Frequency of hyperglycemia and polymorphism of TNF and TP53 genes in patients with acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: «The vicious circle» of associations of diabetes mellitus (DM) with pancreatic pathology, when pancreatic diseases can initiate DM, and type 2 DM — cause functional and organic pancreatic pathology, determines the search for possible associations. Some studies have established a relationship between TNF or TP53 polymorphisms with DM or with pancreatic diseases.AIMS: to determine and compare fasting plasma glucose and the frequency of hyperglycemia in patients with acute pancreatitis (APp), chronic pancreatitis (CPp), pancreatic cancer (PCp) depending on gender, etiology or stage of the disease, polymorphism -308G/A TNF gene in all patients, and polymorphism 72Arg/Pro gene TP53 in PCp..MATERIALS AND METHODS: At the observational multicenter clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled case-study 44 APp, 97 CPp and 45 PCp were examined; the groups were comparable by sex/age. Informed consent form for participate in the study was obtained from all patients. The main outcome of the study: frequency of hyperglycemia in APp, CPp, PCp, considering the polymorphism TNF and TP53 genes. RESULTS: The lowest age-standardized fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was found in CPp (6,2±0,2 mmol/l) than in APp (6,7±0,2 mmol/l, p=0,041). In PCp (6,6±0,2 mmol/l), the average levels of FPG did not differ substantially when compared with APp (p=0,749) or CPp (p=0,092). In APp, the norm of GP was detected less frequently (31,8%) than in CPp (54,6%, χ2 =6,3, p=0,012), and the frequency of the norm of GP in PCp (48,9%) did not differ with that in APp or CPp. The frequency of FPG≥6,1<7,0 mmol/l did not differ in APp (20,5%), CPp (9,3%) or PCp (17,8%). The frequency of FGP≥7.0 mmol/l did not differ in APp CPp and PCp: 47,7, 36,1, 33,3%. Logistic regression analysis revealed a tendency for an increased chance of having stage 3–4 PC with FPG≥7,0 mmol/l (Exp (B)=3,205 95%CI 0,866–11,855, p=0,081) in PCp, but not in patients with pancreatic necrosis or “definite» СP.The frequencies of G/G (71,4, 74,7, 76,2%), G/A (26,2, 24,1, 23,8%) of TNF genotypes did not differ in APp, CPp or PCp, p>0,05. In PCp genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, Pro/Pro polymorphism gene 72Arg/Pro TP53 in 2,4, 35,7, 61,9% of cases. No associations of GP≥7,0 mmol/l with TNF polymorphism in APp, CPp, PCp and with TP53 polymorphism in PCp were obtained.CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of FGP≥7,0 mmol/l did not differ for various pancreatic disease and was not associated with the risk of pancreatic necrosis and “defined” CP. The -308G/A polymorphism TNF gene did not differ in APp, CPp or PCp and was not associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. The 72Arg/Pro polymorphism TP53 gene in PCp was not associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism

Molecular genetic markers of myocardial infarction in combination with type 2 diabetes

Aim. To study associations of rs2464196 and rs11212617 polymorphisms with the development of myocardial infarction (MI) in combination with type 2 diabetes  (T2D).Material and methods. The study included two groups: main group (n=115) — patients with prior myocardial infarction and T2D, comparison  group (n=116) — patients with myocardial  infarction without T2D, hospitalized  from December 1, 2018 to December  31, 2019 at the Regional Vascular Center № 1 of the City Clinical Hospital № 1. Participants were comparable in sex and age. Patients underwent  clinical and instrumental investigations,  a genetic test for single nucleotide polymorphisms, which showed associations with the development  of MI and T2D according to genome-wide  association study (GWAS): rs2464196 of the HNF1A  gene, rs11212617 of the ATM gene.Results. Carriage of the AA genotype of the HNF1A  rs2464196 polymorphism was found to be associated MI in combination with T2D in the general group (odds  ratio (OR), 3,180, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,206-8,387, p=0,015). After division of the group by sex, significant differences  remained only in women (OR=9,706, 95% CI, 1,188-79,325, p=0,011).Conclusion. The data obtained can make it possible to identify a priority group of patients for personalized prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Study of the association of rs3746444 of the MIR499A gene and rs6922269 of the MTHFD1L gene with progressive atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease

The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of some molecular genetic markers with progressive atherosclerosis. Material and methods. In total, the study included 202 patients (147 men and 55 women), who were divided into 2 groups. The 1st (main) group included patients with coronary artery disease (100 people) who had a combination of two or more cardiovascular events during the last 2 years before inclusion: myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris, arterial stenting for urgent indications (coronary and peripheral), stroke; acute ischemia, thrombosis or amputation of the lower extremities. The 2nd group (comparisons) included 102 patients with coronary artery disease who did not have any of the above cardiovascular events during the last 2 years before inclusion. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples by phenol-chloroform extraction. Results. In the group with progressive atherosclerosis at the age of 55 years and older, the AA rs3746444 genotype of the MIR499A gene was absent in both men and women, while in the control group its frequency reached 8.3 % (p = 0.044). The odds ratio of detecting the carriage of the heterozygous genotype AG of the rs6922269 polymorphism of the MTHFD1L gene in the group with progressive atherosclerosis is 0.5 times lower compared to the control group (95 % confidence interval 0.3–0.9; p = 0.034). Conclusions. Carrying the AA genotype rs3746444 of the MIR499A gene is a conditionally protective factor against the development of progressive atherosclerosis at the age of 55 years and older. Carrying the AG genotype of the rs6922269 polymorphism of the MTHFD1L gene is associated with a reduced likelihood of developing progressive atherosclerosis in patients with CAD

Ассоциация однонуклеотидных полиморфных вариантов гена NOS1AP с длительностью интервала QT

Highlights. The association of single nucleotide polymorphic variants rs12143842 and rs4657139 of the NOS1AP gene with the duration of the QT interval was found in men of the Siberian population.Aim. To study the association of single nucleotide variants rs12143842 and rs4657139 of the NOS1AP gene with the duration of the QT interval.Methods. The study sample of men (1353 people) aged 25–69 years was formed from the DNA bank of participants in the international HAPIEE project and screening of young people 25–44 years old, residents of Novosibirsk. From each age subgroup (25–29, 30–34, …, 65–69 years old), about 10–15% of men with the shortest, average and longest QT interval were selected and the corresponding groups were formed. Genotyping of rs4657139 was carried out using PCR with RFLP (polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis). Genotyping rs12143842 – using RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction).Results. At the age of over 50 years, the CC genotype rs12143842 was detected in 66.1% of men in the group with a short and average QT interval and in 50.6% in the group with a long QT interval, while the TT genotype prevailed in the group with a long QT interval, 10, 8% of cases (odds ratio (OR) = 3.345, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.149–9.739, p = 0.02). The homozygous TT genotype rs4657139 was more common in the long QT group, in 20.1% of cases, while the AA and AT genotypes predominated in the short, average QT groups (p = 0.041). A similar trend persists when separating by age in people over 50 years of age (p = 0.031) and when comparing genotype frequencies in the long and average QT groups in the model TT vs AA + AT & long QT vs short + average QT (p = 0.003).Conclusion. Single nucleotide variants rs12143842 and rs4657139 of the NOS1AP gene are associated with the duration of the QT interval in male residents of Novosibirsk.Основные положения. У мужчин сибирской популяции обнаружена ассоциация однонуклеотидных полиморфных вариантов rs12143842 и rs4657139 гена NOS1AP с продолжительностью интервала QT.Цель. Изучить ассоциацию однонуклеотидных полиморфных вариантов rs12143842 и rs4657139 гена NOS1AP с длительностью интервала QT.Материалы и методы. Исследуемая выборка мужчин (1 353 человека) в возрасте 25–69 лет сформирована из банка ДНК участников международного проекта HAPIEE и скрининга молодых людей 25–44 года, жителей Новосибирска. Из каждой возрастной подгруппы (25–29, 30–34, …, 65–69 лет) отобраны около 10–15% мужчин с коротким, средним и длинным интервалом QT и сформированы соответствующие группы. Генотипирование rs4657139 проведено с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции с последующим анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов. Генотипирование rs12143842 – с использованием полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени.Результаты. В возрасте старше 50 лет генотип СС rs12143842 выявлен у 66,1% мужчин в группе короткого и среднего интервала QT и у 50,6% в группе длинного интервала QТ, в то время как генотип ТТ преобладал в группе с длинным интервалом QT, 10,8% случаев (отношение шансов (ОШ) 3,345, 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,149–9,739, p = 0,02). Гомозиготный генотип ТТ rs4657139 чаще встречался в группе длинного интервала QT, в 20,1% случаев, в то время как в группах короткого, среднего QT преобладали генотипы AA и AT (p = 0,041). Аналогичная тенденция сохранялась при разделении по возрасту у лиц старше 50 лет (p = 0,031) и в результате сравнения частот генотипов в группах длинного и среднего интервала QT в модели ТT vs АА + АТ и длинный vs короткий + средний QT (p = 0,003).Заключение. Однонуклеотидные варианты rs12143842 и rs4657139 гена NOS1AP ассоциированы с длительностью интервала QT у мужчин, проживающих в Новосибирске

