Ileal Intussusception Caused by Vanek's Tumor: A Case Report

Inflammatory fibroid polyps (Vanek's tumor) are rare benign localized lesions originating in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Intussusceptions due to inflammatory fibroid polyps are uncommon; moreover, ileo-ileal intussusception with small bowel necrosis and perforation has rarely been reported. We report a 56-year-old woman who was admitted two days after complaints of nausea and vomiting. Abdominal examination revealed distension, signs of gastrointestinal perforation and clanging intestinal sounds. The patient underwent a emergency laparotomy which found a 17-cm invaginated mid-ileal segment with necrosis, perforation and fecal peritonitis. The ileal segment was resected and single-layer end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Histopathological analysis showed an ulcerative lesion with variable cellularity, formed by spindle cells with small number of mitosis and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate comprising mainly eosinophils. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of ileal Vanek's tumor. Although inflammatory fibroid polyps are seen very rarely in adults, they are among the probable diagnoses that should be considered in obstructive tumors of the small bowel causing intussusception with intestinal necrosis and perforation

Compound double ileoileal and ileocecocolic intussusception caused by lipoma of the ileum in an adult patient: A case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The initial diagnosis of intussusception in adults very often can be missed and cause delayed treatment and possible serious complications. We report the case of an adult patient with complicated double ileoileal and ileocecocolic intussusception.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 46-year-old Caucasian man was transferred from the gastroenterology service to the abdominal surgery service with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. An abdominal ultrasound, barium enema, and abdominal computed tomography scan revealed an intraluminal obstruction of his ascending colon. Plain abdominal X-rays showed diffuse air-fluid levels in his small intestine. A double ileoileal and ileocecocolic intussusception was found during an emergent laparotomy. A right hemicolectomy, including resection of a long segment of his ileum, was performed. The postoperative period was complicated by acute renal failure, shock liver, and pulmonary thromboembolism. Our patient was discharged from the hospital after 30 days. An anatomical pathology examination revealed a lipoma of his ileum.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Intussusception in adults requires early surgical resection regardless of the nature of the initial cause. Delayed treatment can cause very serious complications.</p

Analysis of Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Game Industry

A game, sometimes known as a video game, is a form of modern technology-based game. Gaming is currently one of the major industries on the planet. Because gaming aficionados from all over the world number in the hundreds of millions, if not billions, this sector is very substantial. The game may be played on a PC, an Android device, or a game machine both offline and online. Artificial intelligence is also used in video games. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is artificial intelligence implemented on a computer system that allows players to compete against the computer in a game similar to that of other players. Artificial intelligence, often known as machine intelligence, is a mimic of human intellect that has been trained to think like humans. Artificial intelligence is a technology that uses data as knowledge in order for the intelligence created to improve and learn from prior failures. When employed by humans, artificial intelligence can be activated by human orders or by itself based on AI experience. The goal of this research was to figure out how artificial intelligence was progressing in the gaming business

Techno-economic and sustainability assessment of solar-aided lignocellulosic biorefineries

Text in EnglishThe aim of this thesis is to conduct a techno-economic and sustainability assessment of solar-aided biorefineries in South Africa. Previous studies on solar-aided lignocellulosic biorefineries are limited to concept illustration and biofuel cost estimation. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of the technical performance, environmental impact and manufacturing costs of potential co-products including lignin and biochar has never been conducted. In addition, although South Africa generates about 16 million metric tonnes of corn residues per annum, and possesses one of the highest solar irradiances in the world, a techno-economic study for solar-aided lignocellulosic biorefineries in South Africa is presently lacking. In order to address the above-mentioned knowledge gaps, the conversion of corn stover into ethanol was simulated. Various scenarios in which solar energy could be added to the biorefinery to generate process steam and electricity were evaluated. Also, a novel gasification configuration allowing the integration of solar energy as a heat source for gasification chemical reactions was modelled and studied. Further, processes enabling the conversion of corn stover into methanol via gasification and CO2 hydrogenation were developed. The techno-economic and environmental performance of all modelled scenarios was then assessed. The results obtained revealed that by the incorporation of solar energy into a corn stover-to-ethanol biorefinery combined with the export of lignin as a co-product could enhance the biorefinery’s overall energy conversion efficiency from 34.3 to 53 – 77%. Moreover, for the standalone scenarios, the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) was 0.61 USD/litre (25.88 USD/GJ), which increased to 43.17 – 68.84 USD/GJ in the solar-aided scenarios. Lignin's minimum selling price was found to vary between 1.63 USD/kg to 3.55 USD/kg depending on the mode of solar energy integration. The incorporation of solar energy combined with export of lignin resulted in an overall potential environmental impact (PEI/hr) 14 to 46% lower. Also, in the solar-aided scenarios, up to 2.06 km2 of land was required by the biorefinery. In the corn stover-to-methanol biorefinery, the export of char was found to improve the overall conversion efficiency from 46.1 to 61.5%. Further, the introduction of a solar-aided gasifier enhanced net gasification efficiency by 56 to 87%. The minimum methanol selling price (MMSP) for the standalone and solar-aided configurations were respectively found to be 0.31 USD/litre (17.47 USD/GJ) and 0.50 USD/litre (27.88 USD/GJ). While the biochar minimum selling price was estimated to be 13.04 USD/GJ (0.37 USD/kg). The overall PEI/hr for the solar-aided biorefinery was found to be 36% lower that the standalone configuration. Also, the integration of solar energy required a total land area of 6.92 km2, which is substantial. Data generated in this study are expected to serve as a building block for the future implementation of the circular bioeconomy production concept. The study is also expected to be value-added to the literature by providing data that could be used as a reference point for the efficient integration of solar energy into lignocellulosic biorefineries.Civil and Chemical EngineeringD. Phil. (Chemical Engineering

