Corticosterone Induces Rapid Increase in the Amplitude of Inhibitory Response in Hippocampal Synapses with Asynchronous GABA Release

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Experiments were performed on cultured slices of rat ventral hippocampus. Using extracellular stimulation and patch clamp recording from pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, we studied characteristics of GABAergic synapse formed on these neurons by cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons. This synapse was characterized by asynchronous release of GABA and depolarization-induced suppression of inhibitory response. It was observed that administration of corticosterone increased the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents in 5 minutes, but the paired ratio did not significantly change. Obtained data reflect that corticosterone can induce rapid genome-independent effects on inhibitory neurotransmission in one of hippocampal synapses

The role of neuro-specific dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (dpyl2) in spatial memory formation in teleosts

This article presents the results of an experiment on the influence of serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) on the spatial memory formation of juvenile goldfish Carassius auratus (L.) in a maze with food reinforcement. Three experimental fish groups were formed: (1) intact animals, (2) experimental group (fish injected ICV with SMAP in 24 h before the beginning of training; 2 μl, 1.5 mg·ml–1), (3) active control group (fish injected ICV with inactivated SMAP). Goldfishes of the experimental group demonstrated the lowest capability for spatial recognition: the maximum level of performance of the task was on 4th day of the training – 38%, while the values of this index in fishes of the control and intact groups were 70% and 63% respectively. In general, throughout the period of the training the average value of task performance was 16% in the SMAP-injected fish (in the control and intact groups – 42% and 53%, respectively). By using Ds-Na-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SMAP compositeon has been revealed. It was found that it consists of 10–12 protein components, among which four proteins dominated. They were identified by mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF: spectrin, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DPYL2), tubulin and actin. It has been suggested that the most likely candidate responsible for the negative effects of SMAP on fish memory formation is DPYL2. It was hypothesized that anticonsolidation effect of SMAP is caused by the effect of DPYL2 which blocks the growth of axons or its cytostatic activity which leads to disorders in formation of new neurons in the brain as a result of learning

Результаты испытаний полимерного радиатора системы охлаждения трактора МТЗ-80

Global car manufacturers wish to increase the number of manufactured products, reduce their cost and labor input. The choice of research areas, design and technological developments in radiator construction is an extremely important and urgent task, due to the mass production of radiators for tractors and automobiles on the one hand, and the favorable development prospects of these interrelated industries, on the other. (Research purpose) To substantiate theoretically and experimentally the use of a combined cooling system containing both aluminum and polymeric water radiators and similarly liquid-oil heat exchangers based on the four principles listed above on automobiles and tractors. (Materials and methods) The authors performed bench tests using a special wind tunnel to study the thermal and aerodynamic characteristics of a prototype tractor radiator with a polyurethane core. After reaching the steady-state operating mode of the installation, the experimental values were determined for the control and measuring instruments. (Results and discussion) The authors carried out measurements of all parameters of both coolants in series at each steady-state operating mode of the bench. They obtained the main indicators dependences (reduced heat transfer, aerodynamic and hydraulic drag) of the heat exchanger, close to the operating conditions of the vehicles. (Conclusions) A prototype MTZ-80 radiator with a polyurethane core has great prospects as a future alternative radiator. An increase by 10-15 percent in the radiator heat transfer is possible by using aluminum fi ns on the surface of the polyurethane plate. A 15-20 percent reduction in hydrodynamic resistance is achieved by increasing the diameter of the capillary throughput in a polyurethane plate and the number of plates themselves in the radiator cell.Мировые производители автомобилей стремятся повысить количество выпускаемой продукции, снизить ее себестоимость и трудоемкость изготовления. Выбор направлений исследований, конструкторско-технологических разработок в радиаторостроении представляет собой чрезвычайно важную и актуальную задачу, обусловленную с одной стороны массовостью производства радиаторов для тракторов и автомобилей, с другой – благоприятными перспективами развития этих взаимосвязанных отраслей. (Цель исследования) Обосновать теоретически и экспериментально использование на автомобилях и тракторах комбинированной системы охлаждения, содержащей как алюминиевые, так и полимерные водяные радиаторы и аналогично жидкостно-масляные теплообменники, созданные на основе системы параметров для комплексной оценки автотракторных теплообменников. (Материалы и методы) Выполнили стендовые испытания с использованием специальной аэродинамической трубы для исследования тепловых и аэродинамических характеристик опытного образца тракторного радиатора с полиуретановой сердцевиной. Определили после достижении установившегося режима работы установки опытные величины по контрольно-измерительным приборам. (Результаты и обсуждение) Провели измерения всех параметров обоих теплоносителей последовательно на каждом установившемся режиме работы стенда. Получили зависимости основных показателей (приведенная теплоотдача, аэродинамическое и гидравлическое сопротивления) работы теплообменника, приближенные к условиям эксплуатации транспортных средств. (Выводы) Опытный образец радиатора МТЗ-80 с полиуретановой сердцевиной имеет большие перспективы в качестве альтернативного радиатора будущего. Повышение теплоотдачи радиатора на 10-15 процентов возможно при помощи использования алюминиевого оребрения на поверхности полиуретановой пластины. Снижение гидродинамического сопротивления на 15-20 процентов достигается за счет увеличения диаметра пропускной способности капилляров в полиуретановой пластине и количества самих пластин в соте радиатора

Deposition of Aluminum-Doped ZnO Films by ICP-Assisted Sputtering

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) assisted DC sputter deposition was used for the deposition of Al-doped ZnO (AZO or ZnO:Al) thin films. With increasing ICP RF power, film properties including deposition rate, crystallinity, transparency, and resistivity were improved. To understand the plasma-surface interaction, several plasma diagnostics were performed. Heat fluxes to the substrate were measured by thermal probes, number densities of sputtered metallic atom species were measured by absorption spectroscopy using hollow cathode lamps (HCL) and light emitting diodes (LEDs), and neutral gas temperatures were measured by external cavity diode laser (ECDL) absorption spectroscopy. As a result, it was revealed that the high-density ICP heated the substrate through a high heat flux to the substrate, resulting in a high-quality film deposition without the need for intentional substrate heating. The heat flux to the substrate was predominantly contributed by the plasma charged species, not by the neutral Ar atoms which were also significantly heated in the ICP. The substrate position where the highest quality films were obtained was found to coincide with the position where the substrate heat flux took the maximum value