A low-delay 8 Kb/s backward-adaptive CELP coder

Code excited linear prediction coding is an efficient technique for compressing speech sequences. Communications quality of speech can be obtained at bit rates below 8 Kb/s. However, relatively large coding delays are necessary to buffer the input speech in order to perform the LPC analysis. A low delay 8 Kb/s CELP coder is introduced in which the short term predictor is based on past synthesized speech. A new distortion measure that improves the tracking of the formant filter is discussed. Formal listening tests showed that the performance of the backward adaptive coder is almost as good as the conventional CELP coder

Učinak mehaničke uzbude na preko-oporavak unutarnjeg trenja legura Al-16 Wt% Ag i Al-16 Wt% Ag-0.28 Wt% Fe

The phenomenon of internal friction (IF) of Al-16 wt% Ag and Al-16 wt% Ag-0.28 wt% Fe alloys aged at 428 and 523 K was studied at different testing temperatures using the free-decay method. The wire specimens were investigated for IF recovery under two different conditions of excitation. In the first, the specimens were continuously excited and in the other, they were subjected to normal condition of restrictive excitation. Under certain conditions of heat treatment and mode of excitation, an anomalous behaviour of IF recovery has been observed. TEM investigations confirmed that addition of Fe to Al-Ag alloy accelerates the precipitation of metastable phases. The mean values of the excitation energy of both alloys were found to be equal to that quoted for precipitate-dislocation interactions.Proučavali smo pojavu unutarnjeg trenja (UT) u slitinama Al-16 wt% Ag i Al-16 wt% Ag-0.28 wt% Fe starenim na 428 i 523 K, metodom slobodnih oscilacija na nizu mjernih temperatura. UT uzoraka žice ispitivali smo dvama načinima uzbude. U prvom s neprekidnom uzbudom, a u drugom smo uzorke podvrgavali normalnim uvjetima ograničene uzbude. U nekim uvjetima toplinske obrade i načina uzbude, opazili smo anomalan oporavak UT. Ispitivanja pomoću TEM potvrdila su da dodavanje Fe slitini Al-Ag ubrzava precipitaciju metastabilnih faza. Našli smo da je srednja energija uzbudne energije obje slitine jednaka onoj koja se navodi za interakcije dislokacija s precipitatima

Učinak mehaničke uzbude na preko-oporavak unutarnjeg trenja legura Al-16 Wt% Ag i Al-16 Wt% Ag-0.28 Wt% Fe

The phenomenon of internal friction (IF) of Al-16 wt% Ag and Al-16 wt% Ag-0.28 wt% Fe alloys aged at 428 and 523 K was studied at different testing temperatures using the free-decay method. The wire specimens were investigated for IF recovery under two different conditions of excitation. In the first, the specimens were continuously excited and in the other, they were subjected to normal condition of restrictive excitation. Under certain conditions of heat treatment and mode of excitation, an anomalous behaviour of IF recovery has been observed. TEM investigations confirmed that addition of Fe to Al-Ag alloy accelerates the precipitation of metastable phases. The mean values of the excitation energy of both alloys were found to be equal to that quoted for precipitate-dislocation interactions.Proučavali smo pojavu unutarnjeg trenja (UT) u slitinama Al-16 wt% Ag i Al-16 wt% Ag-0.28 wt% Fe starenim na 428 i 523 K, metodom slobodnih oscilacija na nizu mjernih temperatura. UT uzoraka žice ispitivali smo dvama načinima uzbude. U prvom s neprekidnom uzbudom, a u drugom smo uzorke podvrgavali normalnim uvjetima ograničene uzbude. U nekim uvjetima toplinske obrade i načina uzbude, opazili smo anomalan oporavak UT. Ispitivanja pomoću TEM potvrdila su da dodavanje Fe slitini Al-Ag ubrzava precipitaciju metastabilnih faza. Našli smo da je srednja energija uzbudne energije obje slitine jednaka onoj koja se navodi za interakcije dislokacija s precipitatima

Utjecaj opterećenja na obnavljanje unutarnjeg trenja legura Al-16 wt % Ag i Al-16 wt % Ag – 0.28 wt % Fe

The phenomenon of internal-friction recovery of Al-16 wt % Ag and Al-16 wt % Ag - 0.28 wt % Fe alloys is studied after cold-working the samples in uniaxial tension using the free decay method. The wire samples are investigated for internal friction recovery while they were loaded, within the elastic limit, by different loads at different testing temperatures. It is found that by increasing the temporary loading, the rate of recovery decreases. TEM investigations confirmed that the addition of Fe to Al-Ag alloy accelerates the formation and coarsening of Guinier-Preston zones. The results are explained on the basis of dislocation damping adopting the Granato-Lücke model for recovery of internal friction.Proučava se pojava oporavka unutarnjeg trenja legura Al-16 wt % Ag i Al-16 wt % Ag – 0.28 wt % Fe nakon hladne obrade jednoosnim naprezanjem primjenom metode slobodnog opadanja. Ispitivali smo žičane uzorke pod opterećenjem unutar elastične granice za više opterećenja i na više ispitnih temperatura. Našli smo da se s povećanjem opterećenja smanjuje brzina oporavka. Ispitivanja TEM-om su potvrdila da dodavanje Fe leguri Al-Ag ubrzava stvaranje i okrupnjivanje G. P. zona. Ishodi se tumače Granat-L¨ucke-ovim modelom dislokacijskog gušenja za oporavak unutarnjeg trenja

Utjecaj opterećenja na obnavljanje unutarnjeg trenja legura Al-16 wt % Ag i Al-16 wt % Ag – 0.28 wt % Fe

