Динамика охлаждения металлической мишени после воздействия импульсного ионного пучка

Представлены результаты исследования динамики остывания металлической мишени после воздействия на нее импульсного ионного пучка с плотностью энергии 3-5 Дж/см2. Эксперименты проведены на ионном ускорителе ТЕМП-4М (длительность импульса - 150 нс, ускоряющее напряжение - 250-300 кВ). Динамику остывания теплового отпечатка, формируемого мощным ионным пучком на мишени, регистрировали в режиме видео съемки с помощью тепловизора. Выполнен анализ и определение физического механизма охлаждения мишени в разных экспериментальных условиях: в вакуумной диодной камере ускорителя и на воздухе

THE STATE POLICY OF SERVICE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Currently, the service sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in Kazakhstan, so the study of the service sector and the governmental intervention in it is essential, as it allows one to choose the instruments and limits of the support. The aim of the article is to study and describe the increasing role of the modern state policy of Kazakhstan in the development of the service sector, based on a study of the impact of public investment and government programs. The paper shows the following results: 1. Implementation of state industrial programs in Kazakhstan leads to an increase in the services sector (expressed in the GDP structure and employment); 2. For Kazakhstan, there is still a high influence of public investments in the service sector, in contrast to Russia; 3. The highest rates of innovation activity in the service sector are in the fields associated with active government presence

THE STATE POLICY OF SERVICE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Currently, the service sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in Kazakhstan, so the study of the service sector and the governmental intervention in it is essential, as it allows one to choose the instruments and limits of the support. The aim of the article is to study and describe the increasing role of the modern state policy of Kazakhstan in the development of the service sector, based on a study of the impact of public investment and government programs. The paper shows the following results: 1. Implementation of state industrial programs in Kazakhstan leads to an increase in the services sector (expressed in the GDP structure and employment); 2. For Kazakhstan, there is still a high influence of public investments in the service sector, in contrast to Russia; 3. The highest rates of innovation activity in the service sector are in the fields associated with active government presence

The formation of intercultural competence based on information and analytical technologies

The choice of a profession is a crucial part of our life. It can be claimed that nowadays many new professions have appeared connected with information and data analysis. Besides, one should take into account the importance of intercultural and communicative competence (ICC) and emphasize the need to consider ICC based on the information and analytical technologies as a positive influence for the future career. The aim of this research is to investigate the cognitive and communicative process of foreign language education at the profile or specialized level of a secondary general school. In this regard we set specific tasks to determine the nomenclature of sub-competencies that are part of the ICC of specialized schools students; draw up a system of communicative tasks aiming at the formation of ICC of specialized schools students; substantiate the relevance of integrating information and analytical technologies in the formation of specialized schools students' ICC. In this paper, we demonstrate a model for the formation of intercultural and communicative competence of specialized school students based on the information and analytical technologies. All approaches, stages, and experimental techniques conducted at a specialized school in the city of Karaganda are detailed

EXPLORING THE MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE CURRENT MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE SYSTEM OF KAZAKHSTAN: CASE STUDY OF NUR-SULTAN CITY

As we move forward, municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, particularly in developing countries, contribute notably to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, the MSW sector plays a key role in planning strategies for developing countries such as Kazakhstan to decrease GHG emissions. With respect to the Paris Agreement, Kazakhstan has set the target of reducing GHG emissions to 15-25% by 2030 compared to the level of 1991, which will undoubtedly require certain measures in the field of MSW management. Several recent articles have been published on the waste management sector of Kazakhstan; however, none have explicitly focused on the impact of greenhouse gas emissions and possible pathways towards sustainable management. Thus, this paper describes the existing MSW system in Nur Sultan city as representative for the rest of the country. The quantitative evaluation of GHG emissions from the existing MSW system in the capital is carried out based on the IPCC methodology using the SWM-GHG calculator developed by the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (IFEU). An assessment and cost analysis of a set of several suitable MSW management scenarios, such as scenario 1: existing case (15% recycling rate and 85% disposal), scenario 2: 30% recyclable materials, and 70% sanitary landfill with gas collection; scenario 3: 30% recyclable materials and 70% biological stabilization and landfill without gas collection; scenario 4: 30% recyclable materials, 20% composting and 50% waste to be sent to the WtE plant (incineration). The level of GHG emissions decreases with the introduction of more integrated waste management methods, but requires more financial investments. Therefore, Scenario 3 is the most efficient to implement in terms of the combination of cost of €19.4 million/year and magnitude of GHG emissions of 48 kt of CO2 eq/year. The outcomes of this work will help to extrapolate the model to other large cities in Kazakhsta

