Comparison the functional properties of protein hydrolysates from poultry by-products and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) viscera

Poultry by-products and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) viscera are abundant and underutilized resources that can be used as a unique protein source to make protein hydrolysates. In this study protein hydrolysate were made from these two different sources with Alcalase 2.4L. The functional properties of Fish viscera protein hydrolysate (FPH) compared to poultry by-products protein hydrolysate (PPH) were studied: Solubility, water holding capacity (WHC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), colour, emulsifying and foaming properties. Furthermore, the products were characterized by analyzing their amino acid composition. WHC, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability and foaming properties and color of the FPH was significantly (P 0.05) different. Methionine and histidine in both protein hydrolysates were the limiting amino acids and FPH had more hydrophobic residue. The differences in the amino acid composition between PPH and FPH may also be responsible for their different behaviours at various pH

Periodic solution to a nonlinear oscillator arising in micro electro mechanical system

In this paper, a periodic solution of nonlinear oscillator arising in the micro-beam based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) has been analytically achieved. The Amplitude Frequency Formulation (AFF) and Max Min Approach (MMA) have been used. In the second method (which is called MMA), an approximate solution of the nonlinear equation can be easily deduced by finding Maximal and minimal solution thresholds of this nonlinear problem. What we understood is that both methods, works properly and scales down the deal of the work. Compare conclusions with the results from fourth order Runge-Kutta method and energy balance method (EBM) shows that obtained results are of high accuracy and convenient

Ectoparasite infection of Carassius carassius in water resources of west Azerbaijan, Iran

Various parasite species were found in Carassius carassius including Diplostomum spathaceum, Dactylogyrus sp.,Gyrodactylus sp. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodinia sp . They were found in four rivers in West Azerbaijan Province (North-Western Iran) . A total of 207 live Carassius carassius from four rivers including Aras (72) Zariyneh (42) Nazlo (58) and Barandoz (35) were studied. Parasitological surveys were carried out on gills and external organs. The results showed that Diplostomum spathaceum (70.83%) Dactylogyrus sp. (38.88%) Gyrodactylus sp. ) 22.22%) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (48.61%) Trichodinia sp. (8.33%) Chilodonella sp. (12.50%) and Argulus sp. (76.19%) were found in fish from Aras Rive so that the result showed, Spathaceum (63.79%) Dactylogyrus sp. (36.20%) Gyrodactylus sp. (25.86%) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (44.82%) Trichodinia sp. (18.96%) Chilodonella sp. (12.06%) and Argulus sp. (6.89%). Argulus prevalence was greater in Barandoz River while Chilodonella in Zariyneh rud River . In Barandoz River, Diplostomum spathaceum (65.71%) Dactylogyrus sp. (37.14%) Gyrodactylus sp. (22.85%) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (31.42%) Trichodinia sp. (25.71%) Chilodonella sp. (8.57%) and Argulus sp. (5.71%) were reported, respectively. Finally, in Zariyneh rud river, the followings have been reported: Diplostomum spathaceum (76.19%) Dactylogyrus sp. (21.42%) Gyrodactylus sp. (14.28%) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (52.38%) Trichodinia sp. (23.80%) Chilodonella sp. (14.28%) and Argulus sp. (7.14%). It should be noted that prevalence , intensity and host parasite relationship will be discussed in details in this article

The Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxin Recognition Using a Sensor Designed by Nanosilica and SEA genotyping by Multiplex PCR

