От социального противоречия к социальной конкуренции – базовому правовому режиму (способу) жизнедеятельности государства (Часть I)

The subject of the article is social competition as a natural mechanism for resolving social contradictions that arise and exist in society.The aim of the article is to confirm or refute hypothesis that the resolution of social contra- dictions is a kind of legal regime for the realization of property as the fundamental purpose of the existence of the stateAccording to the author's methodology of normative structuralism, the assignment to each mode of property organization of a specific function (social development function, social compromise (convergence) function, social security function) generated the corresponding potential for the emergence and existence of social contradictions, where the state as an artificial (reasonable) sufficiency had to direct the energy of the said contradictions into the normative-legal channel and thus ensure the existence of social competition.The main results. The restriction and leveling of social competition and the transition to domination as the basic legal regime (mode) of statehood destroys the natural mechanism for resolving social contradictions and transfers this mechanism to the plane of directive political and ideological expediency. As a result, the power of the structural organization of the state is transformed into a goal of its existence, and property only into a means of real- izing this goal. There is a disavowal of property as a fundamental goal of the existence of the state; the escalation of its imperialization begins, triggering the destruction of social competition as the basic legal regime (mode) of life. There is a danger of an existential rup- ture between the three most important social institutions of human civilization: property, competition, and the state.Society, constituting the creation of the state as artificial (reasonable) sufficiency, through the functioning of the structural organization of power has fixed the fundamental purpose of existence - property in the form of an integral structural platform of the main ways of its organization (private (individualized), mixed (corporate), general (collective)), assigning to each of them the execution of the corresponding social function.Conclusions. Society, realizing the existence of a social contradiction, purposefully forms appropriate ways (rules) to overcome them to ensure its progressive development. The es- sence of the legal regime as the existence of the resolution of this social contradiction can be defined by the concept of “competition”. Представлена первая часть исследования социальной конкуренции как естественного механизма разрешения социальных противоречий, которые возникают и существуют в обществе. Автор считает разрешение социальных противоречий своеобразным правовым режимом реализации собственности как фундаментальной цели существования государства. Согласно авторской методологии нормативного структурализма, присвоение каждому способу организации собственности определенной функции (функции социального развития, функции социального компромисса, функции социального обеспечения) породило соответствующий потенциал для возникновения и существования социальных противоречий, а государство должно направлять энергию указанных противоречий в нормативно-правовое русло и тем самым обеспечивать существование социальной конкуренции

Россия: собственность и государство. Из истории постсоветского правоприменения (Часть II)

The subject. The relevance of the article is stipulated by the gap in the study of property and the state as a consistent system. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that each way of organizing property such as private, mixed (corporate) and general (collective) potentially stimulates the existence of a certain state structure. The methodology. The author uses normative structuralism. This methodology is created by the author and is based on the idea that property as the main system-forming goal of the state’s existence predetermines principles of rationing its structure genetically. The main results of the research. Each way of organizing property in a particular social time period can acquire the quality of the main backbone in the organization structure of the state. Each way of organizing property provides proper social function: private way of organizing property provides function of social development; mixed (corporate) way provides function of social compromise (convergence); general (collective) way provides function of social security in the broadest sense. If private way of organizing property genetically programmed for the production and reproduction of social competition, mixed (corporate) and common (collective) ways are determined by the idea of its limitations and leveling. When the private way of organizing property becomes the main system-forming one it begins to fully stimulate the existence of a democratic structure of state organization. In turn, when mixed (corporate) and common (collective) ways of organizing property become the main system-forming ones, they stimulate the existence of a wide structural range of state functioning: from various regimes of democratic orientation to specific non-democratic regimes. Conclusions. The study of property as the main system-forming goal of the state existence through the normative structuralism concept allows us to conclude that that each way of organizing property stimulates the existence of a certain state structure. Актуальность статьи обусловлена существованием пробела в исследовании собственности и государства как единого системного отношения. Цель статьи – показать на примере постсоветского правоприменения, что каждый способ организации собственности – частный, смешанный (корпоративный), общий (коллективный) – потенциально стимулирует существование определенной структуры государства. Используется авторская методология исследования государства – нормативный структурализм. Обосновывается теоретическая концепция авторского исследования собственности как основной системообразующей цели существования государства, которая позволяет расширить спектр инструментальных средств изучения российской государственности

Pleistocene glaciation in the east of the Russian Plain: Ural or Scandinavian glacier? | Die pleistozane Vergletscherung im Osten der Russischen Ebene: Zentrum im Ural oder Skandinavien?

