SUMC/MPOS/HAL interface study

The implementation of the HAL/S language on the IBM-360, and in particular the mechanization of its real time, I/O, and error control statements within the OS-360 environment is described. The objectives are twofold: (1) An analysis and general description of HAL/S real time, I/O, and error control statements and the structure required to mechanize these statements. The emphasis is on describing the logical functions performed upon execution of each HAL statement rather than defining whether it is accomplished by the compiler or operating system. (2) An identification of the OS-360 facilities required during execution of HAL/S code as implemented for the current HAL/S-360 compiler; and an evaluation of the aspects involved with interfacing HAL/S with the SUMC operating system utilizing either the HAL/S-360 compiler or by designing a new HAL/S-SUMC compiler

Standard interface definition for avionics data bus systems

Data bus for avionics system of space shuttle, noting functions of interface unit, error detection and recovery, redundancy, and bus control philosoph

An update on vitamin d metabolism

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone classically involved in the calcium metabolism and bone homeostasis. Recently, new and interesting aspects of vitamin D metabolism has been elucidated, namely the special role of the skin, the metabolic control of liver hydroxylase CYP2R1, the specificity of 1α-hydroxylase in different tissues and cell types and the genomic, non-genomic and epigenomic effects of vitamin D receptor, which will be addressed in the present review. Moreover, in the last decades, several extraskeletal effects which can be attributed to vitamin D have been shown. These beneficial effects will be here summarized, focusing on the immune system and cardiovascular system

Bisphenol A, nonylphenols, benzophenones, and benzotriazoles in soils, groundwater, surface water, sediments, and food: a review

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are not commonly monitored in the environment, but they can enter the environment from a variety of sources. The most worrying consequence of their wide use and environmental diffusion is the increase in the possible exposure pathways for humans. Moreover, knowledge of their behavior in the environment, toxicity, and biological effects is limited or not available for most CECs. The aim of this work is to edit the state of the art on few selected CECs having the potential to enter the soil and aquatic systems and cause adverse effects in humans, wildlife, and the environment: bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), benzophenones (BPs), and benzotriazole (BT). Some reviews are already available on BPA and NP, reporting about their behavior in surface water and sediments, but scarce and scattered information is available about their presence in soil and groundwater. Only a few studies are available about BPs and BT in the environment, in particular in soil and groundwater. This work summarizes the information available in the literature about the incidence and behavior of these compounds in the different environmental matrices and food. In particular, the review focuses on the physical-chemical properties, the environmental fate, the major degradation byproducts, and the environmental evidence of the selected CECs

optimization and comparison of ultrasonic techniques for ndt control of composite material elements

Abstract This work contains an overview of innovative procedures related to the optimization of non-destructive control ultrasonic techniques for defect investigation on composite plates. The inspection procedure improvement allows developing ideal ultrasonic setup and methods, giving the operator appropriate criteria and guidelines in terms of equipment, material and control procedures. Ultrasonic inspections are conducted on different GFRP laminates with artificial defects; tests are improved using special parts designed for probe positioning and contact conditions on inspected components. The data processing of UT procedures allows comparing detection sensitivity of different probe frequencies and plate material behavior. Contact ultrasonic method presents best results for GFRP plates using 1 MHz Olympus A103S probe, detecting small defects with maximum signal amplitudes. Finally, a statistical study is performed for repeatability demonstration of UT inspections

ndt thermographic techniques on cfrp structural components for aeronautical application

Abstract This paper describes the application of active pulsed Thermography (PT) as a Non-Destructive Test (NDT) method for the investigation of CFRP aeronautical components. The analyzed specimens include T-shaped stringers, previously monitored by ultrasonic analysis, and laminated flat plates with internal production defects. Several set-up tests allowed to identify optimal configurations for the defect detection, according to specimen geometry and defect location. A custom post-processing algorithm has been developed to improve thermographic data for more precise defect characterization, whilst a successive full-field contrast mapping allows to achieve a reliable defect distribution map and a better definition on larger areas. Detection of defects was studied with a specific thermal contrast evaluation, with a suitable choice of undamaged reference area during the transient cooling phase. The influence of heating time and experimental set-up on the thermal contrast results has also been studied; moreover, the ability of thermographic technique to detect real small production defects with accuracy and reliability is verified for CFRP aeronautical components

