Collision of viscoelastic bodies: Rigorous derivation of dissipative force

We report a new theory of dissipative forces acting between colliding viscoelastic bodies. The impact velocity is assumed not to be large, to avoid plastic deformations and fragmentation at the impact. The bodies may be of an arbitrary convex shape and of different materials. We develop a mathematically rigorous perturbation scheme to solve the continuum mechanics equation that deals with both displacement and displacement rate fields and accounts for the dissipation in the bulk of the material. The perturbative solution of this equation allows to go beyond the previously used quasi-static approximation and obtain the dissipative force. This force does not suffer from the physical inconsistencies of the latter approximation and depends on particle deformation and deformation rate.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1410.328

Analysis of the forms and systems of remuneration in the construction

This article describes the existing forms and systems of remuneration in the construction industry. also reviewed international experience in the promotion of workers. The author formulated the principles that must be met in perfect system of remuneration

Improving the system of remuneration in small enterprises of the construction industry

This paper describes the principles of effective system of remuneration. The author represents the structure of the remuneration system, which will be effective for increasing productivity in companies with a small number of employees in the construction industry

Analysis of the forms and systems of remuneration in the construction

This article describes the existing forms and systems of remuneration in the construction industry. also reviewed international experience in the promotion of workers. The author formulated the principles that must be met in perfect system of remuneration

VASA-induced cytoplasmic localization of CYTB-positive mitochondrial substance occurs by destructive and nondestructive mitochondrial effusion, respectively, in early and late spermatogenic cells of the Manila clam

To analyze the release of mitochondrial material, a process that is believed to be (i) induced by the VASA protein derived from germplasm granules, and (ii) which appears to play an important role during meiotic differentiation, the localization of the CYTB protein was studied in the process of spermatogenesis of the bivalve mollusk Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam). It was found that in early spermatogenic cells, such as spermatogonia and spermatocytes, the CYTB protein shows dispersion in the cytoplasm following the total disaggregation of VASA-invaded mitochondria, what is called here as \u201cdestructive mitochondrial effusion (DME).\u201d It was found that the mitochondria of the maturing sperm cells also uptake VASA. It is accompanied by extramitochondrial transmembrane localization of CYTB assuming mitochondrial content release without mitochondrion demolishing. This phenomenon is called here as \u201cnondestructive mitochondrial effusion (NDME).\u201d Thus, in the spermatogenesis of the Manila clam, two patterns of mitochondrial release, DME and NDME, were found, which function, respectively, in early spermatogenic cells and in maturing spermatozoa. Despite the morphological difference, it is assumed that both DME and NDME have a similar functional nature. In both cases, the intramitochondrial localization of VASA coincides with the extramitochondrial localization of the mitochondrial matrix