СИНТАКСИС УТРАТЫ

The article attempts to reveal the cultural trauma through the concept of «loss» which allows us to consider the cultural trauma using functional universalization of values. Term «loss» is more universal term, it consists of both trauma and sacrifice. Sacrifice involves the recognition of transience. In opposite of it, trauma actualized by impossibility of accepting of loss. Trauma does not allow to abandon the traumatic feeling of reality, which employs mechanisms of historical or personal memory. They are based on the construction of past time and lost space. Any loss (both trauma and sacrifice) expands historically, i.e. narrative. The loss itself is neutral and its expanding depends on the chosen vector of the design (as a sacrifice, or as a trauma), it depends on which elements are enhanced and which ones are alienated (excluded) in the process of actualization. Given all this, it can be argued loss has constructive character. There is own syntax into the basis of each concrete loss construct.В статье предпринимается попытка раскрыть феномен культурной травмы через концепт «утраты», который позволяет подходить к рассмотрению культурной травмы через функциональную универсализацию значений. Травма противопоставляется жертве как феномену культуры, но обе они описываются как утраты. Жертва – утрата, которая предполагает признание невозвратности, в то время как травма оказывается актуализована невозможностью принятия утраты. Травма не позволяет отказаться от травматического переживания реальности, которое задействует механизмы исторической или индивидуальной памяти, построенные на конструировании прошедшей реальности. Любая утрата (и жертва и травма) разворачивается исторически, т.е. нарративно. Утрата сама по себе нейтральна, разворачивание ее зависит от избранного вектора ее конструирования (как жертва или как травма), от того, какие элементы в процессе актуализации усиливаются, а какие вытесняются. Учитывая все это, можно утверждать конструктивный характер утраты. В основе каждого конкретного конструкта утраты лежит соответствующий синтаксис

Моторвагонные грузовые электропоезда – альтернатива локомотивной тяге. Сравнение и анализ

The advantages of introduction of modular freight electric trains in comparison with freight trains using locomotive traction are described, the main prerequisites for introduction of a distributed multiple-unit freight traction are indicated. The results of comparison of the technology of transportation with traction by locomotive situated at the head of the train and by the train with self-propelled coaches, as well as the analysis of traction calculations of two types of trains are suggested. The international experience of developing freight trains with distributed traction is described.The main directions of implementation of the concept of accelerating freight transportation on the territory of the Russian Federation are noted. It is concluded that in modern conditions, when speed becomes an economic category, it is necessary to create rolling stock of a new generation (wheel and magnetic suspension), and introduction of freight trains with distributed traction becomes extremely relevant.Описаны преимущества внедрения модульных грузовых электропоездов в сравнении с грузовыми поездами локомотивной тяги, указаны основные предпосылки для внедрения распределённой моторвагонной грузовой тяги. Приведены результаты сравнения технологии перевозок тягой в голове поезда и поездом с моторными вагонами в составе, а также анализ тяговых расчётов двух видов поездов. Описан международный опыт создания грузовых поездов распределённой тяги.Отмечены основные направления реализации концепции ускорения грузовых перевозок по территории Российской Федерации. Делается вывод, что в современных условиях, когда скорость становится экономической категорией, необходимо создавать подвижной состав нового поколения (колёсный и на магнитном подвесе), а вопросы внедрения грузовых поездов распределённой тяги вновь становятся крайне актуальными

ПРОЦЕСС НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ НАРОДОВ ФИНЛЯНДИИ В XIXВЕКЕ: ФЕННОМАНИЯ И ФЕННОФИЛЬСТВО

The article presents the national identification plans used in the 19th century in Finland. The need to separate from Swedish and Russian linguistic, political, mythological content of culture leads to the formation of independent identity programs, such as fennophilia and fennomania. Against the background of the programs of the romantic nationalism of other European nations, Finnish looks quite distinctive, although it repeats the main The article presents the national identification plans used in the 19th century in Finland. The need to separate from Swedish and Russian linguistic, political, mythological content of culture leads to the formation of independent identity programs, such as fennophilia and fennomania. Against the background of the programs of the romantic nationalism of other European nations, Finnish looks quite distinctive, although it repeats the main.В статье представлены стратегии национальной идентификации, использовавшиеся в 19 веке на территории Финляндии. Необходимость отстроиться не только от шведского, но и от русского языкового, политического, мифологического содержания культуры приводит к формированию самостоятельных программ идентичности, как феннофильство и фенномания. На фоне программ романтического национализма других европейских народов финская выглядит достаточно самобытно, хотя и повторяет основные направления поиска оснований идентичности. Фенномания оказала большое влияние на формирование карелианизма в конце XIX века, художественных поисков в финском модернизме

Оцінка ефективності селективної артеріальної емболізації у хворих з доброякісною гіперплазією передміхурової залози та високим операційним ризиком

