Database Driven Updatable Hydraulic Model for Decision Making

AbstractDuring Feb 2011 – Dec 2012 Tallinn Water Company (AS Tallinna Vesi) took a target to improve the previous hydraulic model creation procedures that can be updated through the available geographic information system (GIS), client information system (Navision), supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA). The Phase 1 was finished in May 2012. The current phase, Phase 2, started in summer 2012 and included pressure measurement point selections, data validation and model calibration

New experimental limits on neutron - mirror neutron oscillations in the presence of mirror magnetic field

Present probes do not exclude that the neutron ($n$) oscillation into mirror neutron ($n'$), a sterile state exactly degenerate in mass with the neutron, can be a very fast process, in fact faster than the neutron decay itself. This process is sensitive to the magnetic field. Namely, if the mirror magnetic field $\vec{B}'$ exists at the Earth, $n-n'$ oscillation probability can be suppressed or resonantly amplified by the applied magnetic field $\vec{B}$, depending on its strength and on the angle $\beta$ between $\vec{B}$ and $\vec{B}'$. We present the results of ultra-cold neutron storage measurements aiming to check the anomalies observed in previous experiments which could be a signal for $n-n'$ oscillation in the presence of mirror magnetic field $B'\sim 0.1$~G. Analyzing the experimental data on neutron loses, we obtain a new lower limit on $n-n'$ oscillation time $\tau_{nn'} > 17$ s (95 % C.L.) for any $B'$ between 0.08 and 0.17 G, and $\tau_{nn'}/\sqrt{\cos\beta} > 27$s (95 % C.L.) for any $B'$ in the interval ($0.06\div0.25$) G

Measurement of the neutron lifetime using a gravitational trap and a low-temperature Fomblin coating

We present a new value for the neutron lifetime of 878.5 +- 0.7 stat. +- 0.3 syst. This result differs from the world average value (885.7 +- 0.8 s) by 6.5 standard deviations and by 5.6 standard deviations from the previous most precise result. However, this new value for the neutron lifetime together with a beta-asymmetry in neutron decay, Ao, of -0.1189(7) is in a good agreement with the Standard Model.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures; extended content with some correction

Neutron lifetime measurements using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons

Our experiment using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons (UCN) to measure the neutron lifetime is reviewed. Ultracold neutrons were trapped in a material bottle covered with perfluoropolyether. The neutron lifetime was deduced from comparison of UCN losses in the traps with different surface-to-volume ratios. The precise value of the neutron lifetime is of fundamental importance to particle physics and cosmology. In this experiment, the UCN storage time is brought closer to the neutron lifetime than in any experiments before:the probability of UCN losses from the trap was only 1% of that for neutron beta decay. The neutron lifetime obtained,878.5+/-0.7stat+/-0.3sys s, is the most accurate experimental measurement to date.Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures,changed conten

Three-dimensional cascaded system analysis of a 50 µm pixel pitch wafer-scale CMOS active pixel sensor x-ray detector for digital breast tomosynthesis

High-resolution, low-noise x-ray detectors based on the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) technology have been developed and proposed for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). In this study, we evaluated the three-dimensional (3D) imaging performance of a 50 ��m pixel pitch CMOS APS x-ray detector named DynAMITe (Dynamic Range Adjustable for Medical Imaging Technology). The two-dimensional (2D) angle-dependent modulation transfer function (MTF), normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were experimentally characterized and modeled using the cascaded system analysis at oblique incident angles up to 30��. The cascaded system model was extended to the 3D spatial frequency space in combination with the filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction method to calculate the 3D and in-plane MTF, NNPS and DQE parameters. The results demonstrate that the beam obliquity blurs the 2D MTF and DQE in the high spatial frequency range. However, this effect can be eliminated after FBP image reconstruction. In addition, impacts of the image acquisition geometry and detector parameters were evaluated using the 3D cascaded system analysis for DBT. The result shows that a wider projection angle range (e.g. ��30��) improves the low spatial frequency (below 5 mm-1) performance of the CMOS APS detector. In addition, to maintain a high spatial resolution for DBT, a focal spot size of smaller than 0.3 mm should be used. Theoretical analysis suggests that a pixelated scintillator in combination with the 50 ��m pixel pitch CMOS APS detector could further improve the 3D image resolution. Finally, the 3D imaging performance of the CMOS APS and an indirect amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistor (TFT) passive pixel sensor (PPS) detector was simulated and compared