114 research outputs found
Interleukin 1-β, Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist, and Interleukin 18 in Children with Acute Spontaneous Urticaria
Very little is known about the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in urticaria. Material and Methods. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and IL-18 were measured in 56 children with urticaria and in 41 healthy subjects. Results. Serum IL-1β did not differ between children with acute urticaria and controls. Children with single episode of urticaria had higher levels of IL-1RA and IL-18 than healthy subjects. In children with single episode of urticaria, level of IL-1RA correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and IL-1β levels. In subjects with recurrence of urticaria IL-1RA was positively correlated with WBC and D-dimer levels. No correlation of cytokine levels and urticaria severity scores (UAS) in all children with urticaria was observed. In children with single episode of urticaria UAS correlated with CRP level. In the group with single episode of urticaria and in children with symptoms of upper respiratory infection, IL-1RA and IL-18 levels were higher than in controls. The former was higher than in noninfected children with urticaria. In conclusion, this preliminary study documents that serum IL-1RA and IL-18 levels are increased in some children with acute urticaria. However further studies are necessary to define a pathogenic role of IL-1β, IL-1RA, and IL-18 in urticaria
Long-term renal outcome in children with OCRL mutations: retrospective analysis of a large international cohort
BACKGROUND: Lowe syndrome (LS) and Dent-2 disease (DD2) are disorders associated with mutations in the OCRL gene and characterized by progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we aimed to investigate the long-term renal outcome and identify potential determinants of CKD and its progression in children with these tubulopathies. METHODS: Retrospective analyses were conducted of clinical and genetic data in a cohort of 106 boys (LS: 88 and DD2: 18). For genotype-phenotype analysis, we grouped mutations according to their type and localization. To investigate progression of CKD we used survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method using stage 3 CKD as the end-point. RESULTS: Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in the LS group compared with DD2 (58.8 versus 87.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2), P < 0.01). CKD stage II-V was found in 82% of patients, of these 58% and 28% had moderate-to-severe CKD in LS and DD2, respectively. Three patients (3%), all with LS, developed stage 5 of CKD. Survival analysis showed that LS was also associated with a faster CKD progression than DD2 (P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, eGFR was dependent only on age (b = -0.46, P < 0.001). Localization, but not type of mutations, tended to correlate with eGFR. There was also no significant association between presence of nephrocalcinosis, hypercalciuria, proteinuria and number of adverse clinical events and CKD. CONCLUSIONS: CKD is commonly found in children with OCRL mutations. CKD progression was strongly related to the underlying diagnosis but did not associate with clinical parameters, such as nephrocalcinosis or proteinuria
Total hemoglobin mass, aerobic capacity, and hbb gene in polish road cyclists
The relationship between genes, amount of hemoglobin, and physical performance are still not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to examine the association between-551C/T and intron 2, +16 C/G polymorphisms in the beta hemoglobin (HBB) gene and total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) and aerobic capacity in endurance athletes. Total hemoglobin mass and aerobic capacity indices, i. e.,VO2max, oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2AT), maximal power output (Pmax), and power at anaerobic threshold (PAT) were determined in 89 young road cyclists, female (n = 39) and male (n = 50), who were genotyped for 2 polymorphisms in the HBB gene. The relative values of aerobic capacity indices differed significantly among intron 2, +16 C/G polymorphisms of the HBB gene only in female cyclists; athletes with GG genotype had significantly higher values of V O2max (p = 0.003), VO2AT (p = 0.007), PAT (p = 0.015), and Pmax (p = 0.004) than C carriers. No relationships were found between the C-carrier model (CC + CG vs. GG in the case of intron 2, +16 C/G and CC + CT vs. TT for -551 C/T polymorphisms of the HBB gene) and relative values of tHbmass. Our results demonstrated that the HBB gene could be related to aerobic capacity, but it seems that it does not result from an increase in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
Hypertension treatment preferences in long-term dialysed children in Poland - a survey of pediatric nephrologists
Wstęp Przewlekła choroba nerek prowadzi do rozwoju
nadciśnienia tętniczego u większości chorych.
Leczenie nadciśnienia towarzyszącego niewydolności
nerek jest utrudnione przez ograniczenia w stosowaniu
wielu preparatów i brak wystarczających doświadczeń
klinicznych, a ponadto istniejące obecnie
rekomendacje nie obejmują w ogóle chorych ze
schyłkową niewydolnością nerek. Wybór terapii hipotensyjnej
ogranicza też młody wiek chorych, gdyż
wielu leków nie można stosować u dzieci. Celem
badania była analiza jakości leczenia przeciwnadciśnieniowego
u dzieci ze schyłkową niewydolnością
nerek poddawanych przewlekłej dializoterapii.
Materiał i metody Analizą objęto wszystkie dzieci dializowane
w Polsce w dniu 30 listopada 2004 roku (n = 134).
Uzyskano informacje dotyczące grup stosowanych leków
oraz dawek preparatów, a także opinie lekarzy na
temat doboru leków stosowanych przy nagłym wzroście
ciśnienia tętniczego oraz tych, których dzieciom
dializowanym nie powinno się podawać.
Wyniki Nadciśnienie tętnicze stwierdzono u 74 (55%)
dzieci (47 chłopców, 27 dziewczynek). Najczęstszą
przyczyną niewydolności nerek w grupie dzieci z nadciśnieniem
było kłębuszkowe zapalenie nerek (27/74).
W badanej grupie 65% dzieci leczono za pomocą kilku
leków hipotensyjnych, 32% za pomocą jednego
leku, a 3% jedynie metodami niefarmakologicznymi.
Mimo aktywnego leczenia, zaledwie u 58% dializowanych
dzieci prowadziło ono do obniżenia wartości
ciśnienia tętniczego poniżej 95 percentyla dla wzrostu
i wieku. Najmniejszą skuteczność kontroli ciśnienia
tętniczego obserwowano w przypadku leczenia skojarzonego,
zwłaszcza wielolekowego.
Najczęściej stosowanymi lekami byli antagoniści
wapnia, które podawano u ogółem 73% dzieci, w tym
u 43/48 w politerapii, a 11/24 w monoterapii. Inhibitory konwertazy angiotensyny były najczęściej stosowane
w monoterapii (50%). Mimo znanych kontrowersji,
przy nagłym wzroście ciśnienia tętniczego stosowano
najczęściej nifedipinę.
Wnioski Badanie wykazało, że w Polsce odsetek dializowanych
dzieci wymagających leczenia nadciśnieniowego
sięga 55%, w tym większość z nich wymaga
podawania kilku leków. Pomimo że zasady leczenia
są podobne we wszystkich ośrodkach, skuteczność
leczenia pozostaje niezadowalająca (58%).Background Chronic kidney disease is associated with the
development of arterial hypertension in a vast majority of
patients. The treatment of hypertension in these subjects is
difficult and challenging due to a limited clinical experience
with most drugs and no widely recognised recommendations
for patients with end-stage renal disease. A choice of
antihypertensive drugs is further narrowed by the young age
of the patients since almost all drugs are not recommended
in children with renal failure. The aim of this nationwide
retrospective analysis was to assess the hypertension treatment
patterns in the population of children with chronic
kidney diseases (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal
dialysis in Poland.
Material and methods Among all 134 children dialysed on
30th November 2004 in 13 pediatric dialysis centres in Poland
seventy four (55%; 47M, 27F) children were hypertensive.
For each patients the treating physicians filled a questionnaire
that allowed to collect the following data: the primary
kidney disease, chronic dialysis treatment, diagnostic
criteria of hypertension and present antihypertensive medication
if any. Additionally we asked of the doctors’ preference
for a therapy for the acute rise in blood pressure and
suggestions which drugs, in their opinion, should not be
used in dialysed children. Results In the hypertensive dialysed patients the most frequent
causes of chronic kidney disease were chronic
glomerulopathies (27/74). Thirty two percent of children
were on monotherapy whereas 65% required combined treatment.
The therapy was adequate only in 58% of subjects.
The lowest rate of efficacy was detected in patients requiring
a combined antihypertensive therapy.
Among antihypertensive drug classes calcium channel blockers
were administered most frequently (in 73% of children, in 11/24 cases in monotherapy and in 43/48 patients in combination).
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were most
frequently administered in monotheraphy (50%). Nifedipine
was preferred in acute blood pressure rise in children.
