Normative data of Lower-limb muscle flexibility in futsal players

El objetivo de este estudio fue definir cuantitativamente los valores de referencia del perfil de flexibilidad en 20 jugadores profesionales de fútbol sala. Para ello se valoró la flexibilidad de los principales grupos musculares de la extremidad inferior a través de 7 pruebas de rango de movimiento articular pasivo máximo. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los jugadores de fútbol sala analizados presentan un perfil de flexibilidad de la extremidad inferior superior a los valores propuestos para población general, a los valores encontrados en sujetos sanos sedentarios, así como en personas físicamente activas. De la misma forma, los valores de flexibilidad de los jugadores de fútbol sala seleccionados son superiores a los observados en otras modalidades deportivas.The purpose of this study was to quantitatively define the normative lower-limb flexibility data in 20 professional futsal players. For it, the flexibility of the major lower-limb muscles was evaluated throughout 7 different peak joint ROM assessment tests. The results of the current study demonstrate that the professional futsal players assessed have higher normative data of lower-limb flexibility than the previously stabilised flexibility normative data for general population, healthy sedentary adults, as well as for recreationally active adults. Likewise, the normative lower-limb flexibility data for the professional futsal players selected are higher than those reported for other sport modalities

Optimal data of lower-limb muscle flexibility in female futsal players

El objetivo fue definir cuantitativamente los valores del perfil óptimo de flexibilidad en 20 jugadoras de fútbol sala. Para ello, se valoró la flexibilidad de los principales grupos musculares del miembro inferior a través de 7 pruebas de rango de movimiento pasivo máximo (ROM). Los resultados del presente estudio definen como ROM óptimo los siguientes rangos para las jugadoras de campo: 43º-52º para gemelo, 48º-54º para sóleo, 148º-154º para glúteo mayor, 99º-118º para musculatura isquiosural, 46º-56º para aductores, 12º-20º para psoas iliaco y 116º-129º para cuádriceps. Para las porteras se han obtenido los siguientes rangos: 40º-46º para gemelo, 40º-47º para sóleo, 150º-155º para el glúteo mayor, 94º-118º para musculatura isquiosural, 45º-54º para aductores, 8º-12º para psoas iliaco y 115º-133º para cuádriceps. Teniendo en cuenta que se ha definido el percentil >80 como el ROM óptimo, sólo 4 jugadoras de campo y 2 porteras presentaban este ROM en cada movimiento evaluadoThe purpose of this study was to define the optimal lower-limb flexibility data for 20 female futsal players. Therefore, the flexibility of the major lower-limb muscles was evaluated throughout 7 different passive range of motion (ROM) assessment tests. The results of this study define the optimal ROM ranges for field players as: 43º-52º for the gastrocnemius, 48º-54º for the soleus, 148º-154º for the gluteus maximus, 99º-118º for the hamstrings, 46º-56º for the adductors, 12º-20º for the iliopsoas, and 116º-129º for the quadriceps. For goalkeepers have obtained the following ranges: 40º-46º for the gastrocnemius, 40º-47º for the soleus, 150º-155º for the gluteus, 94º-118º for the hamstrings, 45º-54º for the adductors, 8º-12º for the iliopsoas, and 115º-133º for the quadriceps. Keeping in mind that optimal ROM values were defined as >80th percentile, only 4 field players and 2 goalkeepers presented this ROM values in each movement assessed

Football training program and injury prevention program WTA: a season of analysis with IT management Weakrisk Sporstsolutions in Italan élite football players third division (Serie C).

Purpose: The aim of this study is analyze the relationship with training program and injury prevention program in professional football players during competitive season in AJ Fano Calcio 1906 srl (Italian 3rd Division Serie C, 2019-2020). In fact, it is very important for the team to try to minimize or greatly reduce the incidence of injuries to ensure a better choice of players available to the coach according to the match. Our analysis will try to better understand the importance of creating an adequate postural set up by optimizing the functioning of the muscle kinetic chains, during the pre-training phase. Twenty eigth (n=28) élite football players took part in this study (age 21.4±3.3; body weigth 79.7±3.4 ; heigth 182.4±5.5 ; fat mass 9.2±1.9 ; ), without goalkeepers. In pre-season (4 weeks, from july to august) and during a season (december) the players performed yo yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (IR2), to evaluate aerobic and anaerobic performance before the start of season. At same time the players perfomed jump test (SJ, CMJ, CMJAS, JUMPS 15’’), with Optojump Microgate (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). Every players has been analyzed with K-GPS Live 50Hz (K-Sport Universal STATS, Montelabbate (PU), Italy) and Polar Team System PRO 2 (Polar Electro, Finland, OY) to recorder maximal heart rate during a intermittent test and official match. Every players has done from July (start preseason) to February (in season), 300 sessions of WTA primitive prevention training program before and after training to preparare muscle chains to daily workout, 244 training during this period. Pre and post training program, performed on a daily basis, highlighted that AJ Fano Calcio 1906 srl, total incidence injury is 3.14/1000h, training incidence injury is 1.34/1000h and match incidence injury is 23.6/1000h, respectively - 23.4% to UEFA data total incidence injury (4.1/1000h), -46.4% to UEFA data training incidence injury (2.5/1000h) and 22.3% to Uefa data match incidence injury (19.3/1000h). Infact, this improvement in match injury (contact and non-contact), probabily due, to difference level of football players: in professional third division there are players that have a reduced coordination and intervention times compared to top level players. This element is clear also in different energy cost (í) from different players level during official matches: first division (21.7±0.7%) vs third division (27±2.5%) (ES=3.05, p<0.05). This event represent energy expenditure during a match: third division has low physical, technical and tactical quality compare first division pro and players have high energy expenditure levels. Probabily our hypothesis on this type of prevention program (primitive WTA) should be used already started youth to prepare muscle chains and improve coordination and movements in future athletes to reduce injuries