Considering the ever increasing population and industrialization of the developmental trend of human life, we are no longer able to detect the toxins produced in food products using the traditional techniques. This is due to the fact that the isolation time for food products is not cost-effective, and even in most of the cases, the precision of practical techniques like bacterial cultivation and other techniques suffers from operator errors, or the errors of the mixtures used. Hence, with the advent of nanotechnology, the design of selective and smart sensors has turned into one of the greatest industrial revelations of the quality control of food products that, in few minutes time and with a very high precision, can identify the volume and toxicity of the bacteria. In this research, based on the bacterial antibody's connection to nanoparticles, a sensor was used. In this part of the research, as the basis for absorption for the recognition of bacterial toxin, medium sized silica nanoparticles of 10 nm in the form of solid powder were utilized with Notrino brand. Then the suspension produced from the agent-linked nanosilica, which was connected to the bacterial antibody, was positioned near the samples of distilled water, which were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus bacterial toxin with the density of  10-3 molar, so that in case any toxin exists in the sample, a connection between the toxin antigen and the antibody would be formed. Finally, the light absorption related to the connection of antigen to the particle-attached antibody was measured using spectrophotometry. The 23S rRNA gene that is conserved in all Staphylococcus spp. was used as the control. The accuracy of the test was monitored by using the serial dilution (l0-6) of overnight cell culture of Staphylococcus spp. bacteria (OD600: 0.02 = 107 cell). It showed that the sensitivity of PCR is 10 bacteria per ml of cells within few hours. The results indicated that the sensor detects up to 10-4molar density. Additionally, the sensitivity of the sensor was examined after 60 days; by the 56 day, it had confirmatory results, which started to decrease after this time. Comparison of practical nanobiosensory method with the conventional methods including culture and bio-technology methods (such as polymerase chain reaction) confirmed its accuracy, sensitiveness and uniqueness.  It also reduces the time from hours to 30 minutes

Co-infection with bacterial and fungal endocarditis at scar tissue in an immunocompromised patient

We present the case of a 65-year-old immunocompromised male with a history of kidney transplantation, diabetes, coronary artery bypass, and cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation who was finally diagnosed with an unusual form of infective endocarditis due to co-infection of fungal and bacterial pathogens. He was afebrile at the time of admission and presented with decompensated heart failure and pneumonia. A spleen abscess was discovered incidentally and prompted us to search for a cardiac source of emboli. Culture of the suppurative fluid drained percutaneously from the abscess was positive for Enterococcus and Aspergillus species. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a mobile vegetation attached to the scarred myocardium of anterior septum � an unusual location for intracardiac vegetations. With regard to the prohibitive risk for redo surgery, the patient was managed medically with broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Finally, the patient died with severe sepsis. © 2018 Japanese College of Cardiolog

Is morphology in Cercospora a reliable reflection of generic affinity?

Cercospora (Mycosphaerellaceae) is a large genus of fungi comprising many important plant pathogens. In recent years DNA-based studies have revealed multiple genera of cercosporoid fungi being poly- and paraphyletic. Among these genera, the genus Cercospora has always been perceived as monophyletic. In the present study, phylogenetic inferences based on partial gene sequences of the LSU, ITS, ACT, TEF1-α and HIS loci, elucidated a cercospora-like taxon from Ammi majus to cluster in a clade apart from Cercospora s. str. In spite of numerous Cercospora spp. presently known from their DNA sequence data, this collection represents the first concrete evidence to the fact that the morphological characters previously attributed to Cercospora s. str. evolved more than once in the Mycosphaerellaceae. The genus Neocercospora is subsequently introduced to accommodate the Iranian taxon occurring on A. majus. Further collections on other hosts and from different continents are now required to establish the prevalence and relative importance of species of Neocercospora.Laboratory of Evolutionary Phytopathology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, the Research Deputy of the University of Tabriz and the Studienstiftung für mykologische Systematik und Ökologie.http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxahb201

Application of the consolidated species concept to Cercospora spp. from Iran

The genus Cercospora includes many important plant pathogenic fungi associated with leaf spot diseases on a wide range of hosts. The mainland of Iran covers various climatic regions with a great biodiversity of vascular plants, and a correspondingly high diversity of cercosporoid fungi. However, most of the cercosporoid species found to date have been identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and there are no cultures that support these identifications. In this study the Consolidated Species Concept was applied to differentiate Cercospora species collected from Iran. A total of 161 Cercospora isolates recovered from 74 host species in northern Iran were studied by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Our results revealed a rich diversity of Cercospora species in northern Iran. Twenty species were identified based on sequence data of five genomic loci (ITS, TEF1-α, actin, calmodulin and histone H3), host, cultural and morphological data. Six novel species, viz. C. convolvulicola, C. conyzae-canadensis, C. cylindracea, C. iranica, C. pseudochenopodii and C. sorghicola, are introduced. The most common taxon was Cercospora cf. flagellaris, which remains an unresolved species complex with a wide host range. New hosts were recorded for previously known Cercospora species, including C. apii, C. armoraciae, C. beticola, C. cf. richardiicola, C. rumicis, Cercospora sp. G and C. zebrina.The Research Deputy of the University of Tabriz, the Studienstiftung für mykologische Systematik und Ökologie and the CBSKNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre.http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimjam201