New CO2 and Hydrogen storage site marketing: How to make your storage site unique and attractive?

Today we met the situation, when our knowledge and expertise are far away from marketing – an ability to sell our knowledge to the end-user (public, policymakers, governments, and small and big enterprises). This study aimed to attract stakeholders by proposing new techno-ecological synergy concept of geological storage of CO2 (CGS) and hydrogen (UHS) in a cost-competitive, self-supporting storage site. The “story of success” of the offshore geological structure E6 in Latvia has started from an invisible point on the European map, oil-bearing but not very promising geological structure to the unique and one of the best cost-competitive, self-supporting, conceptual techno-ecological examples of a possible synergy of storage concepts with renewables energies. Using detailed petrophysical, mineralogical and geochemical analyses of the Cambrian Series 3 Deimena Formation reservoir sandstones in this structure, the CO2 storage capacity was estimated with different levels of reliability from a conservative 158 Mt (106-252 Mt) up to an average optimistic average of 396 Mt (264-631 Mt). The theoretical CO2 storage capacity in the oil-bearing limestones of the Upper Ordovician Saldus Formation was estimated at the end of the Enhanced Oil Recovery cycle using the CO2 (CO2-EOR) as an average of 110 Mt (65-144 Mt). The E6 structure was estimated as the most prospective and the largest for CO2 geological storage in the Baltic Region with a total average CO2 storage capacity of about 500 Mt. Time-lapse numerical seismic modelling was applied to analyze the feasibility of CO2 storage monitoring in the E6. The novelty of this approach was the coupling of the chemically induced petrophysical alteration effect of CO2-hosting rocks, measured in the laboratory during the CO2 injection-like experiment, with time-lapse numerical seismic modelling. According to changes in the amplitude and two-way travel times in the presence of CO2, reflection seismic could detect CO2 injected into the deep aquifer formations even with low CO2 saturation values. Our results showed the effectiveness of the implemented time-lapse rock physics and seismic methods in the monitoring of the CO2 plume evolution and migration in the E6. The new concept of techno-ecological synergy of the CCUS project with different eco-friendly renewable energy recovery technologies, which support circular economy targets, is presented. The concept of the CCUS project includes six innovative elements of techno-ecological synergy: (1) CGS, (2) Geothermal energy recovery during CO2 geological storage (CPG), (3) CO2-EOR, (4) underground hydrogen storage (UHS), (5) solar energy and (6) wind energy recovery. This concept should maximise efficiency, minimize the carbon footprint of the full-chain CCUS process and demonstrate the “winx” situation (where “x” is a number of additional benefits of the project). We demonstrated an example of the project supporting also a win5 global situation (that is, a win-win scenario with a minimum of five potential global outcomes): greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) reduction, (2) economic profitability, (3) increased CO2 storage capacity, (4) public acceptance and (5) retargeting of oil and gas businesses. Small wind offshore floating plant installed around the rig and solar panels covering free surfaces of the rig and a compact geothermal plant using CO2 (20 times smaller than a conventional plant) will produce renewable energy added to the project electricity net to cover the energy needs of the project. The excess energy will be used by compact hydrogen production plant established directly on the rig. The produced hydrogen could be stored underground and when needed, transported by ship to the port. For the first time, we estimated hydrogen storage capacity in the E6-B, the smaller compartment of the E6 offshore structure as 30 Kt. This scenario is a basis for the new concept of CO2 and hydrogen storage site marketing: how to retarget fossil fuel business (the depleted oil and gas fields) into the storage-targeted and renewable energy business, permitted to achieve the carbon-free energy transition using principles of circular economy and sustainable use of resources and environment

Application of iron-containing raw materials in the production of bakery products

The article is devoted to the development of the technology and the formulation of “Mramornaya” bun for baby food using iron-containing raw materials in order to enrich white wheat flour with the most deficient minerals

Эффекты термической гелий-кислородной смеси на транспорт кислорода, центральную и легочную гемодинамику у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких с гиперкапнической острой дыхательной недостаточностью