An investigation into polymeric materials for the design of high performances shock tubes

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.Shock tube initiators are small-diameter hollow plastic tubing used in blasting systems to remotely convey an initiation signal in the form of shock wave to a detonating cap. Over the past years, few researchers have reported the development of various shock tube designs consisting of single, double, and triple polymeric layers. Despite the disclosure of the development of different shock tube designs, none of the researchers presented experimental data enabling one to predict how shock tubes' properties and performance could be affected by the number of polymeric layers and the nature of polymeric materials present in the shock tube. The aim of this investigation was, therefore, to experimentally determine to which extent changing the number of polymeric layers and the type of polymeric materials could vary the properties and performance of a multi-layered shock tube. The methodology used during the investigation involved the extrusion and testing of a standard three-layered shock tube similar to the commercially available high performance shock tube and samples of different recipes of two-layered shock tubes. The three-layered shock tube was made of high density polyethylene in the outer layer, ethylene based ionomer in the inner layer and ethylene acrylic acid copolymer in the intermediate layer. Samples of two-layered shock tubes were made of ethylene based ionomer in the inner layer and various blends of polyethylene/Adhesion promoter in the outer layer

An investigation into polyethylene blends for the design of high performance shock tubes

Shock tube initiators are small-diameter hollow plastic tubing used in blasting systems to remotely convey an initiating signal in the form of shock wave to a detonating cap. Since the 1960’s, these devices have been widely adopted by the mining industry and are today considered to be crucial parts of explosive initiating systems. Over the past years, researchers have reported the development of various shock tube designs consisting of single, double, and triple polymeric layers. Despite the disclosure of different shock tube designs, the impact of polymeric materials on the properties and performance of shock tubes remains unclear. In this paper, the influence of some polyethylene blends on the properties and performance of two-layered shock tubes is studied, evaluated and reported. The study was conducted by varying the outer layer composition of a two-layered shock tube while keeping the inner layer unchanged. Samples of two-layered shock tubes were made of ethylene based ionomer in the inner layer and blends of 70%HDPE/30%HDPE-g-MAH, 70%HDPE/30%EMA, 70%HDPE/30%ionomer, and 70%LLDPE/30%ionomer in the outer layer. The evaluation methods were similar to that used in industry for commercial shock tubes. The findings revealed that polymeric materials present in the outer layer of a two-layered shock tube could define the tube’s properties and performance

Computer Modelling of Compartment Fires

This report briefly describes a two-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics model for compartment fire simulations. The model is based on the numerical control volume solution of the governing partial differential equations for mass, momentum and energy conservation and it models fire as a heat and mass source. The governing equations are solved over a boundary-fitted coordinate system which allows the application of the model to rooms with complex geometrics.Ce rapport fournit une br\ue8ve description d?un mod\ue8le bidimensionnel transitoire de dynamique des fluides computationnelle destin\ue9 aux simulations d?incendie de compartiment. Le mod\ue8le est fond\ue9 sur la solution du volume de contr\uf4le num\ue9rique des \ue9quations aux d\ue9riv\ue9es partielles existantes pour la masse, la force d?impulsion et la conservation de l?\ue9nergie, et l?incendie est mod\ue9lis\ue9 comme source thermique et massique. Les \ue9quations existantes sont r\ue9solues sur un syst\ue8me de coordonn\ue9es ajust\ue9 selon les limites, qui permet l?application du mod\ue8le \ue0 des pi\ue8ces ayant des caract\ue9ristiques g\ue9om\ue9triques complexes.Peer reviewed: NoNRC publication: Ye