Механизмы нарушения экспрессии генов р53-респонсивных микроРНК при диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфоме

Introduction. A more in-depth description of molecular events that disrupt the functioning of the p53 signaling pathway is important for understanding the mechanisms of formation and progression of diffuse B-large cell lymphoma (DCCL), as well as its sensitivity to treatment. The p53 protein exhibits its oncosuppressive function and mediates the antitumor effects of drugs by regulating transcription and/or maturation of a wide range of target genes, including MIR-34A, MIR34B/C, MIR-129-2 and MIR-203. In the tumor tissue of lymphomas, in comparison with normal lymphoid tissue, a decrease in the level of microRNAs encoded by these genes is shown.Aim. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the methylation of the genes of the p53-responsive microRNAs MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-203 and MIR-129-2, as well as mutations in the DNA-binding domain and destruction of the polyadenylation signal of the TP53 gene in DLBCL.Materials and methods. 136 DNA samples isolated from tumor tissue of patients with DLBCL and 11 DNA samples obtained from lymph nodes with reactive B-cell follicular hyperplasia were analyzed. The methylation status of MIR-203 and MIR-129-2 genes was determined by the method of methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction, MIR-34A and MIR-34B/C genes by the method of methyl-sensitive analysis of high-resolution melting curves. In tumor samples, rs78378222 genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism, resulting in the destruction of the polyadenylation signal, and the nucleotide sequence of the region of the TP53 gene encoding the DNA-binding domain was determined by capillary direct sequencing by Sanger.Results. The methylation detected in lymphoma tissue was tumor-specific. The frequency of analyzed aberrations in the TP53 gene and methylation of MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-129-2 and MIR-203 was 21, 23, 55, 65 and 66 %, respectively. At the same time, methylation of the analyzed genes of p53-responsive microRNAs and aberrations in the TP53 gene in the tumor tissue of patients with DLBCL were independent events with a tendency to mutual exclusion. At the same time, it was shown that in the vast majority of lymphoma samples, the methylation of the MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-129-2 and MIR-203 genes was combined.Conclusion. Along with aberrations in TP53, methylation of MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-129-2 and MIR-203 genes may be an important cause of decreased expression of miR-34a, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-129 and miR-203 in DLBCL. The combined methylation of the MIR-203, MIR-129-2 and MIR-34B/C genes, as well as the MIR-34B/C and MIR-34A pairs, potentially has a more pronounced pro-tumor effect due to the presence of common targets in the microRNAs encoded by them.Введение. Большое значение для понимания механизмов формирования и прогрессии диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомы (ДВККЛ), а также ее чувствительности к лечению имеет более глубокое представление о молекулярных событиях, нарушающих функционирование сигнального пути р53. Белок р53 проявляет свою онкосупрессорную функцию и опосредует противоопухолевые эффекты лекарственных препаратов посредством регуляции транскрипции и/или созревания широкого спектра генов-мишеней, в том числе MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-129-2 и MIR-203. В опухолевой ткани лимфом по сравнению с нормальной лимфоидной тканью показано снижение уровня кодируемых данными генами микроРНК.Цель исследования – комплексный анализ метилирования генов р53-респонсивных микроРНК MIR-34А, MIR-34В/С, MIR-203 и MIR-129-2, а также мутаций в ДНК-связывающем домене и разрушения последовательности сигнала к полиаденилированию гена ТР53 при ДВККЛ.Материалы и методы. Проанализированы 136 образцов ДНК, выделенной из опухолевой ткани пациентов с ДВККЛ, и 11 образцов ДНК, полученной из лимфатических узлов с реактивной В-клеточной фолликулярной гиперплазией. Определение статуса метилирования генов MIR-203 и MIR-129-2 осуществляли методом метил-специфичной полимеразной цепной реакции, генов MIR-34А и MIR-34В/С – методом метил-чувствительного анализа кривых плавления высокого разрешения. В опухолевых образцах методом полимеразной цепной реакции с полиморфизмом длин рестрикционных фрагментов выполнено генотипирование варианта нуклеотидной последовательности rs78378222, приводящего к разрушению сигнала полиаденилирования, с помощью капиллярного прямого секвенирования по Сэнгеру определена нуклеотидная последовательность района гена ТР53, кодирующего ДНК-связывающий домен.Результаты. Выявляемое в лимфомной ткани метилирование носило опухолеспецифичный характеp. Частота анализируемых аберраций в гене ТР53 и метилирования MIR-34А, MIR-34В/С, MIR-129-2 и MIR-203 составила 21, 23, 55, 65 и 66 % соответственно. При этом метилирование анализируемых генов р53-респонсивных микроРНК и аберраций в гене ТР53 в опухолевой ткани пациентов с ДВККЛ являлись независимыми событиями с тенденцией к взаимному исключению. Вместе с тем показано, что в подавляющем большинстве образцов лимфомы метилирование генов MIR-34А, MIR-34В/С, MIR-129-2 и MIR-203 носило сочетанный характер.Заключение. Наряду с аберрациями в ТР53, метилирование генов MIR-34А, MIR-34В/С, MIR-129-2 и MIR-203 может являться частой причиной снижения экспрессии miR-34a, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-129 и miR-203 при ДВККЛ. Сочетанное метилирование генов MIR-203, MIR-129-2 и MIR-34B/C, а также пары MIR-34B/C и MIR-34A потенциально имеет более выраженный проопухолевый эффект за счет наличия у кодируемых ими микроРНК общих мишеней

