7 research outputs found
THE ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DISTANCE BETWEEN GERMAN CATTLE BREEDS
Za budući izbor uzgoja potrebno je očuvanje genetske raznolikosti u životinja. U filogenetskim proučavanjima mikrosateliti su dokazani kao snažno sredstvo. (Bowcock et al. 1994.). Procjena genetskih udaljenosti što se temelji na učestalosti alela mikrosatelitskih markera pomoći će u procjeni veličine razlika između usko povezanih pasmina stoke. Pasmina Shorthom i Angler mogu se identificirati kao sporedne pasmine, pa je stoga razvoj programa očuvanja vrlo koristan. Prilagođenje pasmine Orginal Black Pied još nije jasno. Odredit će se dodatni markeri kako bi se povećala točnost procjene. Niti vrijednosti udaljenosti između Holsteina i mliječnog Red Pied niti slični uzgojni ciljevi čini se da nisu razuman razlog da se ove pasmine drže odijeljeno. Ovaj će rad biti od pomoći u odlučivanju o očuvanju pasmina u posebnim programima očuvanja konzervacijom in vivo i in vitro
Genetic diversity among some cattle breeds in the Alpine area
Seven autochthonous Italian cattle breeds bred in the alpine area (Aosta Black Pied, Aosta Red Pied,
Aosta Chestnut, Oropa Red Pied, Grey Alpine, Rendena and Burlina) were investigated in order to
characterise their genetic structure and to study their phylogenetic origin. Two cattle breeds from
Germany (Original German Brown and Holstein) and four from Switzerland (Simmental, Herens,
Evolene and Brown Swiss) were included in the study in order to determine the genetic diversity
existing among Italian local breeds, similar breeds bred on the other side of the Alps and in the well
known Holstein.
Seventeen microsatellites, of the internationally accepted panel for the study of cattle biodiversity,
were used for the analysis.
Microsatellites were highly polymorphic with a mean number of 5,5 alleles (ranging from 2 to 12 per
locus). For each locus, allelic frequencies, heterozygosity (H) and the Polymorphism Information
Content (PIC) were computed. The genetic equilibrium according to Hardy\ub1Weinberg was calculated
for each population and for each locus. Allele frequencies were used to estimate genetic distances and
to draw a phylogenetic tree. The two closest breeds were Aosta Red Pied and Aosta Black Pied, while
the two genetically most different were Holstein and Aosta Chestnut. Aosta valley breeds, Evolene
and Herens constituted a tight cluster in the phylogenetic consensus tree. Principal component analysis
showed a similar pattern for all the alpine breeds, while Holstein and Original German Brown were far
away. The genetic differences among breeds were in accordance with their geographical and historical
origin
Biodiversity of chickens based on DNA pools: first results of the EC funded project AVIANDIV
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Assessment of biodiversity in a wide range of chicken breeds by genotyping DNA pools for microsatellite loci
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Marker-assisted conservation of European cattle breeds: an evaluation
Two methods have been developed for the assessment of conservation priorities on the basis of molecular markers. According to the Weitzman approach, contributions to genetic diversity are derived from genetic distances between populations. Alternatively, diversity within and across populations is optimized by minimizing marker-estimated kinships. We have applied, for the first time, both methods to a comprehensive data set of 69 European cattle breeds, including all cosmopolitan breeds and several local breeds, for which genotypes of 30 microsatellite markers in 25-50 animals per breed have been obtained. Both methods were used to calculate the gain in diversity if a breed was added to a set of nine non-endangered breeds. Weitzman-derived diversities were confounded by genetic drift in isolated populations, which dominates the genetic distances but does not necessarily increase the conservation value of a breed. Marker-estimated kinships across populations were less disturbed by genetic drift than the Weitzman diversities and assigned high conservation values to Mediterranean breeds, which indeed have genetic histories that differ from the non-endangered breeds. Prospects and limitations of marker-assisted decisions on conservation priorities are discussed