1,000 research outputs found
Expanding Semiflows on Branched Surfaces and One-Parameter Semigroups of Operators
We consider expanding semiflows on branched surfaces. The family of transfer
operators associated to the semiflow is a one-parameter semigroup of operators.
The transfer operators may also be viewed as an operator-valued function of
time and so, in the appropriate norm, we may consider the vector-valued Laplace
transform of this function. We obtain a spectral result on these operators and
relate this to the spectrum of the generator of this semigroup. Issues of
strong continuity of the semigroup are avoided. The main result is the
improvement to the machinery associated with studying semiflows as
one-parameter semigroups of operators and the study of the smoothness
properties of semiflows defined on branched manifolds, without encoding as a
suspension semiflow
Zeta functions and Dynamical Systems
In this brief note we present a very simple strategy to investigate dynamical
determinants for uniformly hyperbolic systems. The construction builds on the
recent introduction of suitable functional spaces which allow to transform
simple heuristic arguments in rigorous ones. Although the results so obtained
are not exactly optimal the straightforwardness of the argument makes it
noticeable.Comment: 7 pages, no figuer
Single crystal MgB2 with anisotropic superconducting properties
The discovery of superconductor in magnesium diboride MgB2 with high Tc (39
K) has raised some challenging issues; whether this new superconductor
resembles a high temperature cuprate superconductor(HTS) or a low temperature
metallic superconductor; which superconducting mechanism, a phonon- mediated
BCS or a hole superconducting mechanism or other new exotic mechanism may
account for this superconductivity; and how about its future for applications.
In order to clarify the above questions, experiments using the single crystal
sample are urgently required. Here we have first succeeded in obtaining the
single crystal of this new MgB2 superconductivity, and performed its electrical
resistance and magnetization measurements. Their experiments show that the
electronic and magnetic properties depend on the crystallographic direction.
Our results indicate that the single crystal MgB2 superconductor shows
anisotropic superconducting properties and thus can provide scientific basis
for the research of its superconducting mechanism and its applications.Comment: 7 pages pdf fil
Rentoutumisen vaikutuksia uneen ja koettuun elÀmÀnlaatuun masentuneella henkilöllÀ.
OpinnÀytetyön tavoitteena on kerÀtÀ tietoa rentoutumisesta, unesta ja masennuksesta sekÀ selvittÀÀ rentoutumisen vaikutuksia uneen ja koettuun elÀmÀnlaatuun masentuneella henkilöllÀ. OpinnÀytetyön tarkoitus meille tekijöille on syventÀÀ tietÀmystÀ rentoutumisen vaikutuksista masentuneella henkilöllÀ, hankkia kokemusta tulevaa työelÀmÀÀ varten sekÀ verkostoitua tekijöitÀ kiinnostavalle fysioterapian osa-alueelle. OpinnÀytetyön tarkoitus toimeksiantajalle ja fysioterapia-alalle on tuottaa tietoa, jota voidaan hyödyntÀÀ masentuneen henkilön fysioterapiassa. OpinnÀytetyön toimeksiantaja on Lapin sairaanhoitopiirin psykiatrian klinikka. OpinnÀytetyössÀ vastataan kysymyksiin, millaisia vaikutuksia hengitysrentoutusharjoituksella on masentuneen henkilön uneen sekÀ millaisia vaikutuksia rentoutumisella on masentuneen henkilön koettuun elÀmÀnlaatuun.
Tutkimus toteutettiin tapaustutkimuksena viiden viikon rentoutuskurssina kevÀÀllÀ 2015. Tutkimuksessa haettiin vastauksia tutkimusongelmiin mÀÀrÀllisin menetelmin. Mittareina aineiston kokoamisessa toimivat Firstbeat-mittari sekÀ Sintosen 15D-elÀmÀnlaatukysely. Firstbeat-mittarilla mitattiin stressireaktioiden osuutta sekÀ palautumista unen aikana ja Sintosen 15D-elÀmÀnlaatukyselyllÀ koettua elÀmÀnlaatua. Firstbeat-mittaus suoritettiin hengitysrentoutusharjoitusta edeltÀvÀnÀ ja jÀlkeisenÀ yönÀ rentoutuskurssin toisella ja viimeisellÀ viikolla. ElÀmÀnlaatukysely toteutettiin rentoutuskurssin ensimmÀisellÀ ja viimeisellÀ kerralla. Tutkimus on tapaustutkimus ja tutkimuksen kohteena on yksi masentunut henkilö. Tutkimusaineisto analysoitiin Firstbeat-mittarin tulosten osalta Microsoft Word-taulukoiden avulla. Sintosen 15D-elÀmÀnlaatukyselyn tulokset on analysoitu Sintosen kehittelemÀn valmiin Excel-pohjan, arvotusalgoritmin, avulla.
Mittaustulosten perusteella rentoutumisella on positiivisia vaikutuksia stressireaktioiden osuuteen sekĂ€ palautumiseen unen aikana ja koettuun elĂ€mĂ€nlaatuun masentuneella henkilöllĂ€. Tutkimushenkilön stressireaktioiden ja palautumisen osuus sekĂ€ palautumisen laatu paranivat hengitysrentoutusharjoituksen jĂ€lkeisenĂ€ yönĂ€ verrattuna edeltĂ€vÀÀn yöhön. ElĂ€mĂ€nlaatukyselyn mukaan tutkimushenkilön nĂ€kö, kuulo, nukkuminen, puhuminen, henkinen toiminta, vaivat ja oireet, ahdistuneisuus ja sukupuolielĂ€mĂ€ paranivat tai helpottivat rentoutuskurssin aikana. Tutkimuksessa saatuja tuloksia ei voi yleistÀÀ kaikilla masentuneilla, mutta tuloksia voidaan hyödyntÀÀ suunniteltaessa masentuneiden fysioterapiaa. Tutkimuksen tulokset houkuttelevat myös suorittamaan erilaisia jatkotutkimuksia.The aim of this thesis is to gather information on relaxation, sleep and depression and to assess how relaxation may affect sleep and quality of life of a person affected by depression. The purpose of this study is to enhance the researchersâ knowledge on the effects of relaxation of a person affected by depression and achieve experience for the future, also creating relations in physiotherapy sector. The purpose of this study, commissioned by The Lapland Hospital District and the Psychiatric clinic, is to produce knowledge useful for planning physiotherapy meant to a person affected by depression. This thesis responds to the research questions: âWhat are the effects of breathing relaxation for sleep?â and âWhat are the effects for quality of life of person with depression?"
This is a case-study was developed during a five-week relaxation course in the spring of 2015. In this case-study quantitative research methods were used. The indicators are Firstbeat-meter and Sintonen 15D-quality of life-questionnaire. Stress reactions and recovery during sleep were measured by using Firstbeat-meter, and quality of life is measured by using Sintonen 15D-quality of life-Sintonenâs questionnaire. Firstbeat-measurement was administrated during sleep, before and after the breathing relaxation during the second and the last week of the relaxation course. Sintonenâs 15D-quality of life questionnaire was administrated during the first and the last session of the relaxation course. This case-study analyses one person affected by depression. The data was analyzed by using the Microsoft Word-sheet program and the Excel-sheet algorithm made by Sintonen.
Based on the results, relaxation has positive effects on stress reactions and recovery during sleep, as well as on the quality of life of a person affected by depression. In comparison to the previous night, stress reactions, part of the recovery, and the quality of the recovery of the person improved after breathing relaxation.
Sintonen 15D-life questionnaire shows that vision, hearing, sleeping, speaking, mental functions, discomfort and symptoms anxiety and sexual life improved during the relaxation course. The results of this study cannot be generalized; nevertheless, they can be useful for planning physiotherapy for people affected by depression. The results of the study may also suggest to perform further research on this specific topic
Charged State of a Spherical Plasma in Vacuum
The stationary state of a spherically symmetric plasma configuration is
investigated in the limit of immobile ions and weak collisions. Configurations
with small radii are positively charged as a significant fraction of the
electron population evaporates during the equilibration process, leaving behind
an electron distribution function with an energy cutoff. Such charged plasma
configurations are of interest for the study of Coulomb explosions and ion
acceleration from small clusters irradiated by ultraintense laser pulses and
for the investigation of ion bunches propagation in a plasma
Spin-Reorientation Transition of Field-Induced Magnetic Ordering Phases in the Anisotropic Haldane System
A possible spin-reorientation transition in field-induced magnetic ordering
phases of the S=1 Haldane system with large easy-plane anisotropy is proposed,
using an effective Lagrangian formalism as well as the density matrix
renormalization group method. Such a spin-reorientation transition is predicted
in the case where the applied magnetic field is inclined from the easy axis of
the anisotropy. We point out that this transition has a close connection with a
variation of the order parameter even at zero temperature, although it is
different from a quantum analog of the so-called spin-flop transition proposed
for the system having a strong easy axis anisotropy. In connection with a novel
phase observed recently in the Haldane system at high fields, we discuss
possible implications for the field-induced magnetic ordering.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Universality in heavy-fermion systems with general degeneracy
We discuss the relation between the T^{2}-coefficient of electrical
resistivity and the T-linear specific-heat coefficient for
heavy-fermion systems with general , where is the degeneracy of
quasi-particles. A set of experimental data reveals that the Kadowaki-Woods
relation; , collapses
remarkably for large-N systems, although this relation has been regarded to be
commonly applicable to the Fermi-liquids. Instead, based on the Fermi-liquid
theory we propose a new relation;
with and .
This new relation exhibits an excellent agreement with the data for whole the
range of degenerate heavy-fermions.Comment: 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Carbon Multicharged Ion Generation From Laser-Spark Ion Source
Multicharged carbon ions are generated by using a laser-assisted spark-discharge ion source. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulse (1064 nm, 7 ns, †4.5 Ă 109 W/cm2) focused onto the surface of a glassy carbon target results in its ablation. The spark-discharge (âŒ1.2 J energy, âŒ1 ”s duration) is initiated along the direction of the plume propagation between the target surface and a grounded mesh that is parallel to the target surface. Ions emitted from the laser-spark plasma are detected by their time-of-flight using a Faraday cup. The ion energy-to-charge ratio is analyzed by a three-mesh retarding field analyzer. In one set of experiments, the laser plasma is generated by target ablation using a 50 mJ laser pulse. In another set of experiments, âŒ1.2 J spark-discharge energy is coupled to the expanding plasma to increase the plasma density and temperature that results in the generation of carbon multicharged ions up to C6+. A delay-generator is used to control the time delay between the laser pulse and the thyratron trigger. Ion generation from a laser pulse when a high DC voltage is applied to the target is compared to that when a spark-discharge with an equivalent pulsed voltage is applied to the target. The laser-coupled spark-discharge (7 kV peak voltage, 810 A peak current) increases the maximum detected ion charge state from C4+ to C6+, accompanied by an increase in the ion yield by a factor of âŒ6 compared to applying 7.0 kV DC voltage to the target
In vitro characterization of cells derived from chordoma cell line U-CH1 following treatment with X-rays, heavy ions and chemotherapeutic drugs
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chordoma, a rare cancer, is usually treated with surgery and/or radiation. However, very limited characterizations of chordoma cells are available due to a minimal availability (only two lines validated by now) and the extremely long doubling time. In order to overcome this situation, we successfully derived a cell line with a shorter doubling time from the first validated chordoma line U-CH1 and obtained invaluable cell biological data.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>After isolating a subpopulation of U-CH1 cells with a short doubling time (U-CH1-N), cell growth, cell cycle distribution, DNA content, chromosome number, p53 status, and cell survival were examined after exposure to X-rays, heavy ions, camptothecin, mitomycin C, cisplatin and bleocin. These data were compared with those of HeLa (cervical cancer) and U87-MG (glioblastoma) cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The cell doubling times for HeLa, U87-MG and U-CH1-N were approximately 18 h, 24 h and 3 days respectively. Heavy ion irradiation resulted in more efficient cell killing than x-rays in all three cell lines. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at 10% survival for U-CH1-N was about 2.45 for 70 keV/ÎŒm carbon and 3.86 for 200 keV/ÎŒm iron ions. Of the four chemicals, bleocin showed the most marked cytotoxic effect on U-CH1-N.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data provide the first comprehensive cellular characterization using cells of chordoma origin and furnish the biological basis for successful clinical results of chordoma treatment by heavy ions.</p
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