5,789 research outputs found
Studying Three Phase Supply in School
The power distribution of nearly all major countries have accepted 3-phase
distribution as a standard. With increasing power requirements of
instrumentation today even a small physics laboratory requires 3-phase supply.
While physics students are given an introduction of this in passing, no
experiment work is done with 3-phase supply due to the sheer possibility of
accidents while working with such large powers. We believe a conceptual
understanding of 3-phase supply would be useful for physics students with hands
on experience using a simple circuit that can be assembled even in a high
school laboratorys
Texture Classification of 3D MR Color Images using 3D Orthogonal Rank Filters
The term texture refers to patterns arranged in an order in a line or a curve. Textures allow one to make a meaningful interpretation of certain geometric regularity of spatially repeated patterns. In addition, texture also exhibits useful information about spatial distribution of color or gray intensities in an image. Correct interpretation of latent textures of various tissues in a body is an important requirement for a surgeon as a preoperative measure. In this context, extraction of textures in an MR scanned 3D image would assist a medical professional in the preoperative decision making process. This paper proposes a novel technique for extracting directional textures of a 3D MR image in all three axes separately
Texture Classification of 3D MR Color Images using 3D Orthogonal Rank Filters
The term ‘texture’ refers to patterns arranged in an order in a line or a curve. Textures allow one to make a meaningful interpretation of certain geometric regularity of spatially repeated patterns. In addition, texture also exhibits useful information about spatial distribution of color or gray intensities in an image. Correct interpretation of latent textures of various tissues in a body is an important requirement for a surgeon as a preoperative measure. In this context, extraction of textures in an MR scanned 3D image would assist a medical professional in the preoperative decision making process. This paper proposes a novel technique for extracting directional textures of a 3D MR image in all three axes separately
Experimental Test of Quantum No-Hiding Theorem
Linearity and unitarity are two fundamental tenets of quantum theory. Any
consequence that follows from these must be respected in the quantum world. The
no-cloning theorem and the no-deleting theorem are the consequences of the
linearity and the unitarity. Together with the stronger no-cloning theorem they
provide permanence to quantum information, thus, suggesting that in the quantum
world information can neither be created nor be destroyed. In this sense
quantum information is robust, but at the same time it is also fragile because
any interaction with the environment may lead to loss of information. Recently,
another fundamental theorem was proved, namely, the no-hiding theorem that
addresses precisely the issue of information loss. It says that if any physical
process leads to bleaching of quantum information from the original system,
then it must reside in the rest of the universe with no information being
hidden in the correlation between these two subsystems. This has applications
in quantum teleportation, state randomization, private quantum channels,
thermalization and black hole evaporation. Here, we report experimental test of
the no-hiding theorem with the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
We use the quantum state randomization of a qubit as one example of the
bleaching process and show that the missing information can be fully recovered
up to local unitary transformations in the ancilla qubits. Since NMR offers a
way to test fundamental predictions of quantum theory using coherent control of
quantum mechanical nuclear spin states, our experiment is a step forward in
this direction.Comment: 12 pages, 6 Figs. Jharana Rani Samal, Deceased on her 27th birthday
12th Nov. 2009. The experimental work of this paper was completely carried
out by the first author. We dedicate this paper to the memory of the
brilliant soul of Ms. Jharana Rani Samal
Influence of operating conditions on the electrolytic treatment for the removal of color, TSS, hardness and alkalinity using Al-Al electrode combination
The present investigation observed the effect of current density (CD), operating time (OT), inter electrode distance (IED), electrode area (EA), initial pH and settling time (ST) using Al-Al electrode combination on the removal of color, total suspended solids (TSS), hardness (HR) and alkalinity (ALK) from biologically treated municipal wastewater (BTMW) of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Jagjeetpur, Haridwar, India. The maximum removal of color (99.86%), TSS (98.7%), HR (78.9%) and ALK (43.69 %) from BTMW was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (2.65 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (0.5 cm), EA (160 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (60 min.). However, the maximum removal of ALK was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (1.68 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (1.0 cm), EA (80 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (90 min.) The electrolytic treatment ( ET) brought down the concentration of HR and ALK to the desirable limit of the BIS standards of drinking water. There was no need of pH adjustment of the BTMW during ET as the optimal removal efficiency was close to the pH of 7.5. Under optimal operating conditions, the operating cost was found to be 1.01 $/m3 in terms of the electrode consumption (23.71x 10-5 kg Al/m3) and energy consumption (101.76 Kwh/m3). The study revealed that BTMW can be effectively treated with the Al-Al electrode combination for color, TSS, HR and ALK removal
Efficiency of turbidity and BOD removal from secondarily treated sewage by electrochemical treatment
The present investigation observed the effect of operating time, current density, pH and supporting electrolyte on the removal efficiency of Turbidity (TD) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of secondarily treated sewage (STS) using electrochemical process. A glass chamber of 2 litre volume was used for the experiment with two electrode plates of aluminum, each having an area of 125 cm2 and 2 cm distance apart from each other. The treatment showed that the removal efficiency of TD and BOD increased to 87.41 and 81.38 % respectively with theincrease of current density (1.82 -7.52 mA/cm2), time (5 - 40 mins.) and different pH (4-8) of the STS. The most effective removal efficiency was observed around the pH 7. Further, 0.5 g/l NaCl as a supporting electrolyte for electrochemical treatment of STS was found to be more efficient for an increase to 95.56 % and 86.99 % for the removal of TD and BOD at 7.52 mA/cm2 current density in 40 mins. respectively. The electrode and energy consumption was found to vary from 2.52 x10-2 to 10.51 x10-2 kg Al/m3 and 2.76 kwh/m3 to 45.12 kWh/m3 depending on the operating conditions.The kinetic study results revealed that reaction rate (k) increased from 0.0174 to 0.03 min-1 for TD and 0.0169 to 0.024 min-1 for BOD with increase in current density from 1.82 to 7.52 mA/cm2
Removal of COD and BOD from biologically treated municipal wastewater by electrochemical treatment
The present investigation observed the effect of current density (CD), operating time (OT), inter electrode distance (IED), electrode area (EA), initial pH and settling time (ST) using Fe-Fe electrode combination on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from biologically treated municipal wastewater (BTMW) of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). The maximum removal of COD (92.35%) from BTMW was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (2.82 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (0.5 cm), EA (160 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (60 min.), while the maximum removal of BOD (84.88%) was found with the ST (30 min.) at the same operating conditions. There was no need of pH adjustment of the BTMW during ET as the optimal removal efficiency was close to the pH of 7.5. Under optimal operating conditions, the operating cost was found to be 54.29 Rs./m3 / 1.08 US$/m3 in terms of the electrode consumption (78.48 x 10-5 kg Al/m3 ) and energy consumption (108.48 Kwh/m3)
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