The aim of this study is to assessment of the rapid effects of t-He/O2 in comparison with the effective level of high-flow oxygen therapy (HPO) on the main indicators of oxygen transport, central and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with hypercapnic acute respiratory failure.Methods. A total of 33 (29 male, 4 female) patients were included in a randomized, comparative study with exacerbation of COPD and acute respiratory failure, admitted to the department of anesthesiology and intensive care of D.D.Pletnev City Teaching Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, between March and May 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: the 1st group – 18 patients (15 male, 3 female) receiving t-He/O2 (He – 70%, O2 – 30% at a temperature of 70 °C; the 2nd group – 15 patients (14 male, 1 female) receiving high-flow oxygen therapy with FiO2 – 30% through a Venturi mask for the treatment of ODN against the background of basic therapy of the underlying disease, according to the recommendations of GOLD 2016. Assessment of oxygen transport, central and pulmonary hemodynamics was carried out through the definition of indicators: saturation of hemoglobin of arterial blood with oxygen (SaO2), saturation of venous blood hemoglobin with oxygen (SvO2), partial pressure of arterial blood oxygen (РaO2), partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide (РaCO2), partial pressure of mixed venous blood oxygen (РvO2), partial pressure of mixed venous blood carbon dioxide (РvCO2),mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), cardiac output (SV), heart index (CI), pulmonary vascular resistance (RVRI), impact volume index (SVI), pulmonary vascular resistance index (RVRI), left ventricular shock index (LVSW), right ventricular shock index (RVSW), system speed of oxygen delivery (DO2), the coeffiCIent of extraction of oxygen (ExO2), shunt fractions (venous mixing) (Qs / Qt)).Results. Short-term inhalation with a thermal helium-oxygen mixture in patients with COPD with hypercapnic acute respiratory failure is accompanied by an increase in SaO2 94,1 (92,8; 97,5) initially 86,1 (85,9; 88,1), РаО2 (78,1 (74,8; 80,1) initially 55,2 (52,5; 65,3)), decline РаСО2 (57,4 (54,2; 66.4) initially 65,4 (58,1; 67,2)). Thermal helium-oxygen mixture leads to stabilization of hemodynamics, improving the work of the right and left heart: decline MPAP 28,2 (24,3; 32,8) initially 43,3 (40,1; 49,5), RVRI (285,3 (258,4; 362,7) initially 592,1 (498,2; 623,5)), RVSW (16,2 (14,1; 21,4) initially 25,8 (21,8; 32)), HR 91,1 (86,4; 98,7) initially 115 ((105; 118) to increase LVSW (58,2 (49,8; 62,4) initially 35,5 (28,9; 42,1)), SVI 36,2 (31,8; 42,1) initially 31,5 (28,4; 36,2). Elimination of arterial hypoxemia and a positive effect on hemodynamics ensures adequate oxygen transport to tissues, which is expressed in the normalization of DO2 values DO2 (980,4 (858,45; 1208) initially 280,3 (270,34; 387,4)) и ExO2 (27,8 (25,6; 34,5) initially 32,1 (30,7; 39,8) and decline Qs/Qt. (28,7 (18,6; 35,4) initially 42,8 (39,2; 49,1).Conclusion. Short-term therapy of patients with COPD with hypercapnic acute respiratory failure using the t-He/O2 method, in comparison with high-flow oxygen therapy, improves blood oxygenation and hemodynamics. Elimination of arterial hypoxemia and a positive effect on hemodynamics made it possible to ensure adequate oxygen transport to tissues, which was expressed in the normalization of transport values, oxygen delivery, and a decrease in the shunt fraction.