MACROPOROUS CELL-LADEN GELATIN/HYALURONIC ACID/CHONDROITIN SULFATE CRYOGELS FOR ENGINEERED TISSUE CONSTRUCTS

Cryogels are a unique macroporous material for tissue engineering. In this work, we study the effect of hyaluronic acid on the physicochemical properties of cryogel as well as on the proliferation of a 3D model of mesenchymal stem cells. The functional groups of the synthesized cryogels were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. With an increase in the content of hyaluronic acid in the composition of the cryogel, an increase in porosity, gel content and swelling behavior was observed. As the hyaluronic acid content increased, the average pore size increased and more open pores were formed. Degradation studies have shown that all cryogels were resistant to PBS solution for 8 weeks. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated no toxic effect on viability of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) cultured on cryogels. ADMSC spheroids were proliferated on scaffolds and showed the ability of the cryogels to orient cell differentiation into chondrogenic lineage even in the absence of inductive agents. Thus, our results demonstrate an effective resemblance to extracellular matrix structures specific to cartilage-like microenvironments by cryogels and their further perspective application as potential biomaterials

Characteristics of cholera strains isolated in Kazakhstan

In the Republic of Kazakhstan there are three types of areas with different cholera infection risk levels for people. Within cholera epidemiological surveillance the cholera strains are annually isolated from people and the environment. In this research, we studied the cholera strains isolated in Kazakhstan for 2013-2015 and they were selected for this study. All cholera strains were locally isolatedfrom people and the environment except one toxigenic imported strain of V. cholerae 01 lnaba which had genes of ctxAB, tcpA. The study showed that there were V cholerae strains which were atypical by their agglutination abilities and sensitivity to cholera phages. It can complicate the cholera laboratory diagnostics especially the diagnostics of V. cholerae О1 and for timely recognition of cholera it is necessary to carry out the diagnostics combined with molecular and genetic methods. For the study of antibiotic sensitivity or resistance we use eight antibacterial preparations. Cholera strains isolated in Kazakhstan did not have antibiotic resistance to the studied preparations. But the cholera strain brought from Pakistan was resistant to ciprofloxacin. The lack of strong resistance of local strains to the antibacterial drugs studied is encouraging in terms of conducting aetiotropic therapy. However, the possibility of entering of antibiotic-resistant strains into Kazakhstan obliges regularly to monitor strains for their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs

Проблемы обучения студентов на английском языке (EMI) в университетах Казахстана

Introduction. Fascination with English medium instruction (EMI) is fast growing in higher education institutions in non-native English-speaking countries, including Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstani government adopted a trilingual education policy in 2007 and the Bologna Process in 2010. Both these initiatives motivated universities to offer academic programmes in the English language. As a result, EMI programmes are offered in over 70 higher education institutions across Kazakhstan. In addition, there are four major Kazakhstani universities which offer academic programmes in English only. Despite the increase in the number of EMI programmes, there is a lack of empirical evidence about the difficulties and challenges faced by students in the EMI programmes. Aim. The present study aimed to investigate the nature, forms, and levels of challenges graduate students face in academic reading and writing in English and the way they cope with these challenges. The study was conducted with graduate students and faculty in 10 selected Kazakhstani universities, which offer academic programmes in EMI. Research methodology and methods. The study is based on a mixed-method design, involving an online survey and semi-structured interviews. The closed-ended questions have been analysed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The grounded theory analysis was utilised to scrutinise open-ended questions and interview transcripts. Results and scientific novelty. The study’s results indicated two major challenges faced by graduate students in academic reading and writing: the personal-psychological challenge and sociological challenge. The first challenge includes students’ previous academic backgrounds, exposure, and learning experiences. The second challenge is related to English academic culture and students’ worldviews, concepts, and values about English as a language and medium of instruction. As a result, graduate students experienced a lack of vocabulary, inadequate academic literacy skills, unfamiliarity with academic writing styles in English, and lack of skills to synthesise reading materials. Practical significance. Hence, this study recommends systematising English language programmes across secondary and higher education institutions to help students acquire advanced English language proficiency. Also, the study results suggest that local faculty members should be trained according to international standards in terms of their English language skills and innovative teaching methods.Введение. Интерес к обучению на английском языке (English Medium Instruction – EMI) быстро растет в высших учебных заведениях стран, для которых английский язык не является родным, включая Казахстан. Правительство страны приняло политику трехъязычного образования в 2007 году и Болонский процесс в 2010 году. Обе эти инициативы побудили университеты предлагать академические программы на английском языке. В результате они появились в 70 вузах Казахстана. Более того, на данный момент есть четыре крупных университета с академическими программами исключительно на английском языке. Несмотря на увеличение количества программ EMI, отсутствуют эмпирические данные о трудностях и проблемах, с которыми в них сталкиваются студенты. Цель. Данное исследование изучает природу, формы и уровни проблем, с которыми сталкиваются магистранты и докторанты при академическом чтении и письме на английском языке, а также то, как они справляются с этими проблемами. Исследование проводилось среди студентов магистратуры и докторантуры, а также преподавателей из 10 выбранных казахстанских вузов, предлагающих академические программы с EMI. Методология и методы исследования. Исследование использует дизайн комбинированных методов, включающий онлайн-опрос и полуструктурированные интервью. Закрытые вопросы были проанализированы с помощью статистического пакета (SPSS). Метод обоснованной теории был использован для подробного анализа открытых вопросов и транскриптов интервью. Результаты и научная новизна. Результаты исследования выявили две основные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются студенты при академическом чтении и письме: личностно-психологическая и социологическая. Первая проблема включает в себя предыдущий академический опыт студентов, а также опыт обучения. Вторая проблема связана с английской академической культурой и мировоззрением, концепциями и ценностями студентов в отношении английского языка как языка и средства обучения. В результате студенты столкнулись со следующими трудностями: нехватка словарного запаса, недостаточные навыки академической грамотности, незнание стилей академического письма на английском языке и отсутствие навыков синтезирования прочитанного. Практическая значимость. Таким образом, данное исследование рекомендует систематизировать программы изучения английского языка в средних и высших учебных заведениях, чтобы помочь учащимся овладеть английским языком на продвинутом уровне. Кроме того, результаты исследования показывают, что местные преподаватели должны быть обучены в соответствии с международными стандартами, включая навыки английского языка и инновационные методы обучения.The research study is funded by Nazarbayev University under Collaborative Research Programme Grant № 021220CRP1322.Исследование финансируется Назарбаев Университетом в рамках гранта Программы совместных исследований № 021220CRP1322

Optimal Packing of Two Disks on Torus

The article is devoted to recently established connection between the packing problem of disks on torus and the effective conductivity of composites with circular inclusions. The packing problem is usually investigated by geometrical arguments, the conductivity problem by means of elliptic functions. An algorithm is developed in order to determine the optimal location of two disks on torus formed by the hexagonal lattice and square lattice. The corresponding minimization function is constructed in terms of expressions consisting of elliptic functions with unknown arguments. The numerically found roots coincide with the previously established optimal points by a pure geometrical study