Penggunaan Tepung Komposit dari Terigu, Pati Sagu dan Tepung Jagung dalam Pembuatan Roti Tawar

The purpose of this study was to obtain best combination composite flour (wheat flour, sago starch, corn flour) on the quality of white bread produced. This research was carried out experimentally using completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications in order obtain twenty experiment units. The treatments in this study were TSJ0 (100% wheat flour), TSJ1 (70%wheat flour :30% sago starch), TSJ2 (70% flour : 20% sago starch : 10% corn flour), TSJ3 (70% wheat flour : 10% sago starch : 20% corn flour) and TSJ4 (70% wheat flour : 30% corn flour). Data obtained were treated by the analysis of variance folowed by Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) the level of 5%. The results showed that the addition of sago starch and corn flour at different concentration levels significantlyaffectedon the moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate contents as well as, hedonic test, descriptive test the colour, aroma, flavor and texture of white bread. The best treatment was TSJ3, with a moisture content of 24.33%, ash content of 1.03%, fat content5.67%, protein content of 8.05%,carbohydrate levels60.92%, as well as sensory acceptable by panelist

Nonextensive Pesin identity. Exact renormalization group analytical results for the dynamics at the edge of chaos of the logistic map

We show that the dynamical and entropic properties at the chaos threshold of the logistic map are naturally linked through the nonextensive expressions for the sensitivity to initial conditions and for the entropy. We corroborate analytically, with the use of the Feigenbaum renormalization group(RG) transformation, the equality between the generalized Lyapunov coefficient $\lambda_{q}$ and the rate of entropy production $K_{q}$ given by the nonextensive statistical mechanics. Our results advocate the validity of the $q$-generalized Pesin identity at critical points of one-dimensional nonlinear dissipative maps.Comment: Revtex, 5 pages, 3 figure

Characterization of self-injected electron beams from LWFA experiments at SPARC_LAB

The plasma-based acceleration is an encouraging technique to overcome the limits of the accelerating gradient in the conventional RF acceleration. A plasma accelerator is able to provide accelerating fields up to hundreds of $GeV/m$, paving the way to accelerate particles to several MeV over a short distance (below the millimetre range). Here the characteristics of preliminary electron beams obtained with the self-injection mechanism produced with the FLAME high-power laser at the SPARC_LAB test facility are shown. In detail, with an energy laser on focus of $1.5\ J$ and a pulse temporal length (FWHM) of $40\ fs$, we obtained an electron plasma density due to laser ionization of about $6 \times 10^{18}\ cm^{-3}$, electron energy up to $350\ MeV$ and beam charge in the range $(50 - 100)\ pC$.Comment: 6 pages, 11 figures, conference EAAC201

The First Results for a New Layout of the Stay Cables for Great Span Bridges

AbstractThe air-elastic vibrations of structures induce fluctuating stresses that lead to fatigue damage accumulation and may determine structural failure without exceeding ultimate strength This paper proposes a new layout of stay cables to be used in the construction or the retrofitting of long span bridges, capable of mitigating the air-elastic problems due to environmental vibrations such as the rain-wind excitations. The structural scheme adopted was derived from the critical conditions in terms of stability obtained by referring to lateral suspension cables stayed bridge with two planes of fan pattern stay cables. The new layout consists in implementing an additional plane of cable stays placed symmetrically just under the deck bridge. The final layout of the cable stays was identified as “duplex”. The numerical investigation was carried out in the frequency domain. The results obtained show a sensible increasing of stiffness, as well as a reduction of the natural period of vibrations. In the analysis the deck was considered as thin and very light. The Duplex layout had, also, permitted to mitigate the wind effects, because the presence of the inferior stay cables simulate the viscous dampers

Acceleration with Self-Injection for an All-Optical Radiation Source at LNF

We discuss a new compact gamma-ray source aiming at high spectral density, up to two orders of magnitude higher than currently available bremsstrahlung sources, and conceptually similar to Compton Sources based on conventional linear accelerators. This new source exploits electron bunches from laser-driven electron acceleration in the so-called self-injection scheme and uses a counter-propagating laser pulse to obtain X and gamma-ray emission via Thomson/Compton scattering. The proposed experimental configuration inherently provides a unique test-bed for studies of fundamental open issues of electrodynamics. In view of this, a preliminary discussion of recent results on self-injection with the FLAME laser is also given.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, 44 references - Channeling 2012 conferenc

Frontiers of beam diagnostics in plasma accelerators: measuring the ultra-fast and ultra-cold

Advanced diagnostics are essential tools in the development of plasma-based accelerators. The accurate measurement of the quality of beams at the exit of the plasma channel is crucial to optimize the parameters of the plasma accelerator. 6D electron beam diagnostics will be reviewed with emphasis on emittance measurement, which is particularly complex due to large energy spread and divergence of the emerging beams, and on femtosecond bunch length measurements

Sensitivity to initial conditions at bifurcations in one-dimensional nonlinear maps: rigorous nonextensive solutions

Using the Feigenbaum renormalization group (RG) transformation we work out exactly the dynamics and the sensitivity to initial conditions for unimodal maps of nonlinearity $\zeta >1$ at both their pitchfork and tangent bifurcations. These functions have the form of $q$-exponentials as proposed in Tsallis' generalization of statistical mechanics. We determine the $q$-indices that characterize these universality classes and perform for the first time the calculation of the $q$-generalized Lyapunov coefficient $\lambda_{q}$. The pitchfork and the left-hand side of the tangent bifurcations display weak insensitivity to initial conditions, while the right-hand side of the tangent bifurcations presents a `super-strong' (faster than exponential) sensitivity to initial conditions. We corroborate our analytical results with {\em a priori} numerical calculations.Comment: latex, 4 figures. Updated references and some general presentation improvements. To appear published in Europhysics Letter

Conceptual design of electron beam diagnostics for high brightness plasma accelerator

A design study of the diagnostics of a high brightness linac, based on X-band structures, and a plasma accelerator stage, has been delivered in the framework of the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project. In this paper, we present a conceptual design of the proposed diagnostics, using state of the art systems and new and under development devices. Single shot measurements are preferable for plasma accelerated beams, including emittance, while $\mu$m level and fs scale beam size and bunch length respectively are requested. The needed to separate the driver pulse (both laser or beam) from the witness accelerated bunch imposes additional constrains for the diagnostics. We plan to use betatron radiation for the emittance measurement just at the end of the plasma booster, while other single-shot methods must be proven before to be implemented. Longitudinal measurements, being in any case not trivial for the fs level bunch length, seem to have already a wider range of possibilities

Near-threshold electron injection in the laser-plasma wakefield accelerator leading to femtosecond bunches

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the UK EPSRC (grant no. EP/J018171/1), the EU FP7 programmes: the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project, the Laserlab-Europe (no. 284464), and the EUCARD-2 project (no. 312453).The laser-plasma wakefield accelerator is a compact source of high brightness, ultra-short duration electron bunches. Self-injection occurs when electrons from the background plasma gain sufficient momentum at the back of the bubble-shaped accelerating structure to experience sustained acceleration. The shortest duration and highest brightness electron bunches result from self-injection close to the threshold for injection. Here we show that in this case injection is due to the localized charge density build-up in the sheath crossing region at the rear of the bubble, which has the effect of increasing the accelerating potential to above a critical value. Bunch duration is determined by the dwell time above this critical value, which explains why single or multiple ultra-short electron bunches with little dark current are formed in the first bubble. We confirm experimentally, using coherent optical transition radiation measurements, that single or multiple bunches with femtosecond duration and peak currents of several kiloAmpere, and femtosecond intervals between bunches, emerge from the accelerator.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe