Content and interpretation of the conceptual apparatus of risk management project

One of the important management processes is the identification and management of risks. The article considers the main causes of uncertainty and the occurrence of risk events. The attitude of the authors and standards is presented, the interpretations of the concepts of “risk management” and “risk management” are systematized. The main groups of interpretations of the concept of risk are highlighted, according to which different authors and standards share the concepts. Special attention is paid to the tasks that face the risk management process. A proprietary interpretation of the definition is proposed and justified, taking into account the peculiarities of the risk management process in terms of the stages of risk management, positive and negative consequences, systematic, consistent and cyclical actions in the risk management process in project activities

ENDOSIALOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SIALOLITHIASIS

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of endosialoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with sialolithiasis. Material and methods. 106 clinical observations were analyzed in which computed tomography (multislice spiral computed tomography or cone-beam computed tomography) without contrast, salivary gland ultrasound and endosialoscopy were used to diagnose and treat patients with sialolithiasis. In the process of diagnostic sialoscopy, the patency of the ducts, the presence of strictures and dilatations, the condition of their walls, the severity of the vascular pattern, the integrity of the epithelial lining, the contents of the ducts, the presence of mucus, pus, and, of course, the presence of sialolites, their number, size, shape, density were evaluated. Results and discussion. Endoscopy allows you to get unique information about sialolite and the state of the ductal apparatus, which determines the method of further treatment. Endosialoscopy can be used as a standard diagnostic method for suspected sialolithiasis and for the removal of sialolites (using endoscopic instruments) or as assistance. At the same time, diagnostic endosialoscopy is not an exhaustive method; therefore it should be carried out in conjunction with other methods – computed tomography or ultrasound of the salivary glands. The possibility of endoscopic sialolite removal depends on its mobility, size, location and condition of the duct. Attempts to capture and remove fixed sialolites, which are only partially visible and located in the deep sections of the salivary gland beyond the bend or stenosis section using endoscopic techniques, have been unsuccessful

EXPERIENCE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BENIGN TUMORS AND DYSPLATIC PROCESSES OF THE MANDIBLE BY THE METHOD OF REPLANTATION OF THE RECTURAL BONE, SUBJECTED TO FREEZING

The purpose of the study is the development of indications and evaluation of the long-term results of surgical treatment of benign tumors and dysplastic processes of the mandible by the method of replantation of resected bone exposed to extraorganic freezing. Material and methods. A method for the surgical treatment of benign tumors and dysplastic processes of the mandible has been developed. It involves resection of an afflicted by pathological process segment of bone within healthy tissues, its mechanical processing, freezing in liquid nitrogen followed by slow thawing, and replantation. The evaluation of the treatment results has been carried out on the base of clinical, radiation and functional research methods. Long-term follow-up after surgery has been ranged from one to 25 years. Results and discussion. Positive results of surgical treatment were recorded in 72 patients (88,9 %). The indications for the developed method use have been established. It was found that the reconstruction of the mandible with a resected bone segment exposed to extraorganic cryosurgery, eliminates the recurrence of a benign tumor, provides for the restoration of the anatomical integrity of the jaw, and reduces the invasiveness of the operation. Conclusion. Long-term clinical experience has shown that mandible direct reconstruction in the surgical treatment of benign tumors and dysplastic processes with the method of resection, external freezing of the afflicted jaw area and its replantation is available, simple, and highly effective and can be recommended in the practice of medical institutions

DYNAMIC FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF TEMPOROMANDIBALAR JOINT

The aim of the study was to compare the potential of fast pulse sequences and traditional static images for evaluation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) biomechanics and to optimize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol of TMJ by inclusion of dynamic scanning to improve the diagnosis of internal derangements. Material and methods. Dynamic MRI with HASTE and true-FISP pulse sequences was integrated into conventional MRI examination of TMJ in 16 symptomatic patients with pain, restricted motion and clicking in the joint. MRI was performed on superconductive 1.5 T scanner Magnetom Espree (Siemens, Germany). The presence of motion and susceptibility artifacts, range of mandible head motion and intrarticular disc location in different jaw positions were analyzed when comparing static and dynamic series. Results and discussion. HASTE was chosen for dynamic functional MRI of TMJ because it was less prone to susceptibility artifacts and provided better tissue contrast compared to true-FISP. Our initial experience has demonstrated dynamic scanning to be a time-efficient supplementary technique providing detailed information about TMJ biomechanics during active jaw movements at a high temporal resolution compared to traditional MRI examination. However, minimal anterior disc dislocation could be missed on dynamic series due to poor visualization of the posterior disc band on full closing. The further optimization of dynamic scanning technique on a large patients group using principles of the evidence-based medicine is needed. This would allow improving the diagnosis and assisting clinicians to optimize treatment strategy in a wide range of TMJ disorders

