12,565 research outputs found
The Poor at Birth: Infant Auxology and Mortality at Philadelphia's Almshouse Hospital, 1848-1873
This paper presents an analysis of birth weights and infant mortality in mid-nineteenth century Philadelphia using obstetrics records of Philadelphia's Almshouse hospital, an institution for the poor and their offspring. Children of the poor weighed between 2,900 and 3,200 grams on average at birth, or about the 10th to 25th percentile of modern birth weight standards. 3rthweights declined during the Civil War decade, consistent with the poor state of the economy in the l80s, because birth weights were lower than modern standards the urban poor suffered from higher rates of infant mortality than today. But infant mortality was far worse than that expected from a modern schedule of mortality by birth weight, and a major determinant of excess mortality appears to be the poor quality of nineteenth century obstetrics.
Observing Grasping Actions Directed to Emotion-Laden Objects: Effects upon Corticospinal Excitability
The motor system is recruited whenever one executes an action as well as when one observes the same action being executed by others. Although it is well established that emotion modulates the motor system, the effect of observing other individuals acting in an emotional context is particularly elusive. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect induced by the observation of grasping directed to emotion-laden objects upon corticospinal excitability (CSE). Participants classified video-clips depicting the right-hand of an actor grasping emotion-laden objects. Twenty video-clips differing in terms of valence but balanced in arousal level were selected. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were then recorded from the first dorsal interosseous using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while the participants observed the selected emotional video-clips. During the video-clip presentation, TMS pulses were randomly applied at one of two different time points of grasping: (1) maximum grip aperture, and (2) object contact time. CSE was higher during the observation of grasping directed to unpleasant objects compared to pleasant ones. These results indicate that when someone observes an action of grasping directed to emotion-laden objects, the effect of the object valence promotes a specific modulation over the motor system.Fil: Nogueira Campos, Anaelli A.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Saunier, Ghislain. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Della Maggiore, Valeria Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: De Oliveira, Laura A. S.. Centro Universitário Augusto Motta; BrasilFil: Rodrigues, Erika C.. Centro Universitário Augusto Motta; BrasilFil: Vargas, Claudia D.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi
Energetics and electronic structure of phenyl-disubstituted polyacetylene: A first-principles study
Phenyl-disubstituted polyacetylene (PDPA) is an organic semiconductor which
has been studied during the last years for its efficient photo-luminescence. In
contrast, the molecular geometry, providing the basis for the electronic and
optical properties, has been hardly investigated. In this paper, we apply a
density-functional-theory based molecular-dynamics approach to reveal the
molecular structure of PDPA in detail. We find that oligomers of this material
are limited in length, being stable only up to eight repeat units, while the
polymer is energetically unfavorable. These facts, which are in excellent
agreement with experimental findings, are explained through a detailed analysis
of the bond lengths. A consequence of the latter is the appearance of
pronounced torsion angles of the phenyl rings with respect to the plane of the
polyene backbone, ranging from up to . We point out
that such large torsion angles do not destroy the conjugation of the
electrons from the backbone to the side phenyl rings, as is evident from the
electronic charge density.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Force on a neutral atom near conducting microstructures
We derive the non-retarded energy shift of a neutral atom for two different
geometries. For an atom close to a cylindrical wire we find an integral
representation for the energy shift, give asymptotic expressions, and
interpolate numerically. For an atom close to a semi-infinite halfplane we
determine the exact Green's function of the Laplace equation and use it derive
the exact energy shift for an arbitrary position of the atom. These results can
be used to estimate the energy shift of an atom close to etched microstructures
that protrude from substrates.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Perancangan Buku Fotografi Batik Bram Moelyowidodo Klaten
Batik adalah bagian dari budaya dan seni di Indonesia, yang harus dijaga dan dilestarikan. Batik mempunyaicorak atau motif yang jika di telusuri lebih dalam corak atau motif dalam batik merupakan visualisasi darimakna-makna tertentu. Bahkan ada batik yang motifnya adalah ungkapan cerita tertentu, salah satunya adalahbatik karya Bram Moelyowidodo. Batik Bram disebut juga batik yang bercerita, di mana visualisasi tentangaktivitas keseharian masyarakat. Kebanyakan menceritakan perpaduan budaya atau akulturasi budaya Cina danJawa. Namun, karena banyaknya masyarakat yang belum mengenal dan mengetahui keberadaan tentang batikBram Moelyowidodo khususnya sebagai batik bermotif akulturasi budaya, maka perancangan buku ini menjadimedia yang signifikan tentang Bram Moelyowidodo serta karya-karya batiknya yang memvisualkan nilai-nilaiakulturasi budaya
Uncovering the host galaxy of the -ray-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy FBQS J1644+2619
The discovery of -ray emission from radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1
(NLSy1) galaxies has questioned the need for large black hole masses (> 10
M) to launch relativistic jets. We present near-infrared data of the
-ray-emitting NLSy1 FBQS J1644+2619 that were collected using the
camera CIRCE (Canarias InfraRed Camera Experiment) at the 10.4-m Gran
Telescopio Canarias to investigate the structural properties of its host galaxy
and to infer the black hole mass. The 2D surface brightness profile is modelled
by the combination of a nuclear and a bulge component with a S\'ersic profile
with index = 3.7, indicative of an elliptical galaxy. The structural
parameters of the host are consistent with the correlations of effective radius
and surface brightness against absolute magnitude measured for elliptical
galaxies. From the bulge luminosity, we estimated a black hole mass of
(2.10.2) 10 M, consistent with the values
characterizing radio-loud active galactic nuclei.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society Letter, Vol. 469, L11-L1
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