262 research outputs found
The future of translational biomedical research at Nazarbayev University
The ultimate goal of fundamental biomedical research is to decipher mechanisms underlying the
impairment of molecules, cells, tissues, and organs and subsequent dysfunction of the whole human body.
Knowledge of these mechanisms helps discover and develop new approaches in the diagnosis, prevention
and treatment of various diseases. Translational biomedical research enables the application of basic
scientific discoveries to diagnostics, patient care and clinical practice. Thus, translational biomedical
research is a link between fundamental research, clinical research and clinical practice. Transfer of
discoveries from the bench to the bedside is a very complex and time consuming process that includes
pre-clinical studies and several phases of clinical trials, along with the development of clinical guidelines
and protocols, and the eventual implementation of best clinical practices
The role of antioxidation and immunomodulation in postnatal multipotent stem cell-mediated cardiac repair
Oxidative stress and inflammation play major roles in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease including myocardial infarction (MI). The pathological progression following MI is very complex and involves a number of cell populations including cells localized within the heart, as well as cells recruited from the circulation and other tissues that participate in inflammatory and reparative processes. These cells, with their secretory factors, have pleiotropic effects that depend on the stage of inflammation and regeneration. Excessive inflammation leads to enlargement of the infarction site, pathological remodeling and eventually, heart dysfunction. Stem cell therapy represents a unique and innovative approach to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation caused by ischemic heart disease. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the crosstalk between stem cells and other cells involved in post-MI cardiac tissue repair, especially immune cells, in order to harness the beneficial effects of the immune response following MI and further improve stem cell-mediated cardiac regeneration. This paper reviews the recent findings on the role of antioxidation and immunomodulation in postnatal multipotent stem cell-mediated cardiac repair following ischemic heart disease, particularly acute MI and focuses specifically on mesenchymal, muscle and blood-vessel-derived stem cells due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties
The current state of soil cover in Kazakhstan, problems and solution
The main directions of scientific activity of the U.U.Uspanov Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry is study of regularities in soil formation under anthropogenic pressure; rational use and increase of bio-productivity of soil resources; development of new technologies to improve soil fertility and crop productivity; assessment of the ecological state of soils in the conditions of anthropogenesis and development of measures for their improvement; provision of consulting and practical services for survey and preparation of agrochemical cartograms and map- schemes with various scales
Growth and Characterization of Ce- Substituted Nd2Fe14B Single Crystals
Single crystals of (Nd1-xCex)2Fe14B are grown out of Fe-(Nd,Ce) flux.
Chemical and structural analysis of the crystals indicates that
(Nd1-xCex)2Fe14B forms a solid solution until at least x = 0.38 with a
Vegard-like variation of the lattice constants with x. Refinements of single
crystal neutron diffraction data indicate that Ce has a slight site preference
(7:3) for the 4g rare earth site over the 4f site. Magnetization measurements
show that for x = 0.38 the saturation magnetization at 400 K, a temperature
important to applications, falls from 29.8 for the parent Nd2Fe14B to 27.6
(mu)B/f.u., the anisotropy field decreases from 5.5 T to 4.7 T, and the Curie
temperature decreases from 586 to 543 K. First principles calculations carried
out within density functional theory are used to explain the decrease in
magnetic properties due to Ce substitution. Though the presence of the
lower-cost and more abundant Ce slightly affects these important magnetic
characteristics, this decrease is not large enough to affect a multitude of
applications. Ce-substituted Nd2Fe14B is therefore a potential high-performance
permanent magnet material with substantially reduced Nd content.Comment: 11 Pages, 8 figures, 5 table
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