Histone H3 Acetylation is Asymmetrically Induced Upon Learning in Identified Neurons of the Food Aversion Network in the Mollusk Helix Lucorum

Regulation of gene expression is an essential step during long-term memory formation. Recently, the involvement of DNA-binding transcription factors and chromatin remodeling in synaptic plasticity have been intensively studied. The process of learning was shown to be associated with chromatin remodeling through histone modifications such as acetylation and phosphorylation. We have previously shown that the MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) regulatory cascade plays a key role in the food aversion conditioning in the mollusk Helix. Specifically, command neurons of withdrawal behavior exhibit a learning-dependent asymmetry (left–right) in MAPK/ERK activation. Here, we expanded our molecular studies by focusing on a potential MAPK/ERK target – histone H3. We studied whether there is a learning-induced MAPK/ERK-dependent acetylation of histone H3 in command neurons RPa(2/3) and LPa(2/3) of the right and left parietal ganglia and whether it is asymmetrical. We found a significant learning-dependent increase in histone H3 acetylation in RPa(2/3) neurons but not in LPa(2/3) neurons. Such an increase in right command neurons depended on MAPK/ERK activation and correlated with a lateralized avoidance movement to the right visible 48 h after training. The molecular changes found in a selective set of neurons could thus represent a lateralized memory process, which may lead to consistent turning in one direction when avoiding a food that has been paired with an aversive stimulus

NEW DATA ON AGE AND NATURE OF CARBONIZATION WITHIN SOUTHERN FLANK OF THE BAIKAL LEDGE OF THE SIBERIAN CRATON BASEMENT

The Baikal ledge rock formations in the Siberian craton structure are included in the Akitkan mobile belt which is considered as the Late Paleoproterozoic independent island arc system moved up to the ancient basement during the terrains amalgamation 1.91–2.00 Ga ago (Fig. 1) [Rosen, 2003; Gladkochub et al., 2009; Didenko et al., 2013].The Baikal ledge rock formations in the Siberian craton structure are included in the Akitkan mobile belt which is considered as the Late Paleoproterozoic independent island arc system moved up to the ancient basement during the terrains amalgamation 1.91–2.00 Ga ago (Fig. 1) [Rosen, 2003; Gladkochub et al., 2009; Didenko et al., 2013]

Isolation, characterization, and metal response of novel, acid-tolerant Penicillium spp. from extremely metal-rich waters at a mining site in Transbaikal (Siberia, Russia)

The role of fungi in metal cycling in acidic environments has been little explored to date. In this study, two acid-tolerant and metal-resistant Penicillium isolates, strains ShG4B and ShG4C, were isolated from a mine site in the Transbaikal area of Siberia (Russia). Waters at the mine site were characterized by extremely high metal concentrations: up to 18 g l−1 Fe and >2 g l−1 each of Cu, Zn, Al, and As. Both isolates were identified as Penicillium spp. by phylogenetic analyses and they grew well in Czapek medium acidified to pH 2.5. Resistance to Cu, Cd, Ni, Co, and arsenate was in the range of 1–10 g l−1. Further experiments with Penicillium strain ShG4C demonstrated that growth in Cu-containing media was accompanied by the precipitation of Cu-oxalate (moolooite) and the formation of extracellular vesicles enriched in Cu on the mycelia. Vesicles were greatly reduced in size in Cd-containing media and were not formed in the presence of Ni or Co. Cd-oxalate was detected as a crystalline solid phase in Cd-exposed mycelia. Hydrated Nisulfate (retgersite) and Co-sulfate (bieberite) were detected in mycelia grown in the presence of Ni and Co, respectively. The results demonstrated that acid-tolerant and metal-resistant Penicillium constitute a component in extremophilic microbiomes, contributing to organic matter breakdown and formation of secondary solid phases at pH ranges found in acid rock drainage

Rationale for endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of heart disease in children and adults

Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the method of choice for diagnosing a wide range of myocardial diseases.Aim. To assess the rationale for diagnostic EMB in children and adults.Material and methods. Morphological and statistical analysis of 2803 diagnostic EMBs in adults (n=811) and children (n=83), including those in heart transplantation (n=1909), was carried out.Results. In 231 (28%) cases, adults were diagnosed with myocarditis, of which in 6 patients — granulomatous, in 5 — eosinophilic and in 6 — lymphocytic-macrophage myocarditis after coronavirus infection. In children, myocarditis was found in 22 cases (27%). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia took the second place in detection rate in children and adults. Immunohistochemical study revealed viral envelope protein 1 (VP1) antigen of enteroviruses in one third of myocarditis cases, and in half — other cardiotropic viruses. Dotted dystrophin expression was observed in myocarditis. A correlation was established between the perforin expression and myocarditis presence (Pearson χ2=27,8; Fisher's exact test=27,3; p=0,01).Conclusion. Analysis of diagnostic EMB results confirmed its rationale in adults and children not only for heart transplantation, but also for identifying cardiac pathology, including for myocarditis diagnosis. It has been shown that immunohistochemical study with antiviral antibodies can be considered as an alternative method for detecting viral infection. An immunohistochemical analysis for perforin and dystrophin can be recommended as additional morphological markers of myocarditis

High energy hadrons in EAS at mountain altitude

An extensive simulation has been carried out to estimate the physical interpretation of dynamical factors such as , in terms of high energy interaction features, concentrated in the present analysis on the average transverse momentum. It appears that the large enhancement observed for versus primary energy, suggesting in earliest analysis a significant rise of with energy, is only the result of the limited resolution of the detectors and remains in agreement with a wide range of models used in simulations.Comment: 13 pages, 6 PostScript figures, LaTeX Subm. to JPhys

ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF CARBON AND OXYGEN IN CALCITES OF ALKALINE ULTRAMAPHIC DYKES WITHIN THE URIK-IYA GRABEN

The isotope composition of carbon and oxygen was studied in calcite of dykes and veins of ultramafic lamprophyres, kimberlite, alkaline mica picrites from the Yarma above-intrusion zone, and pyroxene-free picrites intruding the rocks of the Bolshetagninsky carbonatite massif within the Urik-Iya graben hosted by the East Sayan Mountains. The data on δ13C (from −6.6 to −3.9 ‰ relative to VPDB) disclose the ideas on the mantle origin of the carbonate substance of dykes. High values of δ18O (from +13.9 to +11.8 ‰ relative to VSMOW) suggest the impact of deuteric fluids, i.e. magmatic fluids separated from melts, at later stage of formation of the calcite-bearing alkaline ultramafic rocks

ИММУНОТЕРАПИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ДЕНДРИТНЫХ КЛЕТОК В ЛЕЧЕНИИ РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

The development of an antitumor vaccine based on autologous dendritic cells (DCs) for bladder cancer treatment is extremely relevant today due to the proven high immunological potency of this type of tumor. Vaccination with DCs-based drugs as a monotherapy or in combination with other methods of treatment has shown to be effective in cancer therapy. The vaccine administration is considered to be safe, the associated side effects are insignificant and can be characterized as undesirable phenomena of 1st or 2nd degree. There are a number of issues that arise while creating DCs vaccines that need to be carefully resolved. Among them, the problem of selecting potential targets for the vaccine treatment, the ways to enhance the potency of the vaccine, and the selection of technology for obtaining a sufficient number of functional DCs should be specifically mentioned. The review focuses on the use of autoantigen or alloantibody material for the activation of DCs, and the results of experimental and clinical studies of DCs vaccines in bladder cancer.Разработка противоопухолевой вакцины для терапии рака мочевого пузыря на основе аутологичных дендритных клеток (ДК) на сегодняшний день весьма актуальна в связи с доказанной высокой иммуногенностью этого вида опухолей. Вакцинация препаратами на основе ДК демонстрирует эффективность в борьбе с онкологическими заболеваниями в качестве монотерапии и в сочетании с другими методами лечения. Применение таких вакцин считается безопасным, так как связанные с ним побочные эффекты незначительны и могут быть охарактеризованы как нежелательные явления I или II степени. При создании ДК-вакцин возникает ряд аспектов, который необходимо тщательно проработать. Среди них следует особенно выделить проблему подбора потенциальных мишеней для воздействия вакцинотерапии, способов усиления иммуногенности вакцины, выбора технологии получения достаточного количества функциональных ДК. В обзоре уделено внимание вопросам использования аутологичного и аллогенного антигенного материала для активации ДК, результатам экспериментальных и клинических исследований ДК-вакцин при раке мочевого пузыря

