An alternative proof of Godel's first incompleteness theorem

This proof of Godel's first incompleteness theorem doesn't require omega-consistency, nor does it refer to codes of negated sentences as in Rosser's. It begins from where Godel's usual proof ends, and stalks it till it ends proving it.Comment: 4 page

The Design of Crude Palm Oil Clarifier

The objective of this research was to study the settling characteristics of crude palm oil (CPO), and use them to design a crude palm oil settler so that to increase the oil recovery , and hence the oil loss in the effluent can be minimized. The apparent viscosity {'1} of CPO after dilution with water was measured and an equation for its behaviour with shear rate (r) and temperature (I') was derived: '1 = 898 exp (19001T)Y-°·61) The equation was used to model CPO settling. Two approaches to determine the design criteria of the CPO settler were followed - conventional solid/liquid analysis, as proposed by Lim (1977), and liquid/liquid analysis . The liquid/liquid analysis underestimated the required settler height by 38-53 %, and the conventional approach by 55-63 %. Finally, a coagulation Jar test was carried out to examine the effects of five coagulants in the oil recovery from the effluent. The results showed that the use of coagulant can reduce oil loss in the clarifier. The recovered oil was 3 % of the plant throughput

Nanoparticles and Surfactants-Stabilized Foam and Emulsion for Gas Mobility Control in Petroleum Reservoirs

This work proposes the use of nanoparticles (NPs) to stabilize foams/emulsions for gas mobility control and to improve the gas sweep efficiency. First, NPs were used alone to stabilize emulsion. Second, NPs and surfactants were used synergistically to improve the stability of foam. Surface modified silica NPs with DCDMS, hidden chemical, and PEG were used to assess the ability of NPs to stabilize gas-liquid emulsions at reservoir conditions. Silica modified with DCDMS was able to increase the CO2 viscosity 26-60 fold. Silica modified with hidden chemical was able to increase the CO2 viscosity 25-53 fold and N2 viscosity 22-54 fold. Finally, the presence of silica modified with PEG was able to increase the CO2 viscosity 24-49 fold. All tested materials showed an inverse relationship between the emulsion quality and viscosity. In most cases, salinity was found to have a significant impact on emulsion strength. As salinity increased, the emulsion viscosity increased, too. The concentration of NPs showed similar behavior, with NPs concentration and viscosity being directly proportional. Shear rate was found to be a crucial parameter for emulsion stability and viscosity, with a threshold shear rate being necessary to stabilize emulsions. Also, increased pressure can improve emulsion stability to produce a more viscous emulsion. The presence of NPs in all surfactant solutions enhanced foam stability and produced more viscous foams compared to surfactant alone. The presence of NPs with ENORDET A031 was able to increase the gas MRF up to 84.57 compared to 72.57 for surfactant. For the mixtures of silica NPs and nonionic surfactants, results showed that the concentration of surfactant and NPs is a crucial parameter for foam stability and that there is an optimum concentration for strong foam production. For N2 foam, the mixture of surface modified silica NPs and CNF surfactant resulted in a total recovery of 49.05% compared to 41.45% for surfactant alone. The total oil recovery for the same mixture with sc-CO2 was 80.05% of the OOIP. This is around 4% higher than the surfactant case and 8.55% higher than sc-CO2. In fractured rocks, oil recoveries during secondary production mechanisms for the mixture of surface modified silica NPs and CNF surfactant, the surfactant alone, and sc-CO2 alone were 12.62, 8.41 and 7.21% of the OOIP, respectively

A class of shrinkage estimators for the shape parameter of the Weibull lifetime model

In this paper, we propose two classes of shrinkage estimators for the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution in censored samples. The proposed estimators are studied theoretically and have been compared numerically with existing estimators. Computer intensive calculations for bias and relative efficiency show that for, different values of levels of significance and for varying constants involved in the proposed estimators, the proposed testimators fare better than classical and existing estimator