The phenomenon of internal-friction recovery of Al-16 wt % Ag and Al-16 wt % Ag - 0.28 wt % Fe alloys is studied after cold-working the samples in uniaxial tension using the free decay method. The wire samples are investigated for internal friction recovery while they were loaded, within the elastic limit, by different loads at different testing temperatures. It is found that by increasing the temporary loading, the rate of recovery decreases. TEM investigations confirmed that the addition of Fe to Al-Ag alloy accelerates the formation and coarsening of Guinier-Preston zones. The results are explained on the basis of dislocation damping adopting the Granato-Lücke model for recovery of internal friction.Proučava se pojava oporavka unutarnjeg trenja legura Al-16 wt % Ag i Al-16 wt % Ag – 0.28 wt % Fe nakon hladne obrade jednoosnim naprezanjem primjenom metode slobodnog opadanja. Ispitivali smo žičane uzorke pod opterećenjem unutar elastične granice za više opterećenja i na više ispitnih temperatura. Našli smo da se s povećanjem opterećenja smanjuje brzina oporavka. Ispitivanja TEM-om su potvrdila da dodavanje Fe leguri Al-Ag ubrzava stvaranje i okrupnjivanje G. P. zona. Ishodi se tumače Granat-L¨ucke-ovim modelom dislokacijskog gušenja za oporavak unutarnjeg trenja

Neutrosophic Non-linear Regression based on Kuhn-Tucker Necessary Conditions

Correlation coefficient and regression analysis are the most applied statistical approaches accessible in numerous disciplines due to its applicability and relevance. The neutrosophic sets found their place into recent research, whereas the world is full of indeterminacy. Kuhn-Tuckers necessary conditions are used to obtain the estimated parameters for non-linear regression models. This estimation procedure can use for any data set of non-linear regression models. We present, in this paper, the concepts of neutrosophic correlation and non-linear regression based on Kuhn-Tuckers necessary conditions. we provide some comparative studies between single-valued neutrosophic set and interval-valued neutrosophic set. Next, we apply scoring methods by different research. Numerical example is given to explain the result presented in this study. The results showed that the proposed approach can yield a fitting curve for any data set in neutrosophic environment

Isolation and identification of bacterial strains from apple flowers in Trentino and their evaluation as biocontrol agents of Erwinia amylovora

Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) represents a great threat to apple and pear production worldwide. For instance, the outbreak of fire blight occurred in Trentino caused a relevant reduction of crop yield in 2020. Since Ea can spread rapidly in the environment, it is difficult to manage this devastating phytopathogenic bacterium. It is now widely accepted that apple flowers may harbor bacterial taxa that might hinder the ability of Ea to colonize apple flower. Based on this body of knowledge, we aimed at investigating the microbiota of apple flowers to select new potential biocontrol agents active against Ea. Flowers of Malus domestica cv. Golden Delicious from Trentino apple orchards were sampled at the ‘Baloon stage’ and surface sterilised to isolate only bacteria residing within the flowers. Bacterial isolates were initially selected on R2A dishes according to their colony morphology and subsequently identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis showed the bacterial isolates mainly belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Microbacteriaceae families. One member of each bacterial family was selected and tested against Ea both on newly open apple flowers and on pear slices. Preliminary results showed some of these strains might have a significant effect on the control of Ea. In particular, Pantoea agglomerans and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens strains showed the highest efficacy. In the future, we will carry out further experiments to investigate and understand the modes of action of these bacterial strains

Investigation of symmetry attribute analysis on the phase measurements of marine controlled-sourceelectromagnetic surveys

In this paper we study the potential of symmetry attribute analysis applied to the phase component of electric field observations of marine controlled-source electromagnetic data. The effectiveness of symmetry attribute analysis on the phase component of marine controlled-source electromagnetic data in detecting the boundaries of resistive layer(s), such as hydrocarbon accumulation, is investigated. A comparison between symmetry attribute analysis on the phase and magnitude component of 2.5D synthetic data and a real data set is also discussed. The results presented a clear response indicative of the locations of the subsurface resistors. The phase symmetry attribute analysis proved to be effective for qualitative detection of the lateral extent of embedded resistors

Real-Time Cure Monitoring of Unsaturated Polyester Resin from Ultra-Violet Curing

Real time Fourier transform infrared (RTFT-IR) spectroscopy reveals the influence of the nature of the photoinitiator on the kinetics for the polymerization reaction. Real time cure monitoring was used to determine the polymerization rate of ultra-violet cured unsaturated polyester resins (UPR1:2-1:5) based on palm oil and containing styrene as a cross-linking agent in the presence of IRGACURE 184 photoinitiator. Firstly, variable types of UPR1:2-1:5 were prepared using various ratios of monoglyceride (MG) monomer to maleic anhydride which used as a source of double bond using polycondensation technique. RTFT-IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the ultra-violet curing kinetics for all the systems. This technique offered a powerful approach for monitoring changes in the chemical properties of the system during the ultra-violet curing. Pseudo first order kinetics for all UPR1:2-1:5 curable systems were determined and the rate constant values and regression coefficients were calculated. Furthermore, the thermal behaviour and morphological features for the photo-fabricated UPR1:2-1:5 systems were examined. The thermal analyses for the cured films were evaluated by TGA, DTG and DSC in nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min. All the formulations showed similar degradation pattern at 40 % and 50 % weight losses (Td = 40% and Td =50% respectively) except polymer UPR1:5 which had somewhat lower degree in the same range. In addition, the morphological properties for photo-fabricated UPR1:2,1:3,1:5 were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy.