Voltammetric screening of electrodes in fused salt electrolytes

Measuring conductivity, freezing point, and volt-ampere characteristics of halide melts for battery feasibilit

Selecting Features Of A Web Platform To Enhance Course Delivery

This paper reviews key features of popular Web platforms used for course delivery.  Institutions of higher education have rushed to adopt these platforms for several reasons. From the point of view of the educator, the most important reason is to enhance the classroom experience (real or virtual).  “Classroom” experiences can benefit from a continuous stream of discourse made possible by the communications tools available in the web platforms designed for educational application.  In addition, web platforms can serve as a means of collecting and distributing content from various sources – including all class participants.   A review of studies from current business education literature conducted to assess the pedagogical impact of the use of some of these features is included. The authors’ also provide excerpts from their pages and classroom experiences in a traditional classroom and in distance learning with asynchronous communication, including email and bulletin boards, synchronous communication, content creation that includes course outlines and handouts, online surveys and exams and the digital dropbox. Platforms which are reviewed include Blackboard v. 5.5, WebCT v. 3.0 and WebBoard v. 4.0

Report Card On E-Mail: An Investigation Of Replies To Consumers

Organizational communications have been studied from several vantage points, and typically as a one-way communication tool.  Today, with the burgeoning growth and adoption of new technologies two-way communications have become ever more common.  While this paper focuses its research attention to specific forms of e-mail communications between organizations and those it seeks as consumers, a conceptual framework is also presented that sets a foundation for examining and evaluating the myriad of communications alternatives that are available to organizations and the publics they serve.   In this exploratory study 165 companies were e-mailed each of two messages and their responses to these e-mails were analyzed.  Firms used in the study were selected from seven different industries.  The findings reveal that many firms have serious problems responding to fairly simple and common communications.  Barely 45% of the firms studied responded to both types of inquiries, and many simply failed to respond.  Further, there was considerable variability in the timeliness, clarity and specificity of response.   While one may assume that e-mail communication, as a technology is well understood given its proliferation, there are several factors that are discussed that may impede responsiveness – in timeliness, clarity or specificity.  As a written form of communication, e-mail presents a challenge common to other forms of written communiqués; they provide a record that can be reviewed subsequent to the exchange between parties involved in communication.  As such, organizations may be reluctant to answer all e-mails for a myriad of reasons:  some may believe that e-mails place unnecessary or imposing demands on its workforce; some may fear that those responsible for handling the correspondence may be challenged to convey accurate, personalized information in an articulate manner; others simply do not want to have the burden of having to keep a record of such correspondence; yet others may simply view e-mail as a trivial or unimportant, irrespective of whether the communication was marked “urgent” or “confidential” by the sender; and others may fear that their e-mail correspondence is apt to become public, even if marked confidential – as email lacks the advantage of privacy that accompanied other more conventional written messages.  Finally, hypotheses for future research based on the Customer Response System model are presented

The location of the infraorbital foramen in human skulls to used a new anthropometric landmarks as a usefull method for maxillofacial surgery

The aim of the study was to determine the localization of the infraorbital foramen in relation to chosen anthropometric landmarks as novel reference points: nasion, rhinion and frontomalare orbitale, and to verify their symmetry.Sixty-four sides of thirty-two human skulls were investigated. The distances between the infraorbital foramina and nasion, rhinion, frontomalare orbitale, and the distances between two contralateral infraorbital foramens were measured. The symmetry was analyzed and statistical analysis was performed. The mean distance and standard deviation (mean±SD) between the right infraorbital foramen and the nasion, rhinion and right frontomalare orbitale were 45.23±3.20 mm, 39.84±1.72 mm, 36.28±1.50 mm, respectively, and between the left infraorbital foramen and the nasion, rhinion and left frontomalare orbitale were 44.38±2.76 mm, 38.88±2.01 mm, and 36.31±2.19 mm, respectively. The results presented in this study may be particularly helpful for surgery in patients with oedema of the infraorbital region when the other landmarks are difficult to localize

The trifid superior transverse scapular ligament – case report and review of the literature

