Diagnosing and measuring incompatibilities between pairs of services

International audienceThis text presents a tool, from its design to its implementation, which detects all behavioural incompatibilities between two service interfaces. Unlike prior work, the proposed solution does not simply check whether two services are incompatible or not, it rather provides detailed diagnosis, including the incompatibilities and for each one the location in the service interfaces where these incompatibilities occur. A measure of similarity between interfaces which considers outputs from the detection algorithm is proposed too. A visual report of the comparison analysis is also provided which pinpoints a set of incompatibilities that cause a behavioural interface not to simulate another one

The Fatigue Threshold of Rubber and Its Characterization Using the Cutting Method

Below a limiting value of tearing energy called the intrinsic strength or fatigue threshold (T-0), cracks will not grow in rubber due to fatigue; hence, this material characteristic is important to understand from both fundamental and practical perspectives. We summarize key aspects of the fatigue threshold, including the Lake-Thomas molecular interpretation of T-0 in terms of fracture of polymer network chains in crosslinked elastomers. The various testing approaches for quantifying T-0 are also discussed, with a focus on the classic Lake-Yeoh cutting method which was recently revived by the introduction of a commercial testing instrument that applies this procedure, the Intrinsic Strength Analyser (ISA). A validation of the cutting method is also given by demonstrating that a 2-h test on the ISA yields a value of T-0 that is essentially identical to the T-0 from near-threshold fatigue crack growth (FCG) measurements that require 7.5 months of continuous testing. Compound formulation effects - polymer type, crosslink density, type and amount of reinforcing fillers, and addition of oils/plasticizers - are examined based on the limited published research in this area and our new results. At the end, some insights are offered into using the fatigue threshold to develop highly durable rubber products.Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic - DKRVO [RP/CPS/2020/004