149 research outputs found
Russian-Estonian economic and investment cooperation during the crisis: dynamics and possibilities
The article deals with the development in Russian-Estonian relations during the crises of 2007 and 2014, taking into consideration the balance between political and economic factors in the decision-making by Estonian government. A number of special aspects, trends and problems in trade and investment ties are detected. The aim of the study is to uncover key motivation behind the actions of both Russia and Estonia, to identify the drivers for economic and political development in the region, and to work out recommendations to adjust them. The questions put forward by the authors of this article could not be more topical at the time, when Russian economic situation is obviously getting worse and capital flight (to the neighboring EU Member States) is likely to increase. The method of the study is comparative analysis of the impact on economic ties made by Russian-Estonian crisis of 2007 and the current international tension around Ukraine. The regional fossil fuel market and the possibilities of Gazprom involvement in its development are also analyzed. It is concluded that political motives are still important for Estonian decisionmaking, though they are balanced out by measures of business support (despite some of these measures being taken by the EU bodies). The role of political factor for the Russian side is increasing. It is acknowledged that there is a growing number of missed economic opportunities in the Russian Northwest
National competitiveness as the object of indicative planning in the context of re-industrialization
Three years after the adoption of legislation regarding strategical planning we are able to see the first statistical results, reflecting actual conditions of regulated objects. The subject of this article is to examine the system of indicators of state economic policy, targeting to stimulate the development of economic potential with the aim to improve national economic competitiveness. The objective is the competitiveness of domestic economy as the subject of regulation.
The aim is the analysis of the system of indicators on the basis of comparison of actual and planned data, detecting weakly correlated indicators and to make recommendations to correct the system of indicators. The article analyses the indicators that are being used in normative and legal documents. The authors consider long-term and medium-term targets for economic frontier development, as well as main factors that should be accounted while formulating the system of indicators for the economic potential in long- and medium-term.
As the list of indicators of economic development in the strategic documents is vast, the chosen direction considers the production with high added value. The indicators considered reflect the indicative aim of scientific development, national innovation system and technology as the most important foundations for improvement of national economic competitiveness. Multidirectional trend of economic development and administration indicators has been detected. The formation of system of supplementary indicators that reflect the development of production frontier has been proposed.peer-reviewe
ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ
As you know, last year there were almost 70 new political parties and more than a hundred waiting for registration and institutionalization. The article focuses on the dynamics of the party system in modern Russia, identifies key trends and issues. It was at this time gradually evolved a unique situation, which largely contributed to the accumulation of protest consciousness in a certain part of Russian society, the real protest ignited political behavior during the last federal election, the legislature and the head of state.ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π·Π° 2013 Π³. Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ 70 Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ° ΠΆΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² 2000-Π΅ Π³Π³., Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π²ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½
The war of the new generation - hybrid war, the information component which is directed not so much on the direct destruction of the enemy, how to achieve the goals without warfare. Fighting in the information field is no less important than immediate military action.ΠΠΎΠΉΠ½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ - Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ±Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Homobivalent Lamellarin-Like Schiff Bases: In Vitro Evaluation of Their Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity and Multitargeting Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Potential
Marine alkaloids belonging to the lamellarins family, which incorporate a 5,6-dihydro-1-phenylpyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (DHPPIQ) moiety, possess various biological activities, spanning from antiviral and antibiotic activities to cytotoxicity against tumor cells and the reversal of multidrug resistance. Expanding a series of previously reported imino adducts of DHPPIQ 2-carbaldehyde, novel aliphatic and aromatic Schiff bases were synthesized and evaluated herein for their cytotoxicity in five diverse tumor cell lines. Most of the newly synthesized compounds were found noncytotoxic in the low micromolar range (<30 ΞΌM). Based on a Multi-fingerprint Similarity Search aLgorithm (MuSSeL), mainly conceived for making protein drug target prediction, some DHPPIQ derivatives, especially bis-DHPPIQ Schiff bases linked by a phenylene bridge, were prioritized as potential hits addressing Alzheimer's disease-related target proteins, such as cholinesterases (ChEs) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs). In agreement with MuSSeL predictions, homobivalent para-phenylene DHPPIQ Schiff base 14 exhibited a noncompetitive/mixed inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki in the low micromolar range (4.69 ΞΌM). Interestingly, besides a certain inhibition of MAO A (50% inhibition of the cell population growth (IC50) = 12 ΞΌM), the bis-DHPPIQ 14 showed a good inhibitory activity on self-induced Ξ²-amyloid (AΞ²)1-40 aggregation (IC50 = 13 ΞΌM), which resulted 3.5-fold stronger than the respective mono-DHPPIQ Schiff base 9
EXPERIENCE OF USING THE βANTI-PLAGIARISM. HIGHER SCHOOL INSTITUTIONβ SYSTEM IN THE COURSE OF CHEMISTRY FOR STUDENTS OF ENGINEERING ACADEMY RUDN
When checking the written work of students each teacher faced with the problem of determining the originality of the work. At the department of General Chemistry RUDN University the system βAnti-plagiarism. Higher School Institutionβ is used for this purpose. Using this system when checking the work for borrowings from online sources, saves the teacher the routine of searching for matching blocks. In addition, the using of this system is aimed at improving the implementation of a culture of scientific citation, without which no research project in chemistry can be done, is aimed at increasing the level of scientific educational process of the students
Systematic analysis of the literature in search of defining systemic sclerosis subsets
OBJECTIVE:
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease with heterogeneity in presentation and prognosis.
