Adaptive abilities of benthic microalga <i>Attheya ussurensis</i> to prolonged contamination with a salt of hexavalent chromium in culture

Adaptive capacity of benthic microalga Attheya ussurensis (Bacillariophyta) from Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea to the medium contamination with a salt of hexavalent chromium is tested in laboratory culture. In unpolluted culture, growth of the alga could be described by S-shaped curve, the lag-phase was short or absent, the exponential stage with square or near-square cells was characterized by high growth rate, mean size of cells was 16.0 x 15.5 mm at the exponential stage and 17.2 x 15.7 mm at the stationary stage, the chloroplasts were olive-green colored, had wide blades, and diverged radially from a cell center. After 10-days exposing to potassium dichromate in concentration 0.01 mg/L, the number of cells did not change but size and morphology of cells changed on the 7th day; the higher concentrations as 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L caused the decreasing of cells number to 81, 48, 33 % of control number, respectively, and size and morphology of the cells changed on the 4th day for 0.1 mg/L and on the 2nd day for 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L. After further exposing under the same concentrations, only 27 % of cells survived under 0.01 mg/L, 10 % under 0.10 mg/L, and all cells were eliminated under higher pollution, cell division was inhibited in all cases, and the following morphological changes occurred: cell walls curved, cell horns shortened, chloroplasts deformed, cytoplasm consolidated, retraction was detected for 90 % of the cells. After the algae transfer from the medium polluted by potassium dichromate in concentration 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L to a clean medium, they only partially restored their number - to 42 % of control number for those exposed under the concentration 0.01 mg/L. The experiment shows that the benthic algae A. ussurensis is highly sensitive to the medium contamination because of breaking of the cells division process and morphological changes which cannot be restored even after cessation of the toxic impact

Combined effect of salinity and pollution with potassium dichromate on adaptive capacity of diatom benthic microalga <i>Attheya ussurensis</i> in laboratory environment

Combined effect of two stress factors (decreasing of salinity and presence of potassium dichromate in the medium) on adaptive capacity of benthic alga Attheya ussurensis is investigated. The salinity decreasing to 20 ‰ combined with 0.01 mg/L of K2Cr2O7 in the medium didn’t cause any change of the cells growth in number, as compared with uncontaminated environment (32 ‰, control), or changes in their morphology. The same salinity decreasing with K2Cr2O7 concentration 0.10 mg/L caused a lowering of the cells growth to 86 % of the control value by the end of experiment that was accompanied by minor morphological abnormalities, as cells elongation in pervalvar axis direction and granulation of chloroplasts. In the second seeding, there was no change of the cells growth again under the low concentration of K2Cr2O7 and their adaptation to the concentration 0.10 mg/L was observed: in the end of experiment the cells number had no significant difference from the control one. The salinity decreasing to 16 ‰ with the toxicant concentration 0.01 mg/L caused a lowering of the cells growth in the 4th day that persisted until the end of experiment and some insignificant changes of their morphology. The same salinity decreasing with the toxicant concentration 0.10 mg/L caused a significant drop of the cells number with strong negative morphological changes; moreover, the alga wasn’t able to adapt to this combined stress after re-seeding

Effect of nanosecond repetitive pulsed microwave exposure on proliferation of bone marrow cells

The purpose was to study the proliferative activity of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) of rats after irradiated by nanosecond repetitive pulsed microwave (RPM). It was found that the irradiated by nanosecond microwave pulses can affect the BMNCs proliferation in vitro. It is important that both stimulation and inhibition of proliferation were observed after exposure. The effect depended on the pulse repetition frequency. The amount of BMNCs increased after exposure to pulse repetition frequency of 13 Hz up to 30% in comparison with a control cells and up to 51% in comparison with a falseirradiated cells. In contrast, there was inhibition up to 40% of BMNCs after exposure to a frequency of 8 Hz, in comparison with a control group

