupled spins with a g-factor
difference of 1 MHz, of the same order as the Rabi frequency. We conclude that
the narrow resonance is the result of driven transitions between the T- and T+
triplet states, using an ESR signal of frequency located halfway between the
resonance frequencies of the two individual spins. The findings presented here
offer an alternative method of implementing two-qubit gates, of relevance to
the operation of larger scale spin qubit systems
Magnetic monopoles in noncommutative quantum mechanics 2
In this paper we extend the analysis of magnetic monopoles in quantum
mechanics in three dimensional rotationally invariant noncommutative space
. We construct the model step-by-step and observe that
physical objects known from previous studies appear in a very natural way.
Nonassociativity became a topic of great interest lately, often in a connection
with magnetic monopoles. We show that this model does not possess this
property.Comment: 13 pages, no figure
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