Систематическая лимфодиссекция в хирургическом лечении рака легкого

Results of surgical treatment of 721 lung cancer patients were analyzed. Radical surgeries with systematic lymphodissection led to a significant increase in the overall 5-year survival rate (up to 60 %) without increase in the postoperative complication rate (17,2 %) and postoperative lethality rate (3,5 %)Проведён анализ результатов хирургического лечения 721 больного раком легкого. Радикальные операции с применением систематической лимфодиссекции СЛД статистически значимо увеличили 5-летнюю общую выживаемость до 60 %, без увеличения частоты послеоперационных осложнений (17,2 %) и послеоперационной летальности (3,5 %

IMPACT STUDY OF ANISOTROPIC OPTICAL FIBERS WINDING WITH DIFFERENT TENSION VALUE ON THE H-PARAMETER INVARIANCE DEGREE

Subject of Research. We have investigated the effect of anisotropic optical fibers winding with an elliptical sheath subjecting to stress on the H-parameter invariance degree. This type of optical fiber is used in the manufacture of fiber loop in fiber-optic gyroscopes. Method of Research. The method of research is based on the application of Michelson polarization scanning interferometer as a measuring device. Superluminescent diode with a central wavelength of 1575 nm and a half-width of the spectrum equal to 45 nm is used as a radiation source. The studies were carried out with anisotropic optical fiber with 50 m long elliptical sheath subjecting to stress. The fiber was wound with one layer turn to turn on the coil with a diameter of 18 cm, which is used in the design of fiber-optic gyroscope. The tension force of the optical fiber was controlled during winding on a special machine. Main Results. It was found that at the increase of tension force from 0.05 N to 0.8 H the value of H-parameter increases from 7×10-6 1/m up to 178×10-6 1/m, respectively; i.e. the coupling coefficient of orthogonal modes in the test fiber is being increased. Thus, it is necessary to consider the longitudinal tension force of fiber in the design and manufacture of the fiber-optic sensors of high accuracy class: the less the fiber winding power, the higher invariance degree of distributed H-parameter. The longitudinal tension force of anisotropic optical fiber with elliptical sheath subjecting to stress equal to 0.2 N is recommended in the process of designing fiber-optic gyroscopes. Practical Relevance. The proposed method of Michelson scanning interferometer is usable in the production process for quality determination of the optical fiber winding: no local defects, value controlling of fiber H-parameter

The study of spontaneous domain nucleation in the interelectrode gap of phase modulator based on titanium indiffused waveguides in lithium niobate crystals

The paper presents the analysis of nucleating kinetics and growing of switched domains in the surface layer of monodomain lithium niobate X-cut crystal in the interelectrode gap of integrated optical phase modulators. The work proposes the morphology model of domains growing along the boundary of surface electrodes in X-cut phase modulators. The mechanism of spontaneous needle-like domain growing as a result of the electric field induced by the pyroelectric effect at temperature changing of the crystal was theoretically substantiated. The Comsol Multiphysics cross-platform was used for the numerical estimation of the pyroelectric field in the interelectrode gap. The needle-like domain structures were studied experimentally at industrial samples of integrated optical phase modulators based on Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. The experimental research of the form and size of domains was performed with the anisotropic etching method by HF solution and followed by visual analysis. For non-destructive testing, the authors used scanning electron microscopy and piezo-response force microscopy. For the first time, the morphology of needle-like domains occurring in the interelectrode gap of phase modulators based on lithium niobate was experimentally studied. The results showed the theoretical and numerical model of domain growing that involves the pyroelectric nature of the electric field. It was demonstrated that along the electrode boundary, the needle-like domains grow up to 20 μm long at normal conditions and achieve 30 μm after the thermal shock by cooling at ΔT = – 125 °С. The discovered switched domains in the interelectrode gap can affect electro-optical characteristics of integrated optical phase modulators with the lithium niobate base and should be taken into account in the future design of electrode topology and modulator usage

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ И СМЕРТНОСТИ ОТ РАКА ЛЕГКОГО В ХАНТЫ-МАНСИЙСКОМ АВТОНОМНОМ ОКРУГЕ – ЮГРЕ