BISPHENOL A AND NONYLPHENOL TRANSFER TO VEGETABLES CULTIVATED ON CONTAMINATED SOIL

A research program, financed by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, started early 2013 to investigate the occurrence and fate of selected emerging contaminants in soil, water, sediments and food in Italy, in order to assess health risks and to develop control measures. Bisphenol A (BPA) and Nonylphenol (NP) are both emerging pollutants listed as endocrine disrupters, for which diet seems the major exposure route for humans. In this specific work, the transfer of BPA and NP to edible vegetables cultivated on polluted soil was investigated. Lettuce and tomatoes were selected due to their high worldwide per capita consumption rates. Plants were cultivated in pots filled with agricultural soil artificially contaminated with BPA or 4-NP and in pots with uncontaminated soil (blank pots). After filling (time T0), the pots were located in greenhouses, daily monitored and periodically watered. Lettuce was cultivated for about 55 d (T1). Tomatoes were collected at different times (T1 = 52 d, T2 = 66 d, T3 = 79 d and T4 = 89 d) due to the different ripening time of the fruits. Soil samples were also collected, by coring the soil next to the plants. Commercial pre-washed lettuce, raw lettuce and tomatoes from conventional farming and organic farming were also bought at a local store and analyzed for BPA and 4-NP quantification. Contamination of soil with BPA resulted in a very rapid (2 days) degradation of this contaminant and the production of two byproducts (p-HBA and p-HAP). No BPA was found at all sampling times in the vegetables from either the blank pots or the BPA pots. p-HBA was found at high concentrations in the vegetables from the contaminated pots; the concentration in the lettuce produced in the experiment was higher than in the commercial samples. Though p-HAP was found in some soil samples from the contaminated pots, it was never found in the vegetables. As for 4-NP pots, a huge decrease in 4-NP concentration occurred in the contaminated soils between T0 and T1. Vegetables from the contaminated pots had high 4-NP concentrations. p-Cresol was the most frequently detected byproduct, which was found in the vegetables from the contaminated pots at concentrations higher than in the commercial samples. Phenol was found in the tomatoes from the contaminated pot, at concentrations higher than in the commercial tomatoes

damage investigation of aeronautical cfrp laminates under bearing tests

Abstract The use of mechanical fasteners is still main assembling method for CFRP sub-structures in aircrafts and helicopters. However, this type of joint introduces complex stress field in the hole surroundings producing failures risk. In this work, a progressive damage 3D model of the riveted joint has been implemented to predict the residual strength and compliance after first damage signs and reproduce the final failure of composite joints under tensile test. Two 3D FEM Models were used and results are compared to experimental tests. The junction stiffness under load was evaluated and preliminary analysis shows both the coefficient of friction and preload induce not significant alteration of the composite joint behaviour. On refined model, a 3D Hashin-type failure criterion was used to analyze damage of matrix and fibers, beginning in the hole where contact conditions with the bolt pin and head are more severe and is evenly distributed in various plies, leading to final rupture of second or third one. Successively, delaminations were introduced with cohesive model, since is considered to produce reliable results, because the initial compression collapse in critical layers in contact with rivet is proved to affect shear and compression load transfer to other layers, giving rise to localized internal delaminations, propagating successively in width

Transfer of Benzophenones from Soil to Plants

Benzophenones (BPs) include different compounds whose molecular structure is based on diphenyl ketone (benzophenone, BP). Some benzophenones have been reported to have estrogenic activity and some compounds have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Specific studies should be carried out about possible pollution of soils due to the use of biosolids and/or treated wastewater in agriculture practices, in particular to understand the transport of BPs to the edible parts of plants and risk for humans due to their consumption. In this work, the transfer of BP and BP-3 to edible vegetables cultivated on polluted soil was investigated. Lettuce and tomatoes were selected due to their high worldwide per capita consumption rates. Plants were cultivated in pots filled with agricultural soil artificially contaminated with BP or BP-3 and in pots with uncontaminated soil (blank pots). At the beginning of tests (time T0) three soil samples from each pot were collected and analyzed. Lettuce was cultivated for about 55 d; at the end of this period (time T1), the edible part of each plant was collected and analyzed. Tomatoes were collected at different times (T1 = 54 d, T2 = 70 d, T3 = 83 d and T4 = 92 d) due to the different ripening time of the fruits; in the BP-3 pot, tomatoes could be collected only at time T3 and T4, because no ripe fruits were available before. Soil samples were also collected at the different times, by coring the soil next to the lettuce plant roots or the plants from which tomatoes had been grabbed. Commercial pre-washed lettuce, raw lettuce and tomatoes from conventional farming and organic farming were also bought at a local store and analyzed. BP concentrations in the contaminated soils remained constant over time except for the tomato pot from time T3, while BP-3 concentrations decreased over time. As for the vegetables, BP (at T2) and BP-3 (at T3 and T4) in tomatoes were higher than in the Blank. BP and BP-3 concentrations found in the vegetables cultivated in this study were similar to those measured in the commercial vegetables, except for BP-3 in tomatoes at T3

BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM FOR REMOVING HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM FROM WATERS

BES include a set of technologies that exploit the ability of certain microorganisms to use electrodes as the electrons acceptors/donors and to catalyze redox reactions in order to promote a flow of electrons. In the present study, we have assessed the possibility to remove Cr(VI) in a biocathodic chamber of a dual-chamber (2C) Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) with cathode as the sole electron donor. The cathode was first put into the anodic compartment of a 2CMicrobial Fuel Cell (MFC) inoculated with sludge from an anaerobic digester. After the acclimation period, the electrode was transferred into the cathodic chamber to work at -300 mV (vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode - SHE) as the biocathode in a Cr(VI)-reducing MEC with 2000 μg Cr(VI)/L. The acclimation phase in the 2C-MFC allowed to shorten the time for the electroactive-biofilm growth, and to increase the efficiency of the Cr(VI)-reducing MEC. The bioelectrochemical system ensured higher removal efficiency than the pure chemical process