Поверхностные свойства и биосовместимость in vitro трековой мембраны на основе полиэтилентерефталата после комбинированного воздействия атмосферной низкотемпературной плазмы и ионизирующего γ-излучения радионуклида 60Сo

Aim. This research studies the effect of a low-temperature atmospheric plasma and the subsequent γ-ray sterilization on topography and properties of track membranes (TM) based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET).Materials and methods. TM were obtained by irradiating a PET film with a 40Ar+8 ion beam and then by chemical etching in an aqueous solution of 1.5N NaOH. Modification of the membrane surface was carried out by exposure to an atmospheric low-temperature plasma. The gamma radiation of the radionuclide 60Со with the dosages of 1kGy (SI) and 10 kGy (SI) was used to sterilize the membranes. In vitro studies of the TM biocompatibility were performed by using a culture of prenatal stromal cells isolated from a lung of an 11-week human embryo and maintained ex vivo.Results. It has been established that the treatment of the membranes with the low-temperature atmospheric plasma leads to an increase in the roughness and hydrophilization of the TM surface. The change in the physical-chemical state of the TM surface as a result of the exposure of cold plasma and subsequent sterilization had practically no effect on the morphofunctional state of the culture of human prenatal stromal cells. In vitro tests on the TM cellular-molecular biocompability with a short-term culture of in vitro fibroblast-like cells have made it possible to indicate their relative bioinerticity with respect to human stromal cells. The conclusion is made about the relative bioinerticity of TM and the proposed regimes for their sterilization with respect to the culture of human stromal cells, the prospects for further research in applying the material to the areas of surgical practice (cardiology, ophthalmology).Цель. Исследование воздействия атмосферной низкотемпературной плазмы (АНП) и последующей стерилизации γ-лучами на топографию и свойства трековых мембран (ТМ) на основе полиэтилентерефталата (ПЭТФ).Материалы и методы. ТМ были получены путем облучения пленки ПЭТФ потоком ионов 40Ar+8 и последующего химического травления в 1,5N водном растворе NaOH. Для модификации поверхности на ТМ воздействовали АНП в течении 30 с. Стерилизация мембран проводилась с использованием γ-излучения радионуклида 60Со в дозах 1 и 10 кГр (Si). Биосовместимость ТМ in vitro исследовали с использованием культуры пренатальных стромальных клеток (ПСКч), выделенной из легкого 11-недельного эмбриона человека и поддерживаемой ex vivo.Результаты. Установлено, что обработка ТМ с помощью АНП приводит к возрастанию шероховатости и гидрофильности их поверхности ТМ. Изменение физико-химического состояния поверхности ТМ в результате воздействия холодной плазмы и последующей стерилизации практически не влияло на морфофункциональное состояние культуры ПСКч. Сделано заключение об относительной биоинертности ТМ и предложенных режимов их γ-стерилизации в отношении культуры стромальных клеток человека, перспективности дальнейших исследований в приложении материала к направлениям хирургической практики (кардиология, офтальмология)

Antipyretic drugs: benefits and undesirable consequences

Fever is a defensive and adaptive reaction of the body that develops in response to the action of pathogenic stimuli. It often accompanies various infectious, autoimmune, oncohematological and other diseases. Due to the frequent significant deterioration of children's general health, the occurrence of fever in children gives rise to concern not only in parents, but also in pediatricians. According to temperature level, fever can be classified into different categories: subfebrile - 37.1 to 37.9 °C, moderate -38 to 39 °C, febrile - 39.1 to 41 °C and hyperthermic - above 41 °C. By clinical manifestation distinguish benign, or rose, and malignant, or white, fever. The need to use antipyretic drugs depends not only on the hight of the body temperature elevation, but also on the patient's general health. The clinical guidelines state that the use of acetylsalicylic acid, nimesulide and met-amizole to lower the body temperature in children is not recommended, due to high risk of adverse reactions. Ibuprofen and paracetamol are the drugs of choice to lower body temperature in children both in Russia and abroad. Over 120 comparative studies of these two drug formulations have shown their close efficacy, but ibuprofen is most preferred for the treatment of fever and pain. In order to lower body temperature, parents can uncontrollably use antipyretic drugs in various combinations and incorrect dosages, which leads to severe toxic effects. The article presents a clinical case of Reye's syndrome in a 10-year-old girl, which is most likely associated with the use of aspirin as an antipyretic

ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ КРЫС В «ОТКРЫТОМ ПОЛЕ» ПОСЛЕ СВЕТОВОЙ ИЛИ ТЕМНОВОЙ ДЕПРИВАЦИЙ И ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ПЕРЕУТОМЛЕНИЯ

Aim. As is known, various stressful loads and their combination lead to unequal direction and degree of psychological and emotional instability. In this regard, one of the pressing issues becomes regulation and correction of psycho-emotional conditions of the person in the complicated conditions of activity, such as athletes during training and competition. To develop appropriate stress-corrective programs should their experimental validation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral activity of rats in the “open field” after dark or light deprivation and physical fatigue.Materials and methods. The experimental study was performed on the 40 adult male rats “Wistar”. The experimental groups for 10 days were kept in an artificial bright light (150 lx) or darkness (2–3 lx) for the induction of desynchronozes. Method of forced swimming until complete exhaustion was chosen for the model of physical fatigue. The animals in all groups evaluated behavioral activity in the “open field” in daylight conditions after 24 h after swim test.Results. It was established that in the control group in the terms of natural lighting day after 5 days of daily physical activity occurred depression of the active-search behavior in the “open field”. It was expressed in reducing the number of crossed squares and vertical struts in comparison to intact animals receiving no load. In the groups of animals, which kept in a dark or light deprivation until the presentation of the swim test there was an increase in passive-defensive behavior in the “open field”, which was reflected in an increase in acts of grooming and defecation. Цель. Как известно, разные стрессирующие нагрузки и их сочетание ведут к неодинаковой направленности и выраженности психоэмоциональной нестабильности. В связи с этим одним из актуальных вопросов становится регуляция и коррекция психоэмоциональных состояний человека в сложных условиях деятельности, например спортсменов в период тренировок и соревнований. Для разработки адекватных стресс-корректирующих программ необходимо их экспериментальное обоснование. Поэтому целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение поведенческой активности крыс в «открытом поле» после световой или темновой деприваций и физического переутомления.Материал и методы. Экспериментальное исследование выполнено на 40 половозрелых крысах-самцах породы Wistar. Для индукции экспериментального десинхроноза животные опытных групп в течение 10 сут содержались на искусственном ярком освещении (150 лк) либо полном затемнении (2–3 лк). Моделью физического переутомления выбрана методика принудительного плавания крыс до полного утомления в собственной модификации. Через 24 ч после плавательного теста у всех групп животных оценивали поведенческую активность в «открытом поле» в условиях естественного освещения.Результаты. Установлено, что в контрольной группе в условиях естественного освещения через 1 сут после 5 сут ежедневной физической нагрузки происходило угнетение активно-поисковой составляющей поведения в «открытом поле», что выражалось в уменьшении количества пересеченных квадратов и вертикальных стоек в сравнении с интактными животными, не получавшими нагрузок. В группах животных, содержавшихся до предъявления плавательного теста в условиях круглосуточной темновой или световой деприваций, наблюдалось увеличение пассивно-оборонительной компоненты поведения в «открытом поле», что выражалось в увеличении актов груминга и дефекаций.Выводы. Следовательно, после 5 сут ежедневной физической нагрузки у крыс наблюдалось угнетение активно-поисковой составляющей поведения в «открытом поле». В течение 10 сут световой или темновой деприваций и последующего предъявления плавательного теста наблюдалось увеличение пассивно-оборонительной компоненты поведения животных в «открытом поле».

Действие наносекундного импульсно-периодического микроволнового излучения на процессы регенерации

The effects of pulse periodic microwaves (10 GHz, duration of pulse 100 ns, pulse repetition frequency 4—19 pps, peak power density 40—1 520 W/cm2 ) on the reparative regeneration of full-thickness skin wounds on mice was investigated. This effect depends on the pulse repetition frequency and peak power density.Исследовано влияние импульсно-периодического микроволнового излучения (10 ГГц, длительность импульсов 100 нс, частота повторения 4—19 импульсов в секунду, пиковая плотность потока мощности 40—1 520 Вт/см2 ) на репаративную регенерацию полнослойной кожной раны у мышей. Исследуемое воздействие может стимулировать заживление ран. Данный эффект зависит от частоты повторения импульсов и величины пиковой плотности потока мощности

ДИНАМИКА IN VITRO ДЕГРАДАЦИИ НЕТКАНЫХ МАТРИКСОВ ИЗ ПОЛИМОЛОЧНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ В МОДЕЛЬНОЙ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ

The weekly in vitro degradation of fibrous-porous non-woven polylactide scaffolds made by aerodynamic formation in a turbulent gas flow has been studied with 37 °С in model RPMI-1640 medium imitated body fluid of organism. Lactate monomers released into solution exponentially and reached slowly a maximum value the end of the observation (5th week of dissolution). At the same time, reducing the concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus ions in solutions contacted with tested samples (10×10×1 mm2) testified about chemical elements adsorption on artificial material. Ions exchange with biological fluids may be a basis of regulated bioactivity of fibrous-porous non-woven biodegradable material in application to intercellular matrix bioengineering for regenerative medicineИзучена понедельная деградация in vitro при температуре 37 °С волокнисто-пористых нетканых скеффолдов из полимолочной кислоты, полученных аэродинамическим формированием в турбулентном газовом потоке, в модельной среде RPMI-1640, имитирующей телесную жидкость организма. Мономеры молочной кислоты выделялись в раствор по экспоненциальному закону и медленно достигали максимальных концентраций к концу наблюдений (5-я нед растворения). В то же время снижение концентраций ионов кальция и неорганического фосфора в растворах, контактирующих с тестируемыми образцами (10 ´ 10 ´ 1 мм2 ), свидетельствовало об адсорбции химических элементов на искусственном материале. Обмен ионами с биологическими жидкостями могут быть основой регулируемой биоактивности волокнисто-пористого биодеградируемого материала в приложении к биоинженерии межклеточного матрикса для регенеративной медицины

Surface properties and in vitro biocompability of a track membrane based on polyethylene terephthalate after exposure to low-temperature atmospheric plasma and ionizing γ -radionuclide 60Сo

Aim. This research studies the effect of a low-temperature atmospheric plasma and the subsequent γ-ray sterilization on topography and properties of track membranes (TM) based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET).Materials and methods. TM were obtained by irradiating a PET film with a 40Ar+8 ion beam and then by chemical etching in an aqueous solution of 1.5N NaOH. Modification of the membrane surface was carried out by exposure to an atmospheric low-temperature plasma. The gamma radiation of the radionuclide 60Со with the dosages of 1kGy (SI) and 10 kGy (SI) was used to sterilize the membranes. In vitro studies of the TM biocompatibility were performed by using a culture of prenatal stromal cells isolated from a lung of an 11-week human embryo and maintained ex vivo.Results. It has been established that the treatment of the membranes with the low-temperature atmospheric plasma leads to an increase in the roughness and hydrophilization of the TM surface. The change in the physical-chemical state of the TM surface as a result of the exposure of cold plasma and subsequent sterilization had practically no effect on the morphofunctional state of the culture of human prenatal stromal cells. In vitro tests on the TM cellular-molecular biocompability with a short-term culture of in vitro fibroblast-like cells have made it possible to indicate their relative bioinerticity with respect to human stromal cells. The conclusion is made about the relative bioinerticity of TM and the proposed regimes for their sterilization with respect to the culture of human stromal cells, the prospects for further research in applying the material to the areas of surgical practice (cardiology, ophthalmology)