Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Asuhan Keperawatan Anak pada An. A dengan Dbd terhadap Penerapan Sari Kurma di Ruang Anyelir Rumah Sakit Embung Fatimah Kota Batam Tahun 2021

BACKGROUND: Dengue hemorrhagic fever was first recognized in Southeast Asia, more precisely in the Philippines in 1953, because of cases of fever that attacked children accompanied by bleeding and shock manifestations. The number of cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia experienced a drastic spike in early 2020. The Ministry of Health noted that the number of cases of DHF in Indonesia had crossed the 16,000 mark, in the period from January to early March 2020. Of that number, 100 people died. The best way to avoid dengue is to adopt a healthy lifestyle (Suiraoka, 2012). One of them is in non-pharmacological treatment, namely by giving date palm juice, the method used is safer, easier and simpler (Reni, 2018).OBJECTIVE:  To apply nursing care to dengue hemorrhagic fever patients which includes assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation and evaluation. METHOD: The research design method used is descriptive using case studies. The respondents used were 1 pediatric patient with a medical diagnosis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. RESULT: The application of nursing care in accordance with the nursing process will achieve good results in accordance with the predetermined outcome criteria. Giving nursing actions to drink date palm juice can increase the platelet value of An.A. And An. A is able to do therapy by drinking date juice independently. &nbsp

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide purification by polymerization of failure sequences

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide is purified by capping failure sequences with an acrylated phosphoramiditefollowed by polymerization and product extraction. The method is suitable for large scale oligonucleotide drugpurification

Selectivity Data: Assessment, Predictions, Concordance, and Implications

Could high-quality in silico predictions in drug discovery eventually replace part or most of experimental testing? To evaluate the agreement of selectivity data from different experimental or predictive sources, we introduce the new metric concordance minimum significant ratio (cMSR). Empowered by cMSR, we find the overall level of agreement between predicted and experimental data to be comparable to that found between experimental results from different sources. However, for molecules that are either highly selective or potent, the concordance between different experimental sources is significantly higher than the concordance between experimental and predicted values. We also show that computational models built from one data set are less predictive for other data sources and highlight the importance of bias correction for assessing selectivity data. Finally, we show that small-molecule target space relationships derived from different data sources and predictive models share overall similarity but can significantly differ in details

Small Molecule Antivirulents Targeting the Iron-Regulated Heme Oxygenase (HemO) of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>

Bacteria require iron for survival and virulence and employ several mechanisms including utilization of the host heme containing proteins. The final step in releasing iron is the oxidative cleavage of heme by HemO. A recent computer aided drug design (CADD) study identified several inhibitors of the bacterial HemOs. Herein we report the near complete HN, N, CO, Cα, and Cβ chemical shift assignment of the <i>P. aeruginosa</i> HemO in the absence and presence of inhibitors (<i>E</i>)-3-(4-(phenylamino)­phenylcarbamoyl)­acrylic acid (<b>3</b>) and (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>′-(4-(dimethylamino)­benzylidene) diazenecarboximidhydrazide (<b>5</b>). The NMR data confirm that the inhibitors bind within the heme pocket of HemO consistent with in silico molecular dynamic simulations. Both inhibitors and the phenoxy derivative of <b>3</b> have activity against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> clinical isolates. Furthermore, <b>5</b> showed antimicrobial activity in the in vivo C. elegans curing assay. Thus, targeting virulence mechanisms required within the host is a viable antimicrobial strategy for the development of novel antivirulants