Business angel exits: A theory of planned behaviour perspective

Although there are a handful of studies on business angel investment returns, the business angel literature has given little or no attention to exits and the exit strategy. This is surprising given that a primary objective of investing is to achieve a capital gain through some form of liquidity event. Using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as an interpretative heuristic, we examine how exits happen: specifically, what are the motivations to seek an exit and to what extent are they planned or opportunistic? Based on multiple case studies in which business angels were invited to tell the story of their most recent exit(s), the evidence suggests that the majority of liquidity events are the outcome of planned behaviour. We propose a typology of angel-backed investment exits as the basis for identifying future directions for research and developing practical advice to angels on effective business practices

Bladder Sparing Approaches for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancers.

OPINION STATEMENT: Organ preservation has been increasingly utilised in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Multiple bladder preservation options exist, although the approach of maximal TURBT performed along with chemoradiation is the most favoured. Phase III trials have shown superiority of chemoradiotherapy compared to radiotherapy alone. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy gives local control outcomes comparable to those of radical surgery, but seemingly more superior when considering quality of life. Bladder-preserving techniques represent an alternative for patients who are unfit for cystectomy or decline major surgical intervention; however, these patients will need lifelong rigorous surveillance. It is important to emphasise to the patients opting for organ preservation the need for lifelong bladder surveillance as risk of recurrence remains even years after radical chemoradiotherapy treatment. No randomised control trials have yet directly compared radical cystectomy with bladder-preserving chemoradiation, leaving the age-old question of superiority of one modality over another unanswered. Radical cystectomy and chemoradiation, however, must be seen as complimentary treatments rather than competing treatments. Meticulous patient selection is vital in treatment modality selection with the success of recent trials within the field of bladder preservation only being possible through this application of meticulous selection criteria compared to previous decades. A multidisciplinary approach with radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and urologists is needed to closely monitor patients who undergo bladder preservation in order to optimise outcomes

Konzeptionierung neuer FK-Laser-Systeme Abschlussbericht

Available from TIB Hannover: F94B123+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Nuclear shape transition in light gold isotopes

29 pages, 5 tables, 12 figures.-- This publication comprises part of the thesis of K. Wallmeroth.The hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of short-lived gold isotopes with 185 ≤ A ≤190 and the l1-/2 isomer of 189Au have been investigated by application of on-line resonance ionization mass spectroscopy. A detection efficiency of ε = 10-8 for gold atoms was observed at a background of about one event per 1000 laser shots. The deduced charge radii show a drastic change between A=187 and A=186 which is interpreted as an onset of strong deformation (β2 ≈ =0.25) in 186Au and 185Au due to the influence of the πlh(9/2) intruder orbital.This work has been funded by the German Federal Minister for Research and Technology (Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie) under contract No. Mz-458-I, by the US Dept. of Energy grant No. De-FG05-87ER40330 (Ga.Tech.) and by NATO research grant No. RG-86/0452 (INP, Gent and Ga. Tech).Peer reviewe

Nuclear shape transition in neutron-deficient gold isotopes

4 pages, 1 table, 4 figures.On-line resonance ionization mass spectrometry has been applied to determine the isotope shift and hyperfine structure of 185–189Au and tne I=11/2 isomer of 189Au in the 6s 2S(1/2)-->6p2P(1/2) (h = 268 nm) transition. The Au atoms were obtained as daughters of mass-separated Hg isotopes produced at the ISOLDE facility at CERN, ionized by a three-step resonant photoionization process, detected and mass-selected by time of flight. A drastic change of the nuclear charge radius was observed between 187Au and 186Au, which is interpreted as an onset of strong deformation of β2 ≈ 0.25 in 186Au and 185Au.This work has been supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie. One of us, J. Wood was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract DE-AS05-80 ER 10599.Peer reviewe