Мета. Покращити результати хірургічної реабілітації хворих з доброякісною гіперплазією передміхурової залози (ДГПЗ) та високим операційним ризиком, обгрунтувавши диференційований підхід до застосування селективної артеріальної емболізації (САЕ) та монополярної трансуретральної резекції передміхурової залози (ТУРПЗ). Матеріали і методи. Досліджено шляхом аналізу ефективність та безпечність САЕ передміхурової залози (ПЗ) як методу лікування симптомів нижніх сечовивідних шляхів (СНСШ) у хворих з ДГПЗ та високим операційним ризиком у порівнянні з ТУРПЗ. Аналіз базувався на систематичному вивченні функціональних результатів та ускладнень у 33 хворих основної групи, яким виконали САЕ, та у 39 хворих порівняльної групи, яким виконали ТУРПЗ. Результати. Хворі, яким виконали САЕ, не мали операційної травми, у них був низький ризик виникнення післяопераційних ускладнень, коротший післяопераційний період, покращились показники: Міжнародної шкали оцінки простатичних симптомів (IPSS) - на 47,8%, шкали оцінки якості життя (QoL) - на 53,3%, максимальної об’ємної швидкості струменя сечі (Qmax) - на 58,4% на фоні зменшення об’єму ПЗ на 28,6% та об’єму залишкової сечі на 55,3% протягом 24 міс спостереження, що є підставою вважати САЕ ПЗ ефективним та безпечним методом мініінвазивного лікування ДГПЗ у хворих з високим операційним ризиком. Після монополярної ТУРПЗ результати були подібні: покращення показників IPSS - на 50%, QoL - на 65,1%, Qmax - на 59,2%, зменшення об’єму ПЗ - на 31,6% та об’єму залишкової сечі - на 64,6%, але даний метод супроводжувався статистично більшою частотою післяопераційних ускладнень, що погіршувало рівень періопераційної безпеки. Висновки. Результати дослідження засвідчили, що САЕ є ефективним та безпечним методом лікування хворих з ДГПЗ та високим операційним ризиком, за результативністю порівнянним з ТУРПЗ, але з меншим ризиком виникнення післяопераційних ускладнень. САЕ може бути методом вибору у хворих похилого віку з вираженою супутньою патологією, які мають протипоказання до стандартного оперативного втручання або утримуються від нього з інших причин

Anticoagulation after typical atrial flutter ablation

The specifics of the anticoagulant therapy after radiofrequency ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus have not been sufficiently studied, therefore, the recommendations for prescribing the anticoagulant therapy usually do not distinguish between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. In contrast to the case of atrial fibrillation, the effectiveness of the interventional treatment for typical atrial flutter reaches 90%. This procedure may save the patient from a long-term anticoagulant therapy in the absence of recurrence of typical atrial flutter. The decision to stop the anticoagulant therapy after successful radiofrequency ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus should take into account the potential induction of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing the interventional treatment. In addition to the CHA2DS2-VASc scale, which characterizes the patient's comorbidity, it is important to take into account the echocardiographic morphofunctional criteria to assess the risk of atrial fibrillation. Currently, this protocol is not regulated in the clinical guidelines. The analysis of the literature data and the authors' own experience allow us to conclude that the optimal time for stopping the anticoagulant therapy is a relapse-free period of 34 months after the radiofrequency ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus, since it is at this time that the effectiveness of the interventional treatment can be objectified

Cardiopulmonary Test As A Component in the Diagnostic Algorithm for Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Background: Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction account for more than half of all hospitalizations because of heart failure. On the other hand, atrial fibrillation and heart failure are quite often diagnosed together and one disease influences the development of the other. Timely and accurate diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is the basis for effective treatment of this category of patients. In 2019, the HFA-PEFF algorithm of diagnosis heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (including patients with atrial fibrillation) was proposed. However, the algorithm implies cardiac catheterization in patients at intermediate risk, which involves certain difficulties and cannot be used in routine practice. As an alternative to cardiac catheterization in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, we proposed a noninvasive diagnostic method cardiopulmonary test. However, the value of cardiopulmonary test technique has not been conclusively studied, especially in patients with a combination of chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the cardiopulmonary test in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: 138 patients with atrial fibrillation were included in our study. Using HFA-PEFF algorithm (algorithm for diagnosis of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction) all patients were initially divided into 3 groups: low probability of heart failure 23 patients, intermediate probability 96 and high probability 19 patients. The stress-test allowed to precisely assess of patients at intermediate risk and finally form the groups: Group 1 without heart failure, 85 patients (61.6%); Group 2 patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, 53 patients (38.4%). The next diagnostic stage was cardiopulmonary test. Results: During cardiopulmonary test, the anaerobic exercise threshold was 6.8 and 4.85 METs for the first and second groups, respectively (p 0.001), reflecting lower exercise tolerance in the second group of patients. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in pro-BNP levels with a decrease in peak VO2 (p 0.001). Also, analysis of variance demonstrated a significant statistical difference with respect to systolic pulmonary artery pressure in the subgroups with severely, moderately reduced oxygen consumption and in the group with normal peak VO2 (p=0.01). ROC analysis determined a peak VO2 of 20 ml/kg/min, above which the HFA-PEFF algorithm was unlikely to detect heart failure (AUC 0.73; confidence interval 0.650.82; p=0.043; sensitivity 85%; specificity 51%). Conclusion: The cardiopulmonary test is a reliable instrumental non-invasive method in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Tumor inflating lymphocytes. Purification, expanding and cytotoxicity analisys on primary tumor cultures