An international collaboration to develop new SSc subset criteria is underway. Our objectives were to identify systems of SSc subset classification and synthesize novel concepts to inform development of new criteria.
METHODS:
Medline, Cochrane MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from their inceptions to December 2019 for studies related to SSc subclassification, limited to humans and without language or sample size restrictions.
RESULTS:
Of 5686 citations, 102 studies reported original data on SSc subsets. Subset classification systems relied on extent of skin involvement and/or SSc-specific autoantibodies (n = 61), nailfold capillary patterns (n = 29), and molecular, genomic, and cellular patterns (n = 12). While some systems of subset classification confer prognostic value for clinical phenotype, severity, and mortality, only subsetting by gene expression signatures in tissue samples has been associated with response to therapy.
CONCLUSION:
Subsetting on extent of skin involvement remains important. Novel disease attributes including SSc-specific autoantibodies, nailfold capillary patterns, and tissue gene expression signatures have been proposed as innovative means of SSc subsetting
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ
The problem of systemic scleroderma (SSD) activity enters into the view of standardized patient examination and it is important for choosing a therapeutic complex, for determining the dose of drugs, and for monitoring therapy. Great difficulties in the determination of activity in SSD are caused by the pathogenetic and morphogenetic features of the disease. It should be emphasized that there are no clearly defined exacerbation and remission periods. It is difficult to differentiate the potentially reversible inflammatory changes determining the activity of SSD from the irreversible fibrous changes characterizing the severity of the disease. The laboratory parameters of inflammatory activity are also of little informative value. The complicated problem of activity in SSD is to be further investigated both to improve and modify existing indices and to search for a common specific marker and/or key pathogenetically and clinically relevant markers of disease activity.ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ (Π‘Π‘Π) Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» Π‘Π‘Π, ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
Β» ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Cytokine profile and expression of FYN, ZAP-70 and LAT during concanavalin a stimulation in patients with resistant bronchial asthma
Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most spreading chronic lung pathology in the world. The disease is characterized by high heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes including resistant forms which provoke significant clinical problem. Immune shift from Th2 to alternative immunological response is considered to be a mechanism of drug-resistance in BA treatment but this issue is not considerably studied yet. Aims: Detection of distinctive patterns in cytokine secretion and genetic expression (ZAP-70, FYN and LAT) of naΓ―ve and concanavalin A stimulated lymphocytes in patients with resistant BA. Materials and methods: The study enrolled ten patients in each group: subjects with treatment resistant BA, severe BA, and controls (30 in total). During the experiment, all patients with BA received treatment according to the condition. For each participant lymphocytes isolation from venous blood was performed. Cells were cultured with concanavalin A and without stimulation. Concentrations of cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-Ξ±, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 in supernatants were measured with ELISA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of LAT, ZAP-70, and FYN genes. Results: Significant disease contribution to the lymphocyte secretion profile was established without concanavalin A stimulation: increased levels of IL-2 and IL-4 was observed in lymphocytes of patients with resistant BA if compared to the results of gorup with severe BA. Patients with resistant BA were characterized by weak cytokine response to the stimulation: only TNF-Ξ± and IL-5 levels were significantly increased whereas in group with severe BA all cytokines concentrations increased except IL-12, in controls - except IL-12 and IL-2. Significant FYN upregulation was identified in resistant BA group if compared with other groups, and in severe BA patients if compared with controls. The concanavalin A-stimulated cells showed increased expression of ZAP-70 in cells of patients with resistant BA compared to control group. Conclusions: Lymphocytes from patients with resistant BA are characterized by lack of cytokine response to concanavalin A stimulation, alteration of cytokine secretion, and genetic expression profile similar to cells with low sensitivity to apoptosis. The FYN gene is a perspective target for finding approaches to overcome resistance to steroid drugs in bronchial asthma. Β© 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved
SCLERODERMA SYSTEMATICA WITH INTERSTITIAL LUNG LESION: COMPARATIVE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICSWITH PATIENTS WITHOUT LUNG LESION
Objective. To compare disease history data and clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with scleroderma systematica (SDS) with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)-verified interstitial lung lesion (ILL) versus those without lung involvement. Subjects and methods. An examination was made in 138 patients with SDS who had been consecutively admitted in 2006-2008, female/male ratio, 124 : 14; limited : diffuse : mixed forms, 78 : 40 : 20; mean age, 47Β±13 years; median disease duration, 6 (2.5 11) years. The history data (occupational hazards, smoking, respiratory diseases) and clinical manifestations of SDS and laboratory data were studied. The diagnosis of ILL was established on the basis of chest HRCT. Results. According to HRCT data, the signs of varying ILL were found in 82% of the patients with SDS. The duration of SDS was similar in the patients with and without lung involvement; but the latter were younger at the time of disease onset. There were no significant differences between the groups compared in history data, clinical forms of SDS, the frequency of involvement of visceral organs and systems. Crepitation was heard only in the patients with ILL. The frequency of respiratory manifestations increased with a larger number of the involved lung segments. The prevalence of ILL was found to be positively correlated with age at the onset of SDS (r=0.29;
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