Целью исследования явилась оценка быстрых эффектов термической гелий-кислородной смеси (t-He/O2) в сравнении с эффективным уровнем высокопоточной оксигенотерапии (ВПО) на основные показатели транспорта кислорода, центральной и легочной гемодинами ки у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) с гиперкапнической острой дыхательной недостаточнос тью (ОДН).Материалы и методы. В рандомизированное сравнительное исследование включены пациенты (n = 33: 29 мужчин, 4 женщины) с обострением ХОБЛ и ОДН, поступившие в отделение анестезиологии и реанимации Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения города Москвы «Городская клиническая больница имени Д.Д.Плетнева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы» в период с марта по май 2017 г. Пациенты были распределены на 2 группы. Больные 1-й группы (n = 18: 15 мужчин, 3 женщины) получали t-Не/О2 (Не – 70 %, О2– 30 % при температуре 70 °С; 2-й (n = 15: 14 мужчин, 1 женщина) – ВПО (фракционная концентрация кислорода во вдыхаемой газовой смеси (FiO2) – 30 %) через маску Вентури для терапии ОДН на фоне базисной терапии основного заболевания, согласно рекомендациям Глобальной инициативы по диагностике, лечению и профилактике ХОБЛ (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – GOLD, 2016). Оценка транспорта кислорода, центральной и легочной гемодинамики проводилась через определение показателей насыщения гемоглобина артериальной крови кислородом (SaO2), насыщения гемоглобина венозной крови кислородом (SvO2), парциального напряжения кислорода артериальной крови (РaO2), парциального напряжения углекислоты артериальной крови (РaCO2), парциального напряжения кислорода смешанной венозной крови (РvO2), парциального напряжения углекислоты смешанной венозной крови (РvCO2), среднего давления в легочной артерии (MPAP), сердечного выброса (SV), сердечного индекса (CI), индекса ударного объема (SVI), индекса легочного сосудистого сопротивления (RVRI), индекса ударной работы левого (LVSW) и правого (RVSW) желудочков, системной скорости доставки кислорода (DO2), коэффициента экстракции кислорода (ExO2), фракции шунта (венозного перемешивания) (Qs / Qt)).Результаты. Кратковременная терапия методом t-Не / О2 пациентов c ХОБЛ с гиперкапнической острой дыхательной недостаточностью по сравнению с ВПО достоверно сопровождалась повышением SaO2 (94,1 (92,8; 97,5), исходно – 86,1 (85,9; 88,1)); РаО2 (78,1 (74,8; 80,1), исходно – 55,2 (52,5; 65,3)); РаО2 (78,1 (74,8; 80,1), исходно – 55,2 (52,5; 65,3)); снижением РаСО2 (57,4 (54,2; 66,4), исходно – 65,4 (58,1; 67,2)); улучшением работы правых и левых отделов сердца – снижением МPAP (28,2 (24,3; 32,8), исходно – 43,3 (40,1; 49,5)); RVRI (285,3 (258,4; 362,7), исходно – 592,1 (498,2; 623,5)); RVSW (16,2 (14,1; 21,4), исходно – 25,8 (21,8; 32)); HR (91,1 (86,4; 98,7), исходно – 115 ((105; 118)); повышением LVSW (58,2 (49,8; 62,4), исходно – 35,5 (28,9; 42,1)); SVI (36,2 (31,8; 42,1), исходно – 31,5 (28,4; 36,2)). Устранение артериальной гипоксемии и положительное влияние на гемодинамику позволило обеспечить адекватный транспорт кислорода к тканям, что выражалось в нормализации значений DO2 (980,4 (858,45; 1208), исходно – 280 (270,34; 387,4)); ExO2 (27,8 (25,6; 34,5), исходно – 32,1 (30,7; 39,8)) и снижении Qs / Qt (28,7 (18,6; 35,4), исходно – 42,8 (39,2; 49,1)).Заключение. При кратковременной терапии пациентов с ХОБЛ с гиперкапнической острой дыхательной недостаточностью методом t-Не/О2 по сравнению с ВПО улучшается оксигенация крови, гемодинамика. Устранение артериальной гипоксемии и положительное влияние на гемодинамику позволили обеспечить адекватный транспорт кислорода к тканям, что выражалось в нормализации значений транспорта, доставки кислорода и снижении фракции шунта

