Influence d’une co-construction de rationnement amélioré sur les performances d’embouche ovine paysanne dans la commune rurale de Korsimoro au Burkina Faso

L’étude vise l’amélioration des performances d’embouche ovine dans la commune rurale de Korsimoro. Quatre vingt douze (92) béliers de 22 femmes et de 24 hommes de cette commune ont été étudiés. L’équipe de recherche a défini quatre (4) formules de ration sur la base d’un seul profil nutritionnel apportant 98 g MAD (matières azotées digestibles) et 0,80 UF/kg MS. Les producteurs ont analysé ces formules et ont porté leur choix sur celle composée de 15% de tourteau de coton, 6% de son de blé, 31% de graines de coton et 48% de gousses de Piliostigma reticulatum. Cette ration a été distribuée à deux lots d’animaux en comparaison avec les pratiques locales : lot1=aliment composé introduit+fourrages locaux et lot2=aliment composé introduit+fourrages locaux+bloc multinutritionnel. Les GMQ des animaux du lot 2 ont été significativement (P< 0,05) plus élevés que ceux des animaux du lot 1. La croissance des animaux soumis sous rationnement amélioré (75 g/j) a été très significativement (P< 0,01) plus élevée que celle enregistrée des pratiques paysannes (environ 46 g/j). Une marge bénéficiaire moyenne de 9 173 F CFA a été dégagée par ovin embouché. Les résultats de l’étude suggèrent la nécessité d’améliorer le dispositif organisationnel des emboucheurs.Mots clés : Embouche ovine, gain moyen quotidien, Burkina Faso, bloc multinutritionnel, plateforme d’innovation

Burkina Faso : using participatory testing to build capacity for climate change adaptation in Burkina Faso

French version available in IDRC Digital Library: Burkina Faso : l'expérimentation participative pour le renforcement des capacités d'adaptation aux changements climatiques au Burkina FasoA participatory testing process was used in the project “Rural Urban Cooperation on Water Management in the Context of Climate Change in Burkina Faso.” It aimed to facilitate farmers’ access to technological innovations that would enhance resilience in their agricultural production system. This bulletin reviews the process of farmer inputs into decision making. A learning-through-testing process takes place in collective field schools, whose installation, management, and monitoring and evaluation are supported by members of the monitoring and evaluation committee (MEC)

Burkina Faso : l'expérimentation participative pour le renforcement des capacités d'adaptation aux changements climatiques au Burkina Faso

Version anglaise disponible dans la Bibliothèque numérique du CRDI : Burkina Faso : using participatory testing to build capacity for climate change adaptation in Burkina Fas

Effect of delignification on the physical, thermal, chemical, and structural properties of sugar palm fibre

Eco-friendly composites can be prepared by substituting man-made synthetic fibres with various types of cellulosic fibres. Sugar palm-derived nanocrystalline cellulose is a potential substitute. The most important factor in determining a good nanofiller reinforcement agent that can be used in composites is the character of the nanofiller itself, which is affected during a preliminary treatment. Thus, to gain better nanofiller properties, the delignification (NaClO2 and CH3COOH) and mercerization (NaOH) treatments must be optimized. The main objective of this study was to identify the effects of the delignification and mercerization treatments on sugar palm fibre (SPF). In addition, the characteristics of the SPF for the preparation of the hydrolysis treatment to produce nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) for reinforcement in polymer composites were examined. Sugar palm cellulose (SPC) was extracted from the SPF, and its structural composition, thermal stability, functional groups, and degree of crystallinity were determined via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The density, moisture content, chemical composition, and structure of the SPC were also analysed

The effect of pulling speed on mechanical properties of pultruded kenaf fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites

During the pultrusion process, there are some parameters that influence the mechanical performance of pultruded composites. The pultruded kenaf composites processing parameter such as pulling speed influenced the pressure and curing behavior of the pultruded composites. The optimal pulling speed leads to the sufficient pressure and temperature and facilitated curing the pultruded composites. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and compressive strength of kenaf pultruded composites were analyzed in this study and the optimal pulling speed of pultruded composites was determined. The tensile strength and tensile modulus showed the optimal pulling speeds at 0.3 and 0.1 m/ min, respectively, while, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength were at 0.4, 0.2, and 0.3 m/min, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images were utilized to study the effect of pulling speed on the morphology of the tensile fracture sample. Fiber wetting, fiber matrix adhesion, the gaps within the samples, and fiber breakages were among the phenomena occurring in the composites

FUS Recognizes G Quadruplex Structures Within Neuronal mRNAs

Fused in sarcoma (FUS), identified as the heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein P2, is expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissue, and among other functions, has been implicated in messenger RNA (mRNA) transport and possibly local translation regulation. Although FUS is mainly localized to the nucleus, in the neurons FUS has also been shown to localize to the post-synaptic density, as well as to the pre-synapse. Additionally, the FUS deletion in cultured hippocampal cells results in abnormal spine and dendrite morphology. Thus, FUS may play a role in synaptic function regulation, mRNA localization, and local translation. Many dendritic mRNAs have been shown to form G quadruplex structures in their 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). Since FUS contains three arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) boxes, an RNA binding domain shown to bind with high affinity and specificity to RNA G quadruplex structures, in this study we hypothesized that FUS recognizes these structural elements in its neuronal mRNA targets. Two neuronal mRNAs found in the pre- and post-synapse are the post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and Shank1 mRNAs, which encode for proteins involved in synaptic plasticity, maintenance, and function. These mRNAs have been shown to form 3′-UTR G quadruplex structures and were also enriched in FUS hydrogels. In this study, we used native gel electrophoresis and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy to demonstrate specific nanomolar binding of the FUS C-terminal RGG box and of full-length FUS to the RNA G quadruplex structures formed in the 3′-UTR of PSD-95 and Shank1a mRNAs. These results point toward a novel mechanism by which FUS targets neuronal mRNA and given that these PSD-95 and Shank1 3′-UTR G quadruplex structures are also targeted by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), they raise the possibility that FUS and FMRP might work together to regulate the translation of these neuronal mRNA targets