Background. Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) is one of the most promising sources of autologous cytotoxic T-cells for adoptive immunotherapy, which has already shown high efficiency in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, the isolation of TILs from solid tumors is technically difficult. A suppressive tumor microenvironment, in particular, a high level of expression of check-point inhibitors PD-1 CTLA4, tissue hypoxia and other factors cause that T cells isolated from the tumor do not proliferate well and do not exhibit cytotoxic properties. Aims. In this study, we isolated TILs from surgical material obtained by resection of solid tumors (primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas of various localization, melanoma, glioblastoma), studied their population composition and developed protocols for the purification expanding, and activation of CD4+, CD8+ cytotoxic antitumor lymphocytes. Methods. An urgent task is the activation of TILs, turning off immunosuppressive mechanisms and increasing their antitumor cytotoxic activity. Various approaches are used for this: activation by a cocktail of cytokines and antibodies, editing the lymphocyte genome by knocking out suppressor genes or, conversely, transduction of activating genes, coincubation with feeder cells, etc. Cells were obtained from samples of resected tumors in 16 patients; in each case we obtain an autologous pair: the primary tumor culture and the TILs culture. Results. We could isolate viable lymphocytes in 100% of cases. Isolated TILs were successfully expanded in our specialized medium using various combinations of IL-2, IL-15, IL-21, IL-7, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Immunophenotyping showed that the obtained TILs are a heterogeneous mixture of CD4+, CD8+ cells containing populations of CD3+CD8+CD45+(CTL) CD3+CD4+CD45+ (T-helpers), CD4+CD25+CD127- (Т-regulatory cells), CD3-CD56+CD45+ (NK-cells), CD3+CD56+CD45+ (Т-NK-cells). The initial cultures of TILs were also characterized by a high level of PD1 expression, indicating their low antitumor cytotoxicity. Using different protocols of isolation, expansion, and activation, we obtained a cell preparation containing 80% of CD8+ PD-1- activated TILs in an amount sufficient for adoptive therapy (500106 or more). An in vitro study of the cytotoxicity of obtained TILs in primary cultures of homologous tumors using RTCA Icelligence showed high cytotoxicity, providing almost 100% tumor cell death. Conclusion. Our developed protocol for the production and activation of TILs can be recommended for the phase III clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy of recurrent, highly metastatic solid tumors

Pandemic Politics in Eurasia:Roadmap for a New Research Subfield

The sudden onset of the coronavirus pandemic has challenged many scholars of the social sciences to proceed in the absence of a robust theoretical research foundation upon which to build. This article seeks to help scholars meet this challenge, particularly as it pertains to Eurasia, through bringing together a multinational group of scholars in order to develop the roadmap for a new pandemic politics research subfield. It begins with a discussion of how states are responding to COVID-19 before moving into an exploration of reciprocal interactions between the pandemic and society, political economy, regime type, center-periphery relations, and international security. Finally, it discusses the potential novel contributions of a theoretical foundation rooted in the Foucauldian concept of “biopolitics.” Ultimately, we hope to spark an ongoing conversation regarding how political science and the social sciences more broadly can be used to understand the impacts of the pandemic and inform policymaking amidst the current and potential future pandemics

Pandemic Politics in Eurasia:Roadmap for a New Research Subfield

© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The sudden onset of COVID-19 has challenged many social scientists to proceed without a robust theoretical and empirical foundation upon which to build. Addressing this challenge, particularly as it pertains to Eurasia, our multinational group of scholars draws on past and ongoing research to suggest a roadmap for a new pandemic politics research subfield. Key research questions include not only how states are responding to the new coronavirus, but also reciprocal interactions between the pandemic and society, political economy, regime type, center-periphery relations, and international security. The Foucauldian concept of “biopolitics” holds out particular promise as a theoretical framework

Retraction notice on the article by A.S. Zotov et al. ‘Short-Term Results of Two Strategies in Thoracoscopic Ablation for Lone Atrial Fibrillation’ doi: 10.17816/clinpract110719

Editorial board of the journal informs authors about the retraction of the article Short-Term Results of Two Strategies in Thoracoscopic Ablation for Lone Atrial Fibrillation published in Journal of Clinical Practice 13(3) 2022 by A.S. Zotov, O.Yu. Pidanov, I.S. Osmanov, A.V. Troitsky, A.A. Silaev, E.R. Sakharov, V.N. Sukhotin, O.O. Shelest, R.I. Khabazov, D.A. Timashkov. The reason for the retraction is the publication ethics violation in terms of authorship criteria. Not all authors whose names appear on the article made substantial contributions to the study drafted/revised the manuscript and approved the version to be published. Retraction made on January 09, 2023 with approve from the Editor-in-Chief