Синдром дыхательной недостаточности при остром инсульте: новые подходы к диагностике

The article presents an overview of the problem of respiratory failure in patients with acute stroke, its prevalence, leading pathophysiological factors, clinical features, and diagnostic methods. Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke survivors often experience medical complications that may be the direct cause of mortality. The syndrome of respiratory failure and respiratory complication are common after stroke. The syndrome of respiratory failure syndrome of varying severity is following after stroke in 44 – 90%, often remains undervalued, undiagnosed, due to the clinical features of this category of patients. The nature of these disorders depends on the severity and site of neurological injury. Abnormality of breathing control, respiratory mechanics, and breathing pattern are common and may lead to gas exchange abnormalities or the need for respiratory support. The leading symptom is hypoxemia, which is often hidden, and may be detected by examining of arterial blood gasses (PaO2, PCO2). Stroke can lead to sleep disordered breathing such as central or obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep disordered breathing may also play a role in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction. Venous thromboembolism, swallowing abnormalities, aspiration, and pneumonia are among the most common respiratory complications of stroke. Neurogenic pulmonary edema occurs less often but may be very dramatic. Therefore, early diagnosis, prevention and treatment are important in reducing mortality and improving functional rehabilitation.В статье представлен обзор проблемы дыхательной недостаточности (ДН) у пациентов острым инсультом, ее влияние на клиническое течение, смертность, прогноз. Рассмотрены распространенность, ведущие патофизиологические факторы, клинические особенности, методы диагностики. Инсульт является третьей ведущей причиной смерти во всем мире. Пациенты, перенесшие инсульт, погибают от осложнений, с которыми они сталкиваются. Нарушения функции дыхательной системы и респираторные осложнения часто возникают при развитии инсульта. Синдром ДН различной степени выраженности сопровождает развитие инсульта в 44–90 % случаев, часто остается недооцененным, недиагностированным вследствие клинической особенности пациентов данной категории. Характер этих нарушений зависит от тяжести и локализации неврологического повреждения. Нарушения регуляции дыхания, механики и паттерна дыхания являются частыми проявлениями ДН и могут привести к нарушениям газообмена и необходимости респираторной поддержки. Ведущим симптом является гипоксемия, которая также носит скрытый характер, и выявляется при исследовании газового состава артериальной крови. Инсульт может привести к нарушению дыхания во сне, таким как центральное или обструктивное апноэ сна. Нарушение дыхания во сне также может играть определенную роль в патогенезе церебрального инфаркта. Венозная тромбоэмболия, нарушения глотания, аспирация и пневмония являются одними из наиболее распространенных респираторных осложнений инсульта. Нейрогенный отек встречается реже, но протекает достаточно драматично. Поэтому ранняя диагностика, профилактика и лечение играют важную роль в снижении летальности и улучшении реабилитационного потенциала

Improvement of standard-legal and methodical ensuring performance of the federal budget

Article is devoted to the necessity of further improvement of standard and legal regulation at all stages of the budgetary process and creation of the effective mechanism of management efficiency of the budgetary expenses

Potential structures for CO₂ geological storage in the Baltic Sea: Case study offshore Latvia

This study is focused on two structures in the Baltic offshore region (E6 and E7 structures in Latvia) prospective for the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Their CO 2 storage capacities were estimated recently with different levels of reliability. Petrophysical, geophysical, mineralogical and geochemical parameters of reservoir rocks represented by quartz sandstones of the Deimena Formation of Middle Cambrian in two wells and properties of Silurian and Ordovician cap rocks were additionally studied and interpreted in the present contribution. Extended methodology on rock measurements and estimation of conservative and optimistic storage capacity are presented. Uncertainties and risks of CO2 storage in the offshore structure E6 estimated as the most prospective for CO2 geological storage in the Baltic Region, and the largest among all onshore and offshore structures studied in Latvia, were discussed. We re-estimated the previous optimistic capacity of the E6 structure (265–630 Mt) to 251–602 Mt. Considering fault system within the E6 structure we estimated capacity of two compartments of the reservoir separately (E6-A and E6-B). Estimated by the optimistic approach CO2 storage capacity of the E6-A part was 243–582 Mt (mean 365 Mt) and E6-B part 8–20 Mt (mean 12 Mt). Conservative capacity was 97–233 Mt (mean 146 Mt) in the E6-A, and 4–10 Mt (mean 6 Mt) in the E6-B. The conservative average capacity of the E6-B part was in the same range as this capacity in the E7 structure (6 and 7 Mt respectively). The total capacity of the two structures E6 and E7, estimated using the optimistic approach was on average 411 Mt, and using the conservative approach, 159 Mt

Application of semi-finished products from wild raw materials to increase the nutritional value of baked products

The task of food products manufacturing enriched with substances that make up for the deficiency of certain substances remains very urgent. In order to prevent a large number of diseases, everyday products, in particular, baked goods are enriched. To improve the qualitative and quantitative composition of bakery products, it is necessary to introduce components that provide diet and preventive nutrition.  It is necessary to use products of plant raw materials processing, including vegetable additives, fruit and berry raw materials in the form of various semiuseful ingredients. Pectin, inulin, cellulose, complexes of soluble and insoluble fibers of beets, apples, citrus fruits, etc., as well as wild raw materials can be sources of dietary fibers for bread enrichment.  The aim of the research is to develop the technology and formulation of baked products using semi-finished products from wild raw materials – blackberries and potassium. The addition of cranberry and blackberry puree has had a positive effect on the physical, chemical, organoleptic quality indicators, the products have acquired a pleasant berry flavor, and aroma, a brighter color of the crust, increased nutritional value