Short bouts of anaerobic exercise increase non-esterified fatty acids release in obesity

PURPOSE: It is demonstrated that aerobic exercise plays an important role in weight loss programs for obesity by increasing 24 h metabolic rate. While aerobic exercise can result in health and fitness benefits in obese subjects, also independently of weight loss, not completely clear are the effects of bouts of hard exercise on metabolic outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that short-term aerobic activity with anaerobic bouts might result in a greater improvement in the management of obesity than aerobic activity alone. METHODS: We studied 16 obese subjects (eight men) during a progressive cycloergometric test up to exhaustion, before and after 4 weeks of two different training schedules (6 days/week). Insulin and glycaemia, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lactic acid were sampled. Group A (eight subjects, four men) performed an aerobic cycle workout; Group B (eight subjects, four men) performed a 25 min aerobic workout followed by 5 min of anaerobic workout. All the subjects maintained their individual eating habits. RESULTS: The post-training test showed a decrease in AUCs NEFA in Group A (p < 0.05) and an increase in Group B (p < 0.05), together with an increase in lactic acid in Group A and a decrease in Group B (p < 0.01). \u3b2-cell function (HOMA2-B) revealed a reduction only in Group A (p < 0.05). Group B achieved a greatest reduction in body fat mass than Group A (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic plus anaerobic training seem to produce a greater response in lipid metabolism and not significant modifications in glucose indexes; then, in training prescription for obesity, we might suggest at starting weight loss program aerobic with short bouts of anaerobic training to reduce fat mass and subsequently a prolonged aerobic training alone to ameliorate the metabolic profile

JAK/STAT-1 Signaling Is Required for Reserve Intestinal Stem Cell Activation during Intestinal Regeneration Following Acute Inflammation

Summary The intestinal epithelium serves as an essential barrier to the outside world and is maintained by functionally distinct populations of rapidly cycling intestinal stem cells (CBC ISCs) and slowly cycling, reserve ISCs (r-ISCs). Because disruptions in the epithelial barrier can result from pathological activation of the immune system, we sought to investigate the impact of inflammation on ISC behavior during the regenerative response. In a murine model of αCD3 antibody-induced small-intestinal inflammation, r-ISCs proved highly resistant to injury, while CBC ISCs underwent apoptosis. Moreover, r-ISCs were induced to proliferate and functionally contribute to intestinal regeneration. Further analysis revealed that the inflammatory cytokines interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha led to r-ISC activation in enteroid culture, which could be blocked by the JAK/STAT inhibitor, tofacitinib. These results highlight an important role for r-ISCs in response to acute intestinal inflammation and show that JAK/STAT-1 signaling is required for the r-ISC regenerative response

Use of different statistical methods to assess stability in grapevines

Two trials, conducted in two locations in Italy over 4 years with Chardonnay grapevines trained to GDC, Pergola or Casarsa systems and grafted onto 6 rootstocks (SO4, Kober 5BB, Teleki 5C, 8B, 140Ru and 1103P), provided vine yield and pruning weight data to study a practical and reliable method for assessing genotypic stability. Commonly used stability statistics, like indices based on coefficients of variation and regression, were estimated. When the deviations from regression of genotype performances on the environmental index were large, biological response of rootstocks to different environments was better fitted by double regression analysis based on Verma's coefficients. The unpredictable part of the response in regression approach was quantified by Wricke's ecovalence index. The results confirmed that the use of more than one statistical procedure is necessary in the selection of stable genotypes. Genotype 7 environment interactions were partitioned into four components (variability, ecovalence, linear response or deviation from linear response, environmental sensitivity). The use of a graphical representation of the four components was easy to use and appropriate for grouping genotypes of greater and lesser stability. Rootstocks Teleki 5C and 8B were identified as stable for grape yield, while high yielding genotypes (SO4 and 1103 P) were judged as unstable. 140Ru and Kober 5BB were detected as stable for yield of pruning wood

Distinct Processes and Transcriptional Targets Underlie CDX2 Requirements in Intestinal Stem Cells and Differentiated Villus Cells

Summary Lgr5-expressing intestinal stem cells (ISCs) renew the adult gut epithelium by producing mature villus cells (VCs); the transcriptional basis for ISC functions remains unclear. RNA sequencing analysis identified transcripts modulated during differentiation of Lgr5+ ISCs into VCs, with high expression of the intestine-restricted transcription factor (TF) gene Cdx2 in both populations. Cdx2-deleted mouse ISCs showed impaired proliferation and long-term inability to produce mature lineages, revealing essential ISC functions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis of CDX2 in Lgr5+ ISCs, coupled with mRNA profiling of control and Cdx2−/− ISCs, identified features of CDX2 regulation distinct from VCs. Most CDX2 binding in ISCs occurs in anticipation of future gene expression, but whereas CDX2 primarily activates VC genes, direct ISC targets are activated and repressed. Diverse CDX2 requirements in stem and differentiated cells may reflect the versatility of TFs that specify a tissue in development and control the same tissue in adults

"Un minuto per la vita": Tecniche rianimatorie in lattanti a rischio di morte improvvisa. Realizzazione di un video didattico per i genitori. ["A minute for life": resuscitation techniques in infants with risk for sudden infant death syndrome. Development of an instructional video for parents]

Aim. The present study describes a project carried out in the Center for SIDS/ALTE of the Pediatric Clinic of Varese, targeted to deliver and provide parents with a movies on PBLS titled "A Minute for Life". The impact on the parent was evaluated by applying a questionnaire.Methods. The movie "A Minute for Life" was given to 308 parents (122 fathers, mean age 35.2 and 186 mothers, mean age 28.4). All parents completed a questionnaire based on 4 parameters: 1. clarity of the content presented; 2. anxiety felt while watching the movie clip 3. reassurance related to their ability to review other times the movie; 4. the perception of its usefulness.Results. Regarding the clarity of content, the results provide evidence :that 231 parents (75% of the sample) rated him "very clear", while 77 subjects (25%) considered it "quite clear". On the possibility of being able to have at home, 277 parents (90% of subjects) believed it would be very reassuring to see it back Home. According to 231 parents (75% of the sample) the vision of the movie does not convey anxiety, while 77 of them (25% of subjects) felt slightly concerned in relation to vision. With regard to the overall assessment of the movie, all parents (308, 100% of the sample) agreed about its extreme usefulness.Conclusion. Our study opens the way for further prospective studies regarding the appropriateness and usefulness of the movie. It's also important to consider the release of the movie to all new parents and the possibility of giving first aid courses open to all those who want to be able to act with promptness and expertise if and when necessary.Aim. The present study describes a project carried out in the Center for SIDS/ALTE of the Pediatric Clinic of Varese, targeted to deliver and provide parents with a movies on PBLS titled "A Minute for Life". The impact on the parent was evaluated by applying a questionnaire. Methods. The movie "A Minute for Life" was given to 308 parents (122 fathers, mean age 35.2 and 186 mothers, mean age 28.4). All parents completed a questionnaire based on 4 parameters: 1. clarity of the content presented; 2. anxiety felt while watching the movie clip 3. reassurance related to their ability to review other times the movie; 4. the perception of its usefulness. Results. Regarding the clarity of content, the results provide evidence that 231 parents (75% of the sample) rated him "very clear", while 77 subjects (25%) considered it "quite clear". On the possibility of being able to have at home, 277 parents (90% of subjects) believed it would be very reassuring to see it back Home. According to 231 parents (75% of the sample) the vision of the movie does not convey anxiety, while 77 of them (25% of subjects) felt slightly concerned in relation to vision. With regard to the overall assessment of the movie, all parents (308, 100% of the sample) agreed about its extreme usefulness. Conclusion. Our study opens the way for further prospective studies regarding the appropriateness and usefulness of the movie. It's also important to consider the release of the movie to all new parents and the possibility of giving first aid courses open to all those who want to be able to act with promptness and expertise if and when necessary

Short bouts of anaerobic exercise increase non-esterified fatty acids release in obesity

Purpose: It is demonstrated that aerobic exercise plays an important role in weight loss programs for obesity by increasing 24 h metabolic rate. While aerobic exercise can result in health and fitness benefits in obese subjects, also independently of weight loss, not completely clear are the effects of bouts of hard exercise on metabolic outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that short-term aerobic activity with anaerobic bouts might result in a greater improvement in the management of obesity than aerobic activity alone. Methods: We studied 16 obese subjects (eight men) during a progressive cycloergometric test up to exhaustion, before and after 4 weeks of two different training schedules (6 days/week). Insulin and glycaemia, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lactic acid were sampled. Group A (eight subjects, four men) performed an aerobic cycle workout; Group B (eight subjects, four men) performed a 25 min aerobic workout followed by 5 min of anaerobic workout. All the subjects maintained their individual eating habits. Results: The post-training test showed a decrease in AUCs NEFA in Group A (p < 0.05) and an increase in Group B (p < 0.05), together with an increase in lactic acid in Group A and a decrease in Group B (p < 0.01). \u3b2-cell function (HOMA2-B) revealed a reduction only in Group A (p < 0.05). Group B achieved a greatest reduction in body fat mass than Group A (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Aerobic plus anaerobic training seem to produce a greater response in lipid metabolism and not significant modifications in glucose indexes; then, in training prescription for obesity, we might suggest at starting weight loss program aerobic with short bouts of anaerobic training to reduce fat mass and subsequently a prolonged aerobic training alone to ameliorate the metabolic profile

Kinetics of catecholamines and potassium, and heart rate during exercise testing in obese subjects. Heart rate regulation in obesity during exercise

Obesity is characterised by a marked insulin resistance which involves an abnormal regulation of K(+) uptake and metabolism. Less is known about the effect of physical exercise on K(+) kinetics