Conclusion We conclude that incidence of hypertension
in dialysed children in Poland is relatively high. The pattern
of the treatment was quite uniform, although the efficacy
was relatively low (58%)
Rare variants in BNC2 are implicated in autosomal-dominant congenital lower urinary-tract obstruction
Congenital lower urinary-tract obstruction (LUTO) is caused by anatomical blockage of the bladder outflow tract or by functional impairment of urinary voiding. About three out of 10,000 pregnancies are affected. Although several monogenic causes of functional obstruction have been defined, it is unknown whether congenital LUTO caused by anatomical blockage has a monogenic cause. Exome sequencing in a family with four affected individuals with anatomical blockage of the urethra identified a rare nonsense variant (c.2557C>T [p.Arg853(∗)]) in BNC2, encoding basonuclin 2, tracking with LUTO over three generations. Re-sequencing BNC2 in 697 individuals with LUTO revealed three further independent missense variants in three unrelated families. In human and mouse embryogenesis, basonuclin 2 was detected in lower urinary-tract rudiments. In zebrafish embryos, bnc2 was expressed in the pronephric duct and cloaca, analogs of the mammalian lower urinary tract. Experimental knockdown of Bnc2 in zebrafish caused pronephric-outlet obstruction and cloacal dilatation, phenocopying human congenital LUTO. Collectively, these results support the conclusion that variants in BNC2 are strongly implicated in LUTO etiology as a result of anatomical blockage
Development areas of cities and new challanges for public transport
Artykuł obejmuje problematykę rozwoju miast i nowych wyzwań dla transportu publicznego. Zaprezentowano zagadnienia związane z wysoką emisją spalin, zanieczyszczeniem środowiska oraz rozwiązań dla tych problemów.Article includes problematic of development areas of cities and challenges for public transport. It presents issues related with high emission of exhaust, environment pollution and solutions for these problems
Test for quality bread obtained from baking automa by household different recipes
W artykule przedstawiono badania dotyczące jakości pieczywa sporządzonego według różnych receptur, wypieczonego w domowym automacie do wypieku chleba. Materiał badawczy stanowiły bochenki chleba trzech grup receptur: firmowe z instrukcji do automatów, mieszanka handlowa, receptury własne. Poszczególne chleby wypiekano w automacie do wypieków pieczywa. Badane próbki pieczywa poddano badaniu sensorycznemu, fizykochemicznemu oraz ocenie punktowej. Oceniono skład surowcowy pieczywa do zastosowania w automacie.The article presents a study on the quality of breads made with different recipes, baked in a home bread machine. The experimental material comprised three groups of loaves of bread recipes: company of instructions to the machine, a mixture of commerce, own recipe. The various breads baked in the machine for baking bread. Test samples were subjected to sensory examination bread, physicalchemistry and score evaluation. Composition was evaluated for use in the bread machine
Szybkość sedymentacji powierzchniowych osadów bałtyckich zmierzona przy użyciu 210 Pb i 137 Cs
Geochronology of sediments has important contribution to limnology and geochemistry including studies of accelerated eutrophication or regional erosion rates. It is also widely used to determine recent history of anthropogenic pollution and material balance [2]. Several different methods may be used to determine the ages of sediment layers. Historically, chronology has been based on qualitative methods such as stratigraphy, tectonics and morphology. However, the best results are obtained by means of radiometric dating, based on radioactive element activity e.g. radiocarbon, thorium, radiolead [11, 13].Metoda ołowiowa jest powszechnie używana do oznaczania wieku osadów. Dodatkowo pozwala ona lepiej zrozumieć procesy geochemiczne zachodzące w osadach. W celu poprawy jakości wyników metodę ołowiową weryfikuję się używając 137 Cs. Poniższy artykuł dotyczy porównania szybkości sedymentacji osadów uzyskanych przy pomocy metody ołowiowej (model CRS- Constant Rate of Supply) z wynikami uzyskanymi za pomocą 137 Cs. Obliczenia wykonane zostały dla dwóch osadów pobranych z Głębi Gotlandzkiej. Wyznaczone metodą ołowiową wartości współczynników sedymentacji (0,7 mm/rok dla I stacji i 0,5 mm/rok dla II stacji) były niższe od współczynników sedymentacji obliczonych za pomocą 137 Cs (1,5 mm/rok dla I stacji i 1,7 mm/rok dla II stacji). Rozbieżność była spowodowana mieszaniem powierzchniowym osadów
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