Surface reactions with participation of oxides of molybdenum and tungsten

The kinetics of surface reactions in one-dimensional and radial (two-dimensional) distribution of diffusant MoO3 (WO3) on the surface of the substrate MeO (Me is Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn, Cu) were investigated. A kinetic equation satisfactorily describes the rate of surface reactions in the case of radial distribution of diffusant on the substrate. It’s found that when the radial distribution of diffusant the growth of layer on the substrate surface eventually slows down and stops almost completely, due to the outflow of the diffusant deeps into the substrate. When the one-dimensional distribution of diffusant the surface interaction is not slowed down and does not stop at an arbitrarily large times

Moral-ethical and legal aspects of surrogate motherhood: origins, international experience, problems

The article traces first commercial surrogacy contracts to the late 1970s Michigan, USA, and examines the most common moral objections to the practice of surrogacy. It familiarizes the readers with several recent sociological studies of surrogacy in the US and India, and three key American court cases that laid the foundation to the most recent framing of parental rights as based on intent, rather than genetics or gestation. The author introduces theories of repugnance in markets and taboo exchanges, and addresses legal differences that govern surrogacy practices across the word. These differences contribute to “circumvention tourism” and result in robust global flows of people seeking to become parents despite surrogacy bans in their homes countries. In conclusion, the author underscores the need for better government regulation of global reproductive tourism in order to clearly specify responsibilities and protect the rights of all parties to surrogacy, particularly of the children, who may be at risk of becoming parentless or stateless.Published versio

Surface reactions with participation of oxides of molybdenum and tungsten: the influence of external factors

This work is a continuation of the article “Surface reactions with participation of oxides of molybdenum and tungsten”, published in the previous issue of the journal. The influence of the electric field and the pressure of oxygen in the gas phase on the rate of surface reactions for the synthesis of molybdates of manganese and copper were investigated. It’s found that for the synthesis reaction of molybdate of copper the nature of the dependency of the rate of synthesis and rate of surface reactions from the external parameters are the same, indicating the crucial contribution of surface diffusion to the reactive mass transfer. For the synthesis reaction of molybdate of manganese the dependences of the rate of synthesis and of rate of surface reactions by external parameters differ, indicating that for this reaction, surface diffusion isn’t the main mechanism of mass transfer

Nonaxisymmetric MHD instabilities of Chandrasekhar states in Taylor-Couette geometry

We consider axially periodic Taylor-Couette geometry with insulating boundary conditions. The imposed basic states are so-called Chandrasekhar states, where the azimuthal flow $U_\phi$ and magnetic field $B_\phi$ have the same radial profiles. Mainly three particular profiles are considered: the Rayleigh limit, quasi-Keplerian, and solid-body rotation. In each case we begin by computing linear instability curves and their dependence on the magnetic Prandtl number Pm. For the azimuthal wavenumber m=1 modes, the instability curves always scale with the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number. For sufficiently small Pm these modes therefore only become unstable for magnetic Mach numbers less than unity, and are thus not relevant for most astrophysical applications. However, modes with m>10 can behave very differently. For sufficiently flat profiles, they scale with the magnetic Reynolds number and the Lundquist number, thereby allowing instability also for the large magnetic Mach numbers of astrophysical objects. We further compute fully nonlinear, three-dimensional equilibration of these instabilities, and investigate how the energy is distributed among the azimuthal (m) and axial (k) wavenumbers. In comparison spectra become steeper for large m, reflecting the smoothing action of shear. On the other hand kinetic and magnetic energy spectra exhibit similar behavior: if several azimuthal modes are already linearly unstable they are relatively flat, but for the rigidly rotating case where m=1 is the only unstable mode they are so steep that neither Kolmogorov nor Iroshnikov-Kraichnan spectra fit the results. The total magnetic energy exceeds the kinetic energy only for large magnetic Reynolds numbers Rm>100.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Ap

Intellectual resources enterprises which are functioning in the external environment Интеллектуальные ресурсы предприятия, которые функционируют во внешней среде

The article investigates the intellectual resources of the enterprise in the external environment. Singled out a set of intelligent resources of the enterprise that are created and function in the external environment. Substantiated necessity of their combination in market intellectual capital to implement the strategic intentions, formation of sustainable competitive advantages and increase the market value of the company.Статья посвящена исследованию интеллектуальных ресурсов предприятия во внешней среде. Выделена совокупность интеллектуальных ресурсов предприятия, которые создаются и функционируют во внешней среде. Обоснована необходимость их объединения в рыночный интеллектуальный капитал с целью реализации стратегических намерений, формирования устойчивых конкурентных преимуществ и увеличения рыночной стоимости предприятия