During dissection of a 75-year-old Caucasian female cadaver, a trifid superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was found. The suprascapular nerve and vessels ran inferior to the STSL though the suprascapular notch. Measurements of the structures of the suprascapular region were taken using two complementary but independent methods: a classical method using an electronic digimatic caliper and a new one based on an analysis of digital photographic documentation of the STSL. The knowledge of anatomic variations of the superior transverse scapular ligament is important because this structures is the most commonly recognized possible predisposing factors of suprascapular nerve entrapment and can be helpful in diagnosis, surgical and arthroscopic treatment of this pathology

An asymmetrical fenestration of the basilar artery coexisting with two aneurysms in a patient with subarachnoid haemorrhage: case report and review of the literature

The vertebrobasilar system is a part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis), which forms the collateral circulation of the brain. A 75-year-old Caucasian female was admitted to hospital because of a strong headache radiating to the neck. On the basis of a neurological examination, the patient was classified into group III of the Hunt and Hess scale. Subarachnoid haemorrhage and 2 aneurysms of the cerebral arteries were diagnosed during multidetector 64-row computed tomography and angiography. An asymmetrical fenestration of the proximal part of the basilar artery was also observed. The bleeding aneurysm locating at anterior communicating artery was diagnosed and clipped surgically by right fronto-parietal craniotomy. The second aneurysm was located just after the junction of the vertebral arteries on the wall of the basilar artery. The presented case firstly illustrates the asymmetric fenestration of the proximal part of the basilar artery coexisting with subarachnoid haemorrhage and 2 aneurysms of brain arteries. Such observation should increase diagnostic attention in the detection of possible associated aneurysms and can help in preventing complications during all endovascular treatment procedures

The influence of atherosclerotic abdominal aorta on the shape of duplicated inferior vena cava: its potential clinical implications and vascular complications

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a congenital condition where there are 2 large vessels: right IVC (RIVC) and left IVC (LIVC) on both sides of the abdominal aorta. Here, we present 2 cases of duplicated inferior cava coexisting with rare morphology of left gonadal (ovarian/testicular) vein. Both were observed during multidetector 64-row computer tomography. In first case atherosclerotic, tortuous abdominal aorta models both inferior venae cavae. The shape of veins were more- (RIVC) and less-arcuate (LIVC). Two years ago, the patient had been diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism. In second case abdominal aortic aneurysm models both large veins. The RIVC has a highly right-arcuate shape, while the LIVC has a less left-arcade shape. Our observation would seem to be especially important, because the tortuous abdominal aorta changes the shape of both IVC, and may predispose them for thrombosis formation. The presented report precisely describes the topography and measurements of the vessels in the retroperitoneal area. The literature concerning this anomaly, potential clinical implications and vascular complications are reviewed and the possible practical aspects are discussed. A familiarity with the anatomy of the most common types of venous anomalies is crucial for all surgeons, urologists and oncologists to reduce the risk of severe haemorrhage during all abdominal procedures

Circumaortic left renal vein (circumaortic renal collar) associated with the presence of vascular anomalies: a case series and review of literature

Renal vessels exhibit a high degree of anatomical variations in terms of their number, level of origin, diameter and topographical relationships. In particular, it applies to the left renal vein which can take retroaortic or even circumaortic placement. Anatomical variations of the left renal vein may be of great clinical significance, particularly in the case of renal transplantation, retroperitoneal surgery as well as vascular or diagnostic procedures. Thus, the aim of this report was to present a complete anatomical description of two cases of the circumaortic left renal vein (CLRV; circumaortic renal collar) co-existing with the presence of various vascular anomalies. In the first case, the circumaortic renal collar was connected via a large anastomosis with the hemiazygos vein and was associated with the presence of the supernumerary left renal artery located below the main left renal artery. In the second case, the circumaortic renal collar was accompanied by the renal artery dividing close to its origin. Moreover, in the latter case, the fusiform aneurysm of the abdominal aorta was observed. In both cases, the CLRV began as a single and short trunk. On its further course, the initial segment of the CLRV was divided into two limbs — anterior (anterior left renal vein) and posterior (posterior left renal vein). Both anterior and posterior limb of the CLRV opened into the inferior vena cava.