Brief communication: Alternation of thaw zones and deep permafrost in the cold climate conditions of the East Siberian Mountains, Suntar-Khayata Range

The Suntar-Khayata Range includes numerous natural phenomena interacting with or depending on permafrost conditions. Here, we examine some patterns of deep permafrost and talik zones on adjacent sites. A 210 m deep borehole in siltstone bedrock was equipped for the temperature monitoring of the topmost 15 m and measurements of a deep permafrost temperature profile in July 2010. The temperature curvature in the upper part has a bend, which is consistent with the upper portion justified by climate warming, and shows a steady-state linear geothermal profile below 85 m depth with a high geothermal heat flux. A shallow borehole situated at the river floodplain was used to investigate the thaw zone's temperature regime. The temperatures down to 6.7 m deep have been monitored at 5 min intervals during heavy rainfall, and the temperature readings have behaved quite peculiarly. The thickness of the seasonal freezing layer reaches 5.7 m; moreover the ground temperature increases to 6 ∘C at 6.7 m depth by groundwater heat transfer. This study provides some new insights into the permafrost condition at one of the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere.</p

The Memory of the Vietnam War in American Culture During the 1970s: Strategies for Representing the Veteran Figure

Статья поступила в редакцию 15.10.2023; одобрена после рецензирования 30.10.2023; принята к публикации 01.11.2023.The article was submitted 15.10.2023; approved after reviewing 30.10.2023; accepted for publication 01.11.2023.В статье рассматриваются формирование проектов постконфликтного человека в культуре США после войны во Вьетнаме и связанный с ними процесс «индустриализации памяти». Цель статьи — критически рассмотреть роль СМИ, общественных и академических дискуссий, кинематографа и литературы в формировании постконфликтного института «индустрии памяти» в США с конца 1970-х гг. и показать, как происходит тривиализация травмы в культуре постконфликтного периода, что приводит к рождению целой индустрии вокруг коллективной памяти, абсорбирующей и замещающей персональный опыт участников конфликта. Кроме того, дается оценка продуктивного потенциала рассмотренных проектов человека для осмысления опыта насилия и построения постконфликтного общества.The article analyses a formation of postconflict human development projects in the USA culture after the Vietnam War and related to them process of “industrialization of memory”. The purpose of this research is to critically examine a part of mass media, public and academic discussions, cinema and literature in creation of postconflict institute of “memory industry” in USA since late 1970s and to demonstrate, how trivialization of trauma in postconflict culture leads to rising of industry, which employs collective memory, absorbing personal experience and producing its substitutes. In conclusion we evaluate productive potential of analyzed human development projects for conceptualization of violence and design of postconflict society.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, грант № 23–18–00851 «Проектирование человека в постконфликтной ситуации: концепции, институции и практики» (https://rscf.ru/project/23-18-00851/).The research was conducted at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation № 23-18-00851 “Recovering humanity in post-conflict situation: concepts, institutions, practices” (https://rscf.ru/project/23-18-00851/)

Amplification of Frequency-Modulated Similariton Pulses in Length-Inhomogeneous Active Fibers

The possibility of an effective gain of the self-similar frequency-modulated (FM) wave packets is studied in the lengthinhomogeneous active fibers. The dynamics of parabolic pulses with the constant chirp has been considered. The optimal profile for the change of the group-velocity dispersion corresponding to the optimal similariton pulse amplification has been obtained. It is shown that the use of FM pulses in the active (gain) and length-inhomogeneous optical fibers with the normal group-velocity dispersion can provide subpicosecond optical pulse amplification up to the energies higher than 1 nJ

Discovery of a novel non-narcotic analgesic derived from the CL-20 explosive: Synthesis, pharmacology, and target identification of thiowurtzine, a potent inhibitor of the opioid receptors and the ion channels

The number of candidate molecules for new non-narcotic analgesics is extremely limited. Here, we report the identification of thiowurtzine, a new potent analgesic molecule with promising application in chronic pain treatment. We describe the chemical synthesis of this unique compound derived from the hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) explosive molecule. Then, we use animal experiments to assess its analgesic activity in vivo upon chemical, thermal, and mechanical exposures, compared to the effect of several reference drugs. Finally, we investigate the potential receptors of thiowurtzine in order to better understand its complex mechanism of action. We use docking, molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify and characterize the potential targets of the drug and confirm the results of the animal experiments. Our findings finally indicate that thiowurtzine may have a complex mechanism of action by essentially targeting the mu opioid receptor, the TRPA1 ion channel, and the Cav voltage-gated calcium channel