Erythrocytapheresis Service in the Basrah: Safety and Efficacy Statistics

One of the methods of treatment of sickle cell anemia is erythrocyte apheresis. This disease is widespread throughout the world, including the Middle East. This study has two goals: describe the erythrocytapheresis service at the Center in Basra (Iraq) taking into account the characteristics of the patients and the type of procedure, as well as show the safety profile of erythrocytapheresis using adverse reaction statistics

SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACETYLENIC BENZOPHENONE DERIVATIVES AS H3-ANTAGONISTS

Objective: To synthesize new amino acetylenic benzophenone derivatives with significant H3-antagonist's activity.Methods: Amino acetylenic benzophenone derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of 2-hydroxybenzophenone with 3-bromoprop-1-in to generate 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-1,3-benzophenone (AZ-1). A mixture of 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-1,3-benzophenone, paraformaldehyde, cyclic amine, cuprous chloride (catalytic amount) in peroxide free dioane through Mannich reaction yielded the designed amino acetylenic benzophenone derivatives (AZ-2-7).Results: The IR, H1-NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis were consistent with the assigned structures. The designers of these compounds as H3-antagonists were based on the nationalization of the important criteria that provide effective inhibitory binding with H3-receptor. Molecular docking results of compounds (AZ-2-7) showed a good H3-receptor antagonistic activity relative to thioperamide of-6 (kcal/mol) especially AZ-2 which has-8.6 (kcal/mol).Conclusion: Docking results provide a good lead to designing more effective H3 antagonists in managing many CNS diseases like Alzheimer, epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia and many others

A new species of \u3cem\u3eScorpio\u3c/em\u3e from Jordan (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)

A new species Scorpio granulomanus sp. n. is described and illustrated from Dibbeen Forest, Jerash Governorate, Jordan. The new species is compared with the previously recorded species of the genus Scorpio L., 1758 in the Middle East; it can be distinguished from all other congeners by its very large, pointed granules on the dorsoexternal surface of the chela manus, and an untypically elongated chela manus

DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF AMINOACETYLENIC TETRAHYDROPHTHALIMIDE ANALOGUES AS NOVEL CYCLOOXYGENASE (COX) INHIBITORS

Objective: To design and synthesise a new amino acetylenic tetrahydro phthalimide derivative and investigate their selective inhibitory activity to COXs.Methods: Aminoacetylenic tetrahydro phthalimide derivatives were synthesised by alkylation of tetrahydro phthalimide with propargyl bromide afforded 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione. The alkylated tetrahydro phthalimide was subjected to Mannich reaction afforded the desired amino acetylenic tetra phthalimide derivatives (AZ 1-6). The elemental analysis was indicated by the EuroEA elemental analyzer and biological characterization was via IR, 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, DSC was determined with the aid of Bruker FT-IR and Varian 300 MHz spectrometer and DMSO-d6 as a solvent, molecular docking was done using the Autodock Tool software (version 4.2). ChemBioDraw was used in the drawing of our schemes.Results: The IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DSC and elemental analysis were consistent with the assigned structures. The designers of the compounds as COXs inhibitor activity were based on the nationalisation of the important criteria that provide effective inhibitory binding with COXs–receptor. The results indicated that the synthesised compounds (AZ1-6) showed a close similarity in the binding affinity to both COXs and may be more specific to COX-1. AZ-5 showed the highest % of inhibition for COX-1 even better than aspirin. Which may suggest that the aryl group is required for COX-2 inhibition.Conclusion: For the first time, we indicate the requirement of aromaticity in COX-2 structural inhibitory activity.Â

The effect of the operating conditions on the apparent viscosity of crude palm oil during separation

This paper discusses the apparent viscosity of crude palm oil, using rotary viscometer, under different boundary conditions. It was experimentally shown that the apparent viscosity of palm oil drops with increasing shear rate and temperature. However, the effect of temperature on the viscosity tends to fade at temperatures beyond 80"C. A correlation between the apparent viscosity of crude palm oil and the operating conditions was developed. The derived correlation represents well the experimental data. This correlation can be used in design of crude palm oil settlers and in determining the optimum operating conditions