Generic Subsequence Matching Framework: Modularity, Flexibility, Efficiency

Subsequence matching has appeared to be an ideal approach for solving many problems related to the fields of data mining and similarity retrieval. It has been shown that almost any data class (audio, image, biometrics, signals) is or can be represented by some kind of time series or string of symbols, which can be seen as an input for various subsequence matching approaches. The variety of data types, specific tasks and their partial or full solutions is so wide that the choice, implementation and parametrization of a suitable solution for a given task might be complicated and time-consuming; a possibly fruitful combination of fragments from different research areas may not be obvious nor easy to realize. The leading authors of this field also mention the implementation bias that makes difficult a proper comparison of competing approaches. Therefore we present a new generic Subsequence Matching Framework (SMF) that tries to overcome the aforementioned problems by a uniform frame that simplifies and speeds up the design, development and evaluation of subsequence matching related systems. We identify several relatively separate subtasks solved differently over the literature and SMF enables to combine them in straightforward manner achieving new quality and efficiency. This framework can be used in many application domains and its components can be reused effectively. Its strictly modular architecture and openness enables also involvement of efficient solutions from different fields, for instance efficient metric-based indexes. This is an extended version of a paper published on DEXA 2012.Comment: This is an extended version of a paper published on DEXA 201

Knowledge is at the Edge! How to Search in Distributed Machine Learning Models

With the advent of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 an enormous amount of data is produced at the edge of the network. Due to a lack of computing power, this data is currently send to the cloud where centralized machine learning models are trained to derive higher level knowledge. With the recent development of specialized machine learning hardware for mobile devices, a new era of distributed learning is about to begin that raises a new research question: How can we search in distributed machine learning models? Machine learning at the edge of the network has many benefits, such as low-latency inference and increased privacy. Such distributed machine learning models can also learn personalized for a human user, a specific context, or application scenario. As training data stays on the devices, control over possibly sensitive data is preserved as it is not shared with a third party. This new form of distributed learning leads to the partitioning of knowledge between many devices which makes access difficult. In this paper we tackle the problem of finding specific knowledge by forwarding a search request (query) to a device that can answer it best. To that end, we use a entropy based quality metric that takes the context of a query and the learning quality of a device into account. We show that our forwarding strategy can achieve over 95% accuracy in a urban mobility scenario where we use data from 30 000 people commuting in the city of Trento, Italy.Comment: Published in CoopIS 201

Ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density in multifragmentation of Au + Au

The ratio of the shear viscosity ($\eta$) to entropy density ($s$) for the intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions has been calculated by using the Green-Kubo method in the framework of the quantum molecular dynamics model. The theoretical curve of $\eta/s$ as a function of the incident energy for the head-on Au+Au collisions displays that a minimum region of $\eta/s$ has been approached at higher incident energies, where the minimum $\eta/s$ value is about 7 times Kovtun-Son- Starinets (KSS) bound (1/4$\pi$). We argue that the onset of minimum $\eta/s$ region at higher incident energies corresponds to the nuclear liquid gas phase transition in nuclear multifragmentation.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure

Antibaryons in massive heavy ion reactions: Importance of potentials

In the framework of RQMD we investigate antiproton observables in massive heavy ion collisions at AGS energies and compare to preliminary results of the E878 collaboration. We focus here on the considerable influence of the *real* part of an antinucleon--nucleus optical potential on the antiproton momentum spectra

Consequences of a covariant Description of Heavy Ion Reactions at intermediate Energies

Heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies are studied by using a new RQMD code, which is a covariant generalization of the QMD approach. We show that this new implementation is able to produce the same results in the nonrelativistic limit (i.e. 50MeV/nucl.) as the non-covariant QMD. Such a comparison is not available in the literature. At higher energies (i.e. 1.5 GeV/nucl. and 2 GeV/nucl.) RQMD and QMD give different results in respect to the time evolution of the phase space, for example for the directed transverse flow. These differences show that consequences of a covariant description of heavy ion reactions within the framework of RQMD are existing even at intermediate energies.Comment: LaTex-file, 28 pages, 8 figures (available upon request), accepted for publication in Physical Review

Reanalysis of antiproton production in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus reactions at subthreshold energies

We reanalyse the production of $p\bar{p}$ pairs in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions employing novel elementary cross sections for baryon-baryon and pion-baryon production channels based on a boson-exchange model. In contrast to previous transport studies performed in the literature the secondary pion induced channel is found to be most important in both p+A and A+A collisions at subthreshold energies. A detailed comparison with the experimental data available indicates that sizeable attractive $\bar{p}$ potentials in the order of - 100 to - 150 MeV at normal nuclear matter density are needed to reproduce the size and shape of the experimental spectra.Comment: 25 pages, latex, including 15 ps-figures, UGI-97-21, submitted to Nucl. Phys.