Comparison of 1-repetition-maximum performance across 3 weightlifting overhead pressing exercises and sport groups

Objective: This study aimed to (I) compare the one repetition maximum (1RM) performance between the push press (PP), push jerk (PJ) and split jerk (SJ), and (II) explore these differences between weightlifters, CrossFit® athletes and a mixed group of athletes. Method: Forty-six resistance trained male (age: 28.8 ± 6.4 years; height: 180.0 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 84.1 ± 10.2 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.64 ± 3.14 years) participated in this study. The 1RM performance of the PP, PJ and SJ were assessed during the same session in a sequential order (i.e. combined 1RM assessment method). Thirty-six participants were re-tested to determine between-session reliability of the 1RM values. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and associated 95% confidence intervals showed a high between-session reliability for the PP (ICC = 0.98 [0.95-0.99]), PJ (ICC = 0.99 [0.98-1.00]) and SJ (ICC = 0.99 [0.98-1.00]). There was a significant main effect of exercise (2 = 0.662) and exercise x group interaction (2 = 0.066) on the 1RM performance (p<0.0001), while the main effect of group did not reach statistical significance (p=0.072). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the weightlifting overhead pressing derivatives impact the 1RM performance. In addition, the interaction of exercise and sport group was caused by the higher differences in the 1RM performance between-exercises for weightlifters compared to CrossFit® and a mixed group of athletes. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals should be aware that the differences in 1RM performance between weightlifting overhead pressing derivatives may be affected by the sport group

The Effect of Spent Coffee Grounds to the Growth of Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato)

Six billion tonnes of spent coffee grounds (SCG) are thrown untreated into landfills, leading the spent coffee grounds to leach organic pollutants that may potentially harm bodies of water and emit methane, a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. Studies have confirmed that the ratio of carbon and nitrogen (C: N) of SCG is ideal for plant fertilizers. This study focused on determining the effects of SCG on the growth of tomato plants using four parameters: the number of leaves, the average leaf surface area, and the relative growth rate. The study used an experimental research design to study the causal relationship between SCG treatments and plant growth. Tomato seeds were grouped into four and sown on separate pots. The study used three trials, each containing different weights of SCG, namely: 0 g, 5 g, 9 g, and 14 g. The SCG treatments were applied after germination using the side-dressing method. The number of expanded leaves, leaf surface area, and relative growth rate of the tomato plants were observed every five days for 45 days. The researchers found that SCG treatments that exceeded SCG-5 displayed adverse effects on the growth of the tomato. Thus, the relative growth rate and SCG treatments of over 5 g are inversely related to one another. Results show that SCG-5 had the highest positive effect on plant growth in terms of all the parameters. The researchers can then conclude that SCG-5 is an effective alternative fertilizer that improves plant growth

Cuantificación de los niveles de actividad física a través de podómetros en las clases de Educación Física: Un estudio piloto

Physical inactivity during the early years of life is currently indicated as a major contributor to increased levels of obesity and other serious medical conditions and is being seen in children and adolescents all across Europe. Children spend a large part of their time at school and the school curriculum should provide good opportunities to promote physical activity.Worldwide, public health physical activity guidelines include special emphasis on populations of children (typically 6-11 years) and adolescents (typically 12-19 years). Existing guidelines are commonly expressed in terms of frequency, time, and intensity of behavior. However, the simple step output from both accelerometers and pedometers is gaining increased credibility in research and practice as a reasonable approximation of daily ambulatory physical activity volume. The present study aims to measure the amount of physical activity that takes place during physical education classes. The study comprised a sample of 70 children (41 boys and 29 girls) ages 10-12 from a school in Murcia (Spain). A pedometer was used to measure physical activity. Two session of learning unit titled “Games and Alternative Sports” was analyzed. The results showed a steps/day average of 3.318 (3.467,3 steps/day for boys and 3.107,2 steps/day for girls). This amount represents the 20.1% to 28.85% of the daily recommended steps/day (11.000 and 16.500 for minimum and maximal, respectively).La inactividad física durante los primeros años de vida está reconocida actualmente como un factor importante en el incremento de los niveles de obesidad y de otros trastornos médicos graves que se observan en los escolares europeos. Los escolares pasan una gran parte de su tiempo en el entorno escolar y éste debería convertirse en un entorno propicio para promocionar la actividad física. A nivel mundial, las pautas de actividad física para la salud pública incluyen un énfasis especial en poblaciones de niños (típicamente 6-11 años) y adolescentes (típicamente 12-19 años). Las directrices existentes normalmente se expresan en términos de frecuencia, el tiempo y la intensidad de la conducta. Sin embargo, con el avance tecnológico han aparecido nuevas alternativas para medir los niveles de actividad física, destacando el uso de los acelerómetros y podómetros en la investigación y en la práctica como una aproximación razonable del volumen de la actividad física diaria. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo medir la cantidad de actividad física realizada en las clases de educación física. La muestra quedó compuesta por 70 escolares (41 niños y 29 niñas) con un rango de edad de 10 y 12 años en una escuela de la Región de Murcia. Un podómetro fue utilizado para cuantificar los niveles de actividad física. Se analizaron dos sesiones de la Unidad Didáctica Juegos y Deportes Alternativos. Los resultados mostraron una media de pasos/día de 3.318 (3.467,3 pasos/día en niños y 3.107,2 pasos/día en niñas). Esta cantidad representa el 20.1% y el 28.85% de la cantidad total recomendada en función del límite del rango tenido en cuenta (11.000 y 16.500 pasos/día)