Метилирование генов р53-респонзивных онкосупрессорных микроРНК при гемобластозах

The purpose of the study was to present up-to-date data on the frequency and significance of a number of p53-responsive oncosuppressive micrornas genes methylation in malignant neoplasms of the blood system.Material and methods. The search for available literary sources published in the Pubmed and RISC databases was carried out. A total of 399 articles were found, of which 62 were included in this review.Results. The p53 protein regulates a whole class of microRNAs – highly conserved small RNA molecules that affect gene expression mainly by suppressing translation. МicroRNAs play an important role in all cellular processes and can have both oncosuppressive and pro-oncogenic properties. Impaired expression of p53-activated oncosuppressive micrornas in various tumors may be associated with specific epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and histone deacetylation). The review examines the molecular and genetic characteristics of oncosuppressive micrornas functioning in normal hematopoiesis, the violation of expression of which is shown in the development of hemoblastoses, namely: miR-34a, miR-34b/c, miR-145, miR-143 and miR-203. It is known that the transcription of the genes of these microRNAs is carried out and regulated from their own promoters. The latest published research results on the diagnostic, prognostic and clinical significance of gene methylation of the microRNAs under consideration in malignant neoplasms of the blood system are presented. According to literature data, common targets for mir-34a, mir-34b/c, mir-145, mir-143 and miR-203 microRNAs are mRNAs of a number of pro-oncogenes, namely: transcription factor C-MYC, positive cell cycle regulators at the G1/S transition point of CDK4, CDK6 and CYCLIN-D1 phases, anti-apoptotic proteins MDM2, MDM4, BCL2 and MCL1, as well as DNMT3A and DNMT3B methyltransferases and other molecules. In this regard, it should be noted that there are positive feedbacks between p53 and microRNAs activated by it, as well as negative feedbacks between p53-responsive micrornas and C-MYC and DNA methyltransferases.Conclusion. Thus, the data presented in the review clarify the current understanding of the work of the regulatory network of the p53 protein and the micrornas activated by it, and also emphasize the functional association of p53-responsive microRNAs.Цель исследования – представить современные данные о частоте и значении метилирования генов ряда р53-респонзивных онкосупрессорных микроРНК при опухолевых заболеваниях системы крови.Материал и методы. Проведен поиск доступных литературных источников, опубликованных в базах данных Pubmed и РИНЦ. Найдено 399 статей, из которых 62 были включены в данный обзор.Результаты. Белок р53 регулирует целый класс микроРНК – высококонсервативных малых молекул РНК, которые влияют на экспрессию генов в основном путем подавления трансляции. МикроРНК играют важную роль во всех клеточных процессах и могут иметь как онкосупрессорные, так и проонкогенные свойства. Нарушения экспрессии активируемых р53 онкосупрессорных микроРНК в различных опухолях могут быть связаны со специфическими эпигенетическими механизмами (метилированием ДНК и деацетилированием гистонов). В обзоре рассмотрены молекулярно-генетические характеристики онкосупрессорных микроРНК, функционирующих при нормальном кроветворении, нарушение экспрессии которых показано при развитии гемобластозов, а именно: miR-34a, miR-34b/с, miR-145, miR-143 и miR-203. Известно, что транскрипция генов этих микроРНК осуществляется и регулируется с собственных промоторов. Приведены последние опубликованные результаты исследований по диагностическому, прогностическому и клиническому значению метилирования генов рассматриваемых микроРНК при злокачественных новообразованиях системы крови. Согласно данным литературных источников, частыми общими мишенями для микроРНК miR-34a, miR-34b/с, miR-145, miR-143 и miR-203 являются м-РНК ряда проонокогенов, а именно: транскрипционного фактора C-MYC, позитивных регуляторов клеточного цикла в контрольной точке перехода G1/S фаз CDK4, CDK6 и CYCLIN-D1, антиапоптотических белков MDM2, MDM4, ВCL2 и MCL1, а также ДНК-метилтрансфераз DNMT3A и DNMT3B и других молекул. Описано наличие положительных обратных связей между р53 и активируемыми им микроРНК, а также отрицательных обратных связей между р53-респонзивными микроРНК и c-MYC и ДНК-метилтрансферазами.Заключение. Данные, представленные в обзоре, уточняют современные представления о работе регуляторной сети белка р53 и активируемых им микроРНК, а также подчеркивают функциональную ассоциацию р53-респонзивных микроРНК