The aim of the study was to assess the lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Khanty-mansi autonomous okrug – Yugra during the period 1999–2019.Material and methods. We have studied the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in Yugra over the last 21 years (1999–2019).Results. In Yugra, the lung cancer (lc) incidence rates increased by 24.7 % from 1999 to 2019, demonstrating higher rates than those in the Russian Federation (RF), where lc incidence rates decreased by 20.3 %. In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate was 30.5 per 100,000 (22.7 for RF); the age-standardized mortality rate was 16.4 per 100,000 (18.4 for RF). The mortality rate from lc in Yugra was 9.6 times higher in males than in females (35.5 vs. 3.7 per 100,000). The cross-correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the lc incidence/mortality and air pollution in Yugra. The main carcinogens in Yugra were formaldehyde, phenol, nitrogen dioxide, and benzapyrene. The assessment of the relationship between the age-standardized lc incidence/mortality rates and the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere revealed that their synergistic effects with tobacco smoking can double the risk of lung cancer development. The increase in the number of chest computed tomography (ct) scans performed in the context of the pandemic caused by covid-19 infection led to an 18 % increase in the number of incidentally detected pulmonary nodules, of which 9 % of cases were diagnosed as lc.Conclusion. The lc incidence rates in Yugra tended to increase. The high rate of lc incidence is caused by man-made and natural factors, which requires the implementation of a screening program with the use of low-dose computed tomography in order to improve the early detection and prevention of this disease.Цель исследования – оценить эпидемиологическую ситуацию заболеваемости и смертности от рака легкого в Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе – Югре за 1999–2019 гг.Материал и методы. Изучена заболеваемость и смертность от рака легкого в Югре за последний 21 год (1999–2019 гг.).Результаты. Заболеваемость раком легкого (РЛ) в Югре за изучаемый период выше, чем в Российской Федерации, при ежегодном положительном темпе прироста стандартизованного показателя (СП) заболеваемости в 1,3 %. СП заболеваемости по округу в 2019 г. составил 30,5 на 100 тыс. населения (РФ – 22,7), смертности – 16,5 на 100 тыс. населения (РФ – 18,4). Показатель смертности от РЛ в Югре у мужчин в 9,6 раза выше, чем у женщин (35,5 против 3,7 на 100 тыс. населения). В динамике за исследуемый период СП смертности в Югре соответствует среднероссийскому показателю и имеет те же тенденции при ежегодном темпе убыли показателя смертности в 0,8 % (РФ – 1,9 %). По результатам кросс-корреляционного анализа выявлена взаимосвязь заболеваемости и смертности от РЛ с загрязняющими факторами окружающей среды в Югре. Основными канцерогенами в Югре являются формальдегид, фенол и диоксид азота. Увеличение числа проведенных КТ органов грудной клетки в условиях пандемии, вызванной новой коронавирусной инфекцией, привело к увеличению случайно выявленных узловых образований в легких на 18 %, из которых в 9 % случаев установлен диагноз РЛ. Это в очередной раз подчеркивает актуальность данного метода в ранней диагностике РЛ.Заключение. В Югре отмечается рост показателей заболеваемости РЛ. Высокий уровень заболеваемости РЛ обусловлен техногенными и природными факторами, что требует внедрения скрининговой программы с использованием низкодозной компьютерной томографии с целью ранней выявляемости и профилактики этого заболевания

SYSTEMATIC LYMPHODISSECTION IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF LUNG CANCER

Results of surgical treatment of 721 lung cancer patients were analyzed. Radical surgeries with systematic lymphodissection led to a significant increase in the overall 5-year survival rate (up to 60 %) without increase in the postoperative complication rate (17,2 %) and postoperative lethality rate (3,5 %

INFLUENCE OF THE ORTHOGONALLY POLARIZED BACK REFLECTIONS ON THE POWER AND RADIATION SPECTRUM OF SUPERLUMINESCENT DIODES

We have investigated the back reflections influence on the spectrum for optical radiation source of superluminescent diode type and have provided optimal operating conditions of the radiation source. The feature of the research method is the usage of a fiber polarization controller and an optical mirror coated on the end of an optical fiber. The studies were conducted with two sources of optical radiation: ThorLabs superluminescent diode series S5FC1005SXL and LED module ELED-1550-1-E-9-SM1-FA-CW. It was revealed that at the value of back reflections equal to -13 dB relative to the output power source, a negative impact on power and spectral characteristics of the source with an optical power of 2.3 µW is beginning to appear. It was also confirmed that at the increase of the radiation power by increasing the source pumping current, back reflection influence is exhibiting at a lower level of back reflections. The results obtained need to be considered when designing fiber optic sensors in order to eliminate the effect of back reflections on the sources of optical radiation having been studied in this paper