Стресс-тестирование развития регионов России в условиях внешнеэкономических ограничений

Purpose: is to develop the model for stress testing of the impact of external constraints of Russian regions in the context of foreign economic constraints 2022–2023.Methods: the research is based on the theory of economic dynamics, regional economy and spatial development, the concept of the BANI world; the methodological basis of the study is a scenario approach to the formation of the stress testing model and the algorithm for determining the expected impact based on the machine learning method – the artificial neural network.Results: the study of scientific publications on the research topic, analysis of shock events, post-shock consequences (2006–2022) made it possible to substantiate feasibility of testing and differentiating the response of Russian regions to external constraints, applying the criteria of “shock-resistant” development, classifying economic space and identifying the territory with “shock-resistant” and “non-shockresistant”reactions. The model of regions stress testing has been developed, industrial and sectoral (67.6% importance) and spatial (32.4%) stabilization factors have been identified, areas of vulnerability to the restrictions of 2022-2023 and industrial regions with the potential for “non-shock-resistant” type of reaction have been identified.Conclusions and Relevance: the reaction of regions to external economic shocks (the duration of the decline period and the intensity of recovery growth) is determined by the totality of the production and spatial characteristics of the regions. The results of the study are important for the development of the theory of regional economy; they can be used byfederal and regional executive authorities of the Russian Federation.Цель исследования – разработать модель стресс-тестирования влияния внешних ограничений на экономику регионов и провести диагностику ударопрочности развития в условиях реализации шоковых событий.Методы. Исследование базируется на концепции BANI-мира, теориях экономической динамики и шоков, теории пространственной экономики. Методика исследования включает применение сценарного подхода при разработке модели стресс-тестирования регионов, алгоритма идентификации «ожидаемого воздействия» шока на основе метода машинного обучения – искусственной нейронной сети.Результаты работы. Обобщение научных публикаций по теме исследования, анализ шоковых событий, постшоковых последствий (2006–2022 гг.) позволили обосновать теоретическую и прикладную целесообразность тестирования и дифференциации реакции российских регионов на внешние ограничения, применение критериев «ударопрочности» развития, классификации экономического пространства и идентификации территорий с «ударопрочной» и «неударопрочной» реакцией на шоки. Разработана модель стресс-тестирования регионов, идентифицированы производственно-отраслевые (67,6% важности) и пространственные (32,4%) факторы стабилизации, идентифицированы зоны уязвимости к ограничениям 2022–2023 гг., определены индустриальные регионы с потенциалом «неударопрочного» развития экономики при шоковых нагрузках.Выводы. Реакция регионов на внешние шоки и ограничения (длительность периода снижения и интенсивность восстановительного роста) специфична и определяется сочетанием уникальных пространственных и производственных характеристик регионов. Результаты исследования в части теоретических выводов о неоднородности регионов с позиции реакции на внешние ограничения и методического подхода к стресс-тестированию их развития расширяют теорию пространственной экономики, имеют прикладное значение для оценки «ударопрочности» субъектов РФ, прогнозирования экономического развития, формирования стратегии государственного управления регионами