Subthreshold antiproton production in proton-carbon reactions

Data from KEK on subthreshold antiproton as well as on pi(+-) and K(+-) production in proton-nucleus reactions are described at projectile energies between 3.5 and 12.0 GeV. We use a model which considers a hadron-nucleus reaction as an incoherent sum over collisions of the projectile with a varying number of target nucleons. It samples complete events and allows thus for the simultaneous consideration of all particle species measured. The overall reproduction of the data is quite satisfactory. It is shown that the contributions from the interaction of the projectile with groups of several target nucleons are decisive for the description of subthreshold production. Since the collective features of subthreshold production become especially significant far below the threshold, the results are extrapolated down to COSY energies. It is concluded that an antiproton measurement at ANKE-COSY should be feasible, if the high background of other particles can be efficiently suppressed.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, gzipped tar file, submitted to J. Phys. G v2: Modification of text due to demands of referee

Medium effects in high energy heavy-ion collisions

The change of hadron properties in dense matter based on various theoretical approaches are reviewed. Incorporating these medium effects in the relativistic transport model, which treats consistently the change of hadron masses and energies in dense matter via the scalar and vector fields, heavy-ion collisions at energies available from SIS/GSI, AGS/BNL, and SPS/CERN are studied. This model is seen to provide satisfactory explanations for the observed enhancement of kaon, antikaon, and antiproton yields as well as soft pions in the transverse direction from the SIS experiments. In the AGS heavy-ion experiments, it can account for the enhanced $K^+/\pi^+$ ratio, the difference in the slope parameters of the $K^+$ and $K^-$ transverse kinetic energy spectra, and the lower apparent temperature of antiprotons than that of protons. This model also provides possible explanations for the observed enhancement of low-mass dileptons, phi mesons, and antilambdas in heavy-ion collisions at SPS energies. Furthermore, the change of hadron properties in hot dense matter leads to new signatures of the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter transition in future ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC/BNL.Comment: RevTeX, 65 pages, including 25 postscript figures, invited topical review for Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physic

Влияние кокцидиостатика байкокса на течение кокцидиоза у цыплят-бройлеров

The purpose of the research is to identify species of Eimeria spp. in chicken broilers suspected to be infected with coccidia and to determine the effect of coccidiostatics in the course of coccidiosis.Materials and methods. The study involved 20 six-week-old broiler chickens obtained from a farm heavily affected by coccidia (natural infection – a high oocyst incidence). Each group yielded 10 randomly picked chickens to be used in the experiment. The birds were divided into 2 groups 10 chickens each: control (I); Baycox-treated (II); Baycox was applied for 2 days in a concentration of 25 ppm in drinking water. Samples of broiler chickens’ droppings were tested qualitatively by the flotation method (Willis-Schlaaf) and then quantitatively by the McMaster technique. The chickens were killed 6 days post-treatment and their intestinal mean total lesion scores (MTLS) were graded 0 to 4 on an arbitrary scale described by Johnson and Reid (1970).Results and discussion. As a result of the research, six species of protozoa of the genus Eimeria were identified: E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, while E. necatrix and E. maxima were the dominant species. This proves the presence of such species as E. mivati, E. acervulina (76.34%) in the anterior segment of the intestine and E. necatrix, E. maxima (83.34%) – in the middle segment of the small intestine. Infections of E. brunetti broilers amounted to 51.11%. The most pathogenic species of E. tenella residing in the cecum was found in 37.53%. MTLS in the group of chickens that received Baycox was 0.33. The post-treatment oocyst indices in the second group amounted to 1 (1–50 oocysts in 1 g of faeces), in the control group MTLS was very high (2,5), the oocyst index exceeding 3. Цель исследований: идентификация обнаруженных у цыплят-бройлеров кокцидий Eimeria spp. и оценка эффективности байкокса против кокцидий.Материалы и методы. Исследовано 20 цыплят-бройлеров в возрасте 6 недель с фермы, неблагополучной по кокцидиозу. Цыплят разделили на две равные группы. Первая группа цыплят была контрольной и им препарат не задавали. Цыплятам второй группы задавали байкокс в течение 2 сут в концентрации 25 ч/млн вместе с водой. Пробы помета цыплят-бройлеров исследовали качественно методом флотации (Willis-Schlaaf), а затем количественно методом МакМастера. Цыплят умерщвляли через 6 сут после обработки, и их средние показатели общего поражения кишечника оценивали от 0 до 4 баллов по произвольной шкале, описанной Johnson and Reid (1970).Результаты и обсуждение. По результатам исследований выявлено шесть видов простейших рода Eimeria: E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, при этом виды E. necatrix и E. maxima были доминирующими. Виды E. mivati, E. acervulina (76,34%) локализовались в переднем сегменте кишечника, E. necatrix, E. maxima (83,34%) – в среднем сегменте тонкой кишки. E. brunetti обнаружены у 51,11% исследованных цыплят. Наиболее патогенный вид, E. tenella, паразитирующий в слепой кишке, обнаружен у 37,53% особей. Cредний показатель общего поражения кишечника в группе цыплят, получавшей байкокс, составил 0,33. Уровень загрязненности фекалий ооцистами после обработки во второй группе составил 1 (от 1 до 50 ооцист в 1 г фекалий), в контрольной группе – превышал 3, а средний показатель общего поражения кишечника – 2,5.