Synthesis and characterization of nickel molybdate nano-powders in the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose as a new capping agent and its application on electrochemical determination of ethanol

Nickel molybdate (NiMoO4) nanopowders were prepared by a new method in low temperature. For the first time, we used carboxymethyl cellulose as a new capping agent in synthesis procedure. The formed nickel molybdate products have been characterized by means of UV�vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Glassy carbon electrode modified with NiMoO4 nanopowders was prepared and used for oxidation of ethanol and methanol. The study of the different scan rates indicates a diffusional process for oxidation of ethanol. The detection limit obtained for ethanol was also 3.8 mM. © 2019 by CEE (Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry)

Earthquakes, Volcanoes and God: Comparative Perspectives from Christianity and Islam

This paper asserts that both Christian and Islamic traditions of faith affect the ways in which people both try to make sense of, and respond to, disasters. This contention is supported by the results of empirical research, which demonstrates that differing Islamic and Christian perspectives on human suffering caused by disasters are neither as diverse, nor are they so intractable, as is commonly supposed. Today pastoral convergence between the two traditions may also be discerned, together with a general acceptance of the policies of both State agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) which are concerned with hazard relief and the propagation of policies of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Indeed some important disaster relief NGOs have emerged from Islamic and Christian faith communities and are supported by charitable donations

Water resources management in Australia during drought

During history, humanity has been just a witness of droughts. To better perceive why society is still reacting to droughts rather than planning for their consequence, the activities of different levels of government in planning for droughts must be investigated. Until very recently, the policies of most Australian governments for dealing with drought have been to the state of waiting and in the meantime provide some form of emergency assistance to localities and hope the disaster can be over. The policies of the local governments also have been to provide emergency relief and to try to lessen water demand to match the available supply. This governmental approach, however, has not cut the economic losses or the level of inconvenience and suffering of the Australian citizens. In climatic terms, a drought can be defined as a pause of time, during which the actual moisture supply at a given place consistently is less than the climatically expected or climatically appropriate moisture supply. Water deficiencies can develop rather quickly in the root zone, most droughts are thought of as agricultural droughts. This characterization can be confusing. However, because an agricultural drought can occur in the midst of a hydrological wet period. The distribution of precipitation during a year can be such that there is a lack of moisture during a critical growing period for a variety of crops and the total precipitation for the year can be greater than the historical yearly average. This paper will provide an overview of Australian government approach to droughts, investigate obstacles to effective planning for droughts, political considerations and framework for state action