Detection of triplex PCR for the modified qualitative soybean and maize genetically

A molecular screening method based on multiplex PCR that involves amplification of specific soybean or maize sequences from plant DNA (lectin or zein) and the amplification of 35S promoter and NOS terminator,for the detection of genetically modified soybean and maize was developed. The new method is proposed,for the simulicmeous cletcctimt of tree genetic elements in the.same run as reliable method for rapid detection of genetically, modified plants with sensitivity of 0.1%

Discovery of membrane permeability, pharmacokinetics properties and mechanism of action for analogs of ethylenediamine-n,n′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propionic acid and 1,3-propandiamine-n,n′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propionic acid with antiproliferative activity using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

In previously in vitro studies on different cell lines and in vivo on melanoma and 4T1 murine breast cancer and metastasis it was shown antiproliferative activity for ester derivatives of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoic acid, and (S,S)-1,3-propanediamine-N,N′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoic acid. The aim of this study was to predict membrane permeability by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), molecular mechanism of action, metabolites and absorption, distribution, metabolism, toxicity—ADMET properties for observed substances using in vitro and in silico methods. Obtained results of PAMPA show the best membrane permeability of ethyl esters analogs (DE-EDCP and DE-PDCP) and refer to the hypothesis that the retention in cell membrane is important for cytotoxic activity of investigated substances. Prediction of main metabolic pathways was performed by the Metabolizer software and it was obtained that the major metabolic reactions were the hydrolyses of ester and subsequently intramolecular cyclization. Toxicity of investigated substances and their potential metabolites are lower than toxicity of observed official cytotoxic drugs. Based on the results obtained by the Molecular docking, it can be assumed that the antiproliferative effects of the investigated substances were realized through the multiple mechanisms by potential metabolites: acids, lactam carboxylate and lactam alkyl esters, while the esters are probably a prodrug substance with favorable properties to provide sufficient bioavailability at the target of action. Based on obtained results it can be proposed there to be investigated the existence of the metabolites: lactam carboxylate and lactam alkyl esters in biological materials

Discovery of membrane permeability, pharmacokinetics properties and mechanism of action for analogs of ethylenediamine-n,n′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propionic acid and 1,3-propandiamine-n,n′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propionic acid with antiproliferative activity using in vitro and in silico methods

In previously in vitro studies on different cell lines and in vivo on melanoma and 4T1 murine breast cancer and metastasis it was shown antiproliferative activity for ester derivatives of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoic acid, and (S,S)-1,3-propanediamine-N,N′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoic acid. The aim of this study was to predict membrane permeability by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), molecular mechanism of action, metabolites and absorption, distribution, metabolism, toxicity—ADMET properties for observed substances using in vitro and in silico methods. Obtained results of PAMPA show the best membrane permeability of ethyl esters analogs (DE-EDCP and DE-PDCP) and refer to the hypothesis that the retention in cell membrane is important for cytotoxic activity of investigated substances. Prediction of main metabolic pathways was performed by the Metabolizer software and it was obtained that the major metabolic reactions were the hydrolyses of ester and subsequently intramolecular cyclization. Toxicity of investigated substances and their potential metabolites are lower than toxicity of observed official cytotoxic drugs. Based on the results obtained by the Molecular docking, it can be assumed that the antiproliferative effects of the investigated substances were realized through the multiple mechanisms by potential metabolites: acids, lactam carboxylate and lactam alkyl esters, while the esters are probably a prodrug substance with favorable properties to provide sufficient bioavailability at the target of action. Based on obtained results it can be proposed there to be investigated the existence of the metabolites: lactam carboxylate and lactam alkyl esters in biological materials

Influence of UV/H2O2 processes on C- and N-disinfection by-products formation in different water matrices

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process on the natural organic matter content and disinfection by-products formation potential of different water matrices. Three water matrices (two natural waters and a synthetic humic acid solution) with different natural organic matter characteristics and concentrations were analysed. The carbonaceous disinfection by-products: trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids and haloketones, as well as nitrogenous disinfection by-products: haloacetonitriles and chloropicrin were investigated after chlorination. The UV/H2O2 treatment resulted in significant trihalomethane and haloacetic acids precursors removal (up to 53% and 30%, respectively) in humic acid solution in conditions ≥ 1.0 mg H2O2/mg DOC, in combination with a dose of UV irradiation ≥ 3000 mJ/cm2. Under the same reaction conditions, in natural groundwater rich in hydrophobic natural organic matter, the advanced process was less effective in DBP precursors removal. On the other hand, the advanced process was very effective in trihalomethaneprecursors removal (up to 76%) in groundwater with hydrophyilic natural organic matter. Haloketones were formed after treatment in very low concentrations. Nitrogenous disinfection by-products were only formed in the natural water containing hydrophilic organic matter, during the advanced process at 3.0 mg H2O2/mg DOC. The UV/H2O2 process resulted in negligible organic matter mineralization, but increased the brominated disinfection by-products formation in waters with low to medium bromide contents. It was concluded that under the same advanced oxidation process reaction conditions different natural organic matter structures showed different reactivities with chlorine toward the formation of the investigated disinfection by-products

Early stages of leaf development in has mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

The elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the leaf development can be facilitated by the detailed anatomical study of leaf development mutants. We present an analysis of leaf anatomy and morphogenesis during early developmental stages in has mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. The recessive has mutation affects a number of aspects in plant development, including the shape and size of both cotyledons and leaves. The earliest developmental observations suggest almost synchronous growth of the first two leaf primordia of has mutant. No significant disruption of the cell division pattern in the internal tissue is observed at the earliest stages of development, with the major anatomical difference compared to wild type primordia being the untimely maturation of mesophyll tissue cells in has mutant. At the stage of leaf blade formation, structure disruption becomes clearly evident, by irregular arrangement of the cell layers and the lack of polarity in juvenile has leaves. One distinguishing feature of the mutant leaf anatomy is the absence of mesophyll tissue differentiation. Altered has mutant leaf morphology could be at least partially accounted for by the ectopic STM activity that was found at the base of leaf primordia during early stages of leaf development in has plants.Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Serbia [173015

Early stages of leaf development in has mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

The elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the leaf development can be facilitated by the detailed anatomical study of leaf development mutants. We present an analysis of leaf anatomy and morphogenesis during early developmental stages in has mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. The recessive has mutation affects a number of aspects in plant development, including the shape and size of both cotyledons and leaves. The earliest developmental observations suggest almost synchronous growth of the first two leaf primordia of has mutant. No significant disruption of the cell division pattern in the internal tissue is observed at the earliest stages of development, with the major anatomical difference compared to wild type primordia being the untimely maturation of mesophyll tissue cells in has mutant. At the stage of leaf blade formation, structure disruption becomes clearly evident, by irregular arrangement of the cell layers and the lack of polarity in juvenile has leaves. One distinguishing feature of the mutant leaf anatomy is the absence of mesophyll tissue differentiation. Altered has mutant leaf morphology could be at least partially accounted for by the ectopic STM activity that was found at the base of leaf primordia during early stages of leaf development in has plants.Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Serbia [173015

The relation between chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) assemblages and environmental variables: The Kolubara River case study

Chironomid larvae respond rapidly to environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems, with different species possessing different degrees of tolerance. Consequently, this group is considered an effective and reliable indicator of the ecological status. In this study, the relation between larval chironomid assemblages and environmental variables was examined at two sites on the Kolubara River. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test did not confirm significant seasonal differences between samples. Correspondence analysis indicated that the study sites are distinguished by their community composition. Based on forward selection analyses, 5 out of the 28 analyzed water parameters and 3 out of the 22 sediment parameters displayed the highest levels of correlation with chironomid assemblages. Forward selection analysis revealed that inorganic pollutants in the sediment (mercury, nickel and cadmium) exerted the greatest influence on the community. Results of canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the sediment characteristics have a more significant impact on chironomid communities than the analyzed water parameters. Our study confirmed that chironomids and sediment analyzes should be obligatorily included in the monitoring of ecological status, since chironomids are often a dominant component of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in freshwater ecosystems, with many species inhabiting the sediment with a proclivity for intake of toxic and persistent pollutants. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 176018 i br. 173025 i European Communities 7th Framework Program Funding - Grant No. 603629-ENV-2013-6.2.1-Globaqua