NUMBER OF COPIES OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA OF LEUKOCYTES AS A MARKER OF PREDISPOSITION TO CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH

The review provides information on studies that have studied the relationship between the number of copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in peripheral blood leukocytes with coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major component of the aging process and can play a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic origin, and the number of copies of mtDNA is an indirect biomarker of mitochondrial function. According to a number of studies, measuring the number of copies of mtDNA in peripheral blood leukocytes can improve the risk assessment of CVD to decide on the beginning of primary prevention of CVD. So far, relatively few such studies have been carried out. Nevertheless, the results obtained, according to the authors, allow us to hope that this indicator can be used in assessing the risk of individual CVD. Further studies carried out on large groups in a prospective design should provide the necessary additional information on the feasibility of including this indicator in the appropriate risk meters

Association of SCN5A gene polymorphism with dilated cardiomyopathy

Subjects and methods. The study included patients with IDC (group 1; n=111, 89.2% men, average age 51.7±9.7 years) and ICM (group 2; n=110, 91.5% men, average age 58.7±8.4 years). All patients (IDC and ICM) underwent coronary angiography. Based on the anamnesis data and instrumental studies, those patients who could be said to have no risk factors for the development of dilatation of the heart cavities were identified in the group 1. And those patients who were reliably diagnosed with coronary artery disease were in the group 2, that is, dilatation of the heart cavities is due to a previous myocardial infarction, existing angina pectoris. The control group (n=121, average age 53.6±4.8 years) included patients who had no manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. The patients underwent laboratory and instrumental studies, as well as molecular and genetic studies of the A/G polymorphism of the SCN5A gene (rs1805124).Results. In the group with IDC 51.4% of patients were carriers of the common homozygous AA genotype, the heterozygous AG genotype-40.5%, and the rare homozygous GG genotype-8.1%. In the control group 63.3% of patients were identified as carriers of a homozygous genotype by a common allele, and 33.5% were carriers heterozygous genotype, and homozygous genotype for a rare allele – 3.2%. The analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of carrying the homozygous AA genotype in patients with IDC compared to the control group of the rs1805124 polymorphism of the SCN5A gene. In the group of patients with ICM, the А allele (69.5% vs. 80.1%, p=0.003) and the AA genotype (50.9% vs. 63.3%, p=0.030) were significantly less common than in the control group. The rare homozygous GG genotype was statically more common in patients with ICM compared to the control group (11.8% vs. 3.2%, p=0.004). Also, the G allele in the group of patients with ICM was detected statically significantly more often than in the control group (30.5% vs. 19.9%, p= 0.003).Conclusion. The polymorphic locus rs1805124 of the SCN5A gene is associated with both IDC and ICM. Homozygous genotype AA and allele A are conditionally protective factors for the development of these conditions in men