A widespread occurrence of boulders and pebbles of Ural origin, forming watershed deposits and denudation hills ('puges') was discovered in the east of the Russian Plain at the end of the last century. These deposits were sometimes considered to be relicts of tills of the Pleistocene Ural ice sheets. The discussion about correlation of the Ural and Scandinavian glaciations lasted about 100 years. In the course of longterm investigations it has been established that the desintegrated rocks scattered on the surface are derived of Permian and Mesozoic conglomerates (petrographic and granulometric composition, roundness and other features). Two complexes can be identified in this material, i.e. the Upper Permian - Lower Triassic and Middle Jurassic. The difference in their composition displays the difference in climatic conditions during the denudation of the Ural: arid in the Permian and Early Triassic and humid in the Jurassic period. The north and west of the territory were covered only by the Scandinavian glacier. It is demonstrated by boulders from the Kola peninsula and Karelia. The traces of Pleistocene glaciation can be observed in the Urals mountains only at about 59°30 N latitude

МЕСТНОЕ САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЕ: ПРАКТИКА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА

The subject. The article presents a special study of the law enforcement practice of electoral legislation made by a court of various instances in the process of elections to the Omsk City Council of the sixth convocation held on September 10, 2017. The collision arises between the enforcement of federal and regional legislation is analyzed in the article.The purpose of the article is to find the ways of solving the conflict that arose during thr enforcement of federal and regional legislation regarding the verification procedure of voter’s signature.The methodology. The methods of analysis and synthesis are used. The focus of the scientific analysis concerns the courts decisions.The results, scope of application. In the Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in the Referendum of Citizens of the Russian Federation” of June 12, 2002, No. 67-FZ, the last paragraph of par. 8 of art. 37 fixes a set of issues established by the law of a sub-sovereign entity of the Russian Federation in holding the elections to a representative body of local self-government. In 2003, the regional law No. 456-OZ “On Elections to Local Self-Government Bodies of the Omsk Region” was passed, in which issues referred to the jurisdiction of the subject of the Russian Federation in the last paragraph of par. 8 of art. 37 of Federal Law No. 67, were not confirmed, especially with regard to the consolidation of the verification order of voters' signatures and grounds for recognition these signatures invalid, and (or) invalidated. At the same time, the Federal Law “On ensuring the constitutional rights of citizens of the Russian Federation to elect and be elected to local self-government bodies” No. 138-FZ of November 26, 1996, which in par. 2 of art. 1 "registered" the mechanism of its application in case of unsettledness, even with regard to the right to elect and be elected to the bodies of local self-government by the law of that body.The nsettledness concerns the verification order of authenticity of voters' signatures in candidacy lists when nominating candidates for representative bodies of local self-government.Conclusion. The article considers the sequence of solving this problem by the courts of the first, appellate and cassation instances, as a result of which the essence of the collision does not find its material and procedural solution, still remaining a gap both in the legislation and in the activities of federal control and supervisory bodies.Исследуется практика правоприменения избирательного законодательства судом различных инстанций в процессе проведения выборов в Омский городской Совет шестого созыва 10 сентября 2017 г. Рассматривается коллизия, возникшая в правоприменении федерального и областного законодательства относительно порядка проверки подписи избирателя, в результате которой в суды обратились несколько десятков граждан Российской Федерации, осуществивших самовыдвижение своих кандидатур в депутаты Омского городского Совета шестого созыва. Административные иски граждан основывались на том, что при отсутствии порядка проверки подлинности подписей избирателей эта работа сводилась избирательными комиссиями к проверке персональных данных подписанта, а не собственно его подписи

Российская государственность. 2017

The subject. The author's research methodology of social processes is represented, by establishinga bond between the ways of property organization and governmental form – especiallyits political regime.The analysis of methodology is based on the historical materials devoted to Russian statehoodin terms of its transition states during the appropriate industrialization of domesticproduction.The results, scope of application. Since 1861, the Russian statehood during its existence hasexperienced a number of important transitional states, where the successful process offorming the traditional foundations of the corresponding society in different periods (pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet) in terms of the author's methodology was and still is untenable.The basis of this methodology is the existing relationship between the concrete wayof property organization and its social function. Thus, a private way of property organizationreproduces the function of social development. A mixed (corporate) way provides a functionof social compromise (convergence). Finally, the common (collective) way of propertyorganization can be determined by the function of social security. A concrete way of propertyorganization arries out only a specific social function. An attempt to change this dependenceleads the corresponding society to the destruction of the foundations of its existence.Thus, the liquidation (abolition) of the private way of property organization objectivelyforms the impossibility of realizing the functions of social development and the functionsof social compromise (convergence) in the society by the common (collective) way ofits organization. There is another aspect of the relationship between a particular way oforganizing property and its social function. Each of the above methods of property organization,reaching a monopoly state that goes into rent, provides for self-destruction andtransformation of its social function as opposed to: from development to degradation, fromcompromise to confrontation, from social provision of society to the provision of clans. Abrief historical digression in the article makes it possible to disclose the content of thismethodology when analyzing the facts of life of Russian statehood, including its latest historyuntil 2017.Conclusions. The modern post-Soviet statehood in its various foundations: economic, political,social and cultural, when realizing the appropriate tendencies of segregation of theprivate way of property organization and the growing monopolization of state property,largely casts doubt on the future development of our society.В статье предлагается авторская методология исследования общественных процессов посредством установления зависимости между способами организации собственности и формой государства, особенно его политического режима. Анализ методологии происходит на историческом материале российской государственности в условиях ее переходных состояний во время соответствующих индустриализаций отечественного производства

On the limit of Quaternary glaciations in the east of the Russian Plain.

A study of ancient glaciation in the eastern part of the Russian Plain has been carried out over a long period using geological and geomorphological research methods, which included a detailed petrographic, granulometric, morphometric and textural analysis of detrital material from both bedrock and Pliocene-Quaternary deposits. The research confirmed that the area of Tatariya, Udmurtiya and the southern part of the Kirov region were never covered by ice during the Pliocene and